Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors(PitNETs)are benign tumors originating from the pituitary gland.Although surgical and pharmacological treatments can achieve gross total resection of the tumor and restore endocrine function,patients often experience cognitive dysfunction and emotional regulation disorders,which can reduce their quality of life.Different types of PitNETs present with varying psychological and mental symptoms.For example,patients with prolactinomas,growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumors,and adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary tumors commonly experience cognitive impairment(e.g.,memory and executive function)and emotional dysregulation(e.g.,anxiety and depression).Patients with non-functioning PitNETs commonly experience headaches and visual disturbances due to the mass effect of the tumor.Additionally,some of these patients may also develop cognitive impairments.Future research should focus on elucidating the specific mechanisms by which PitNETs influence neuropsychological function,developing more precise bedside assessment tools,and exploring personalized intervention strategies to improve overall treatment outcomes and quality of life for these patients.

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors(PitNETs)are benign tumors originating from the pituitary gland.Although surgical and pharmacological treatments can achieve gross total resection of the tumor and restore endocrine function,patients often experience cognitive dysfunction and emotional regulation disorders,which can reduce their quality of life.Different types of PitNETs present with varying psychological and mental symptoms.For example,patients with prolactinomas,growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumors,and adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary tumors commonly experience cognitive impairment(e.g.,memory and executive function)and emotional dysregulation(e.g.,anxiety and depression).Patients with non-functioning PitNETs commonly experience headaches and visual disturbances due to the mass effect of the tumor.Additionally,some of these patients may also develop cognitive impairments.Future research should focus on elucidating the specific mechanisms by which PitNETs influence neuropsychological function,developing more precise bedside assessment tools,and exploring personalized intervention strategies to improve overall treatment outcomes and quality of life for these patients.

Humans ; COVID-19/genetics* ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics* ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/genetics* ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; RNA, Viral/genetics*

Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract， with the pathogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. Although surgery， radiotherapy， chemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy have demonstrated obvious clinical efficacy in the treatment of gastric cancer， the patients suffer from complications and adverse effects. Basic experiments and clinical studies have proved that Chinese medicine can treat gastric cancer in a multi-component and multi-target manner， the mechanisms of which remain to be deciphered. Therefore， the mechanism of Chinese medicine against gastric cancer needs to be unveiled by network pharmacology and tools of molecular biology. According to Chinese medicine， the occurrence of gastric cancer is mainly attributed to liver Qi stagnation， phlegm stasis and Qi stagnation， body fluid deficiency and heat accumulation， deficiency of healthy Qi， and cancer toxin accumulation. According to the available literature， herbal compound formulas such as Sancao Tiaowei decoction， Xiaojianzhong decoction， and Yiqi Huayu Jiedu decoction focus on tonifying， clearing heat， and detoxifying， while herbal active components are mainly insecticidal， heat-clearing， blood-activating， stasis-removing， and Qi-regulating drugs. The therapeutic effects of these Chinese medicines are consistent with the etiology and pathogenesis of gastric cancer. It has been demonstrated that Chinese medicines play a role in promoting apoptosis and autophagy， blocking cell cycle， and reversing cellular drug resistance to treat gastric cancer by regulating phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB）， transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）/Smad， Wnt/β-catenin， and Hedgehog signaling pathways， while there is a lack of systematic understanding. By systematically summarizing the signaling pathways related to the regulation of gastric cancer by Chinese medicine， this study aims to clarify the molecular mechanisms of Chinese medicine against the development， invasion， and metastasis of gastric cancer， with a view to providing new targets， perspectives， and ideas for the treatment of gastric cancer and promoting the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective: To analyze the influencing factors and physical and mental development of preschool children with iron deficiency anemia in Dongguan, so as to provide a reference for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia among preschool children. Methods: A total of 118 preschool children with iron deficiency anemia who were examined in Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Center from January 2022 to December 2022 were enrolled in the anemia group, and 118 preschool healthy children who were examined in the hospital at the same time were enrolled in the control group. The physical and mental development of the children were evalucded in both groups. Demographic information and household per capita income were collected. The relationship between risk factors and iron deficiency anemia was analyzed by univariate analysis and multiple Logistic regression. Results: The scores of fine motor skills, gross motor skills, adaptability, social communication, language ability and developmental quotient of children in anemia group were significantly lower than those in control group ( t =4.14, 5.46, 5.60, 5.50, 4.90, 5.83, P <0.01). The difference in scores of adaptability, fine motor skills, gross motor skills language ability, social communication and developmental quotient between the two groups increased with age ( F =390.56, 414.63, 437.35, 409.68, 407.20, 404.54, P < 0.05 ). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that household income, history of past digestive disease, gestational age, maternal anemia during pregnancy, maternal education, consumption of meat, eggs and milk, and intake of nuts were all associated with iron deficiency anemia among preschool children in Dongguan ( OR =2.23，2.99，3.99，3.56，3.11，1.68，1.61, P < 0.05 ). Conclusion The physical and mental development of preschool children with iron deficiency anemia in Dongguan is slower than that of non anemia children of the same age, and the development delay becomes more obvious with increasing age. Attention should be paid to the prevention of iron deficiency anemia among preschool children. It is important to provide reasonable dietary guidance for children with high risk factors such as digestive disease history and prematurity.

Objective:To investigate the clinical significances of CD4/CD8 ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).Methods:The clinical data of 124 MM patients in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from December 2002 to April 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, and 31 healthy people were chosen as the controls. Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were detected by using flow cytometry, and the correlations between CD4/CD8 ration and related clinical indicators were also investigated. All MM patients were divided into the high NLR group and the low NLR group according to the media of NLR, and the correlation of them with related clinical indicators, chromosome karyotype, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was also compared.Results:Compared with the healthy control group, the proportion of CD4 + T cells [(35.28±6.58)% vs. (31.85±6.76)%, t = -2.067, P = 0.043], absolute value of NK cells [0.22×10 9/L (0.13×10 9/L-0.59×10 9/L) vs. 0.17×10 9/L (0.00×10 9/L-0.42×10 9/L), Z = -2.614, P = 0.009] and CD4/CD8 ratio [0.97 (0.50-2.69) vs. 0.81 (0.30-1.28), Z = -2.253, P = 0.024] was decreased, respectively. The proportion of CD8 + cells was increased [(36.93±7.38)% vs. (40.50±6.50)%, t = 2.074, P = 0.042] in MM group. The hemoglobin level of CD4/CD8 ratio ≥0.94 group was higher than that of CD4/CD8 ratio <0.94 [(98.89±21.35) g/L vs.(80.60±23.23) g/L, t = -2.066, P = 0.047]. Compared with the healthy control group, NLR was increased in MM group [1.54 (1.10-3.23) vs. 1.95 (0.29-12.70), Z = -2.384, P = 0.017]. Compared with the low NLR group (<1.95), serum β 2-microglobulin [4.56 mg/L (1.63-12.60 mg/L) vs. 6.17 mg/L (1.58-67.50 mg/L), Z = -2.586, P = 0.010] and serum creatinine [84.5 μmol/L (43.0-376.5 μmol/L) vs. 113.0 μmol/L (46.5-754.0 μmol/L), Z = -3.866, P < 0.001] was increased in the high NLR group for MM patients. The proportion of the male patients, β 2-microglobulin > 5.5 mg/L, serum creatinine > 177 μmol/L, stage Ⅲ of international staging system (ISS) in the high NLR group was higher than that in the low NLR group (all P < 0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the composition of chromosome karyotype (all P > 0.05). The median OS time in the low NLR group was longer than that in the high NLR group [30 months (20-40 months) vs. 17 months (7-27 months), χ 2 = 4.519, P = 0.034], and there was no statistically significant difference in the PFS of both groups ( P > 0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that the age, corrected serum calcium, serum creatinine, lactic dehydrogenase were the independent influencing factors of OS in MM (all P < 0.05), while NLR wasn′t an independent influencing factor of OS in MM ( P = 0.513). Conclusions:CD4/CD8 ratio is decreased and immune dysfunction occurs in MM patients. MM patients with high NLR have a shorter OS time.

Objective: To explore the correlation of non-coding RNA and the tumor-associated antigen midkine (MK) in SKOV3cells and the clinical significance for diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Methods: The Agilent′s gene chips (miRNAs chip and lncRNAs chip) were used to analyze the differential expression of miRNAs and lncRNAs in both MK-overexpressing SKOV3-MK cells and the control SKOV3-Con cells to screen the potential biomarkers in ovarian cancer. The clinical significance of midkine in the serum and tissues samples was analyzed for the patients with ovarian cancer by quantitative PCR combined with clinical data. Results: Compared with control SKOV3-con cells, MK overexpression significantly promoted the expressions of 11 miRNAs and 7 lncRNAs in SKOV3 cells (P＜0.01, ratio＞3 fold), reduced the expressions of 8 miRNAs and 13 lncRNAs (P＜0.01, ratio＜0.3). Results of qPCR showed that the expression level of miR489 was significantly lower in ovarian cancer tissues than that of the contralateral normal ovarian tissues, while HOTAIR was significantly elevated (P＜0.05). The expression level of HOTAIR in the serum of ovarian cancer patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls group with same age (0.036±0.024 vs 0.019±0.020, P=0.002). ROC curve analysis of HOTAIR showed that the specificity was 66.7%, the sensitivity was 75.6% and the AUC value was 0.749 as a marker for serum detection of ovarian cancer when the cutoff value was 0.017 6. Conclusion Long-chain non-coding RNA HOTAIR may be served as a potential biomarker in serum of ovarian cancer patients.

Objective: To investigate the expression levels of long non-coding RNA LincROR in plasma and tissues of ovarian cancer patients and its value in the screening of ovarian cancer. Methods: The plasma samples from 30 healthy women, 56 cases of ovarian cysts, 23 cases of endometriosis, 38 cases of endometrial carcinoma, 35 cases of cervical cancer, 42 cases of ovarian cancer, 21 cases of ovarian cancer after operation and 26 cases of ovarian cancer after chemotherapy were collected, and the expression levels of LincROR in these samples were detected by quantitative PCR. The diagnostic value of LincROR in common clinical gynecological diseases was evaluated combined with clinical data. Results: The expression levels of LincROR in plasma of ovarian cancer patients (2.90± 4.42 ) were significantly higher than that in healthy women (0.23±0.28) and the patients with benign ovarian cysts (0.62±0.55, P ＜ 0.01 ). The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the diagnostic value of plasma LincROR in the screening of breast cancer was better than that of CA125, CA199, CA153, AFP and CEA. The sensitivity and specificity of combined screening of LincROR and CA125 for ovarian cancer were 89.7% and 86.7%, respectively (AUCROC=0.918, 95% CI :0.817-0.973). In addition, the expression levels of plasma LincROR in the postoperative patients were significantly lower than that in the ovarian cancer patients without any treatment (0.50±1.72 vs 2.90±4.42, P ＜0.01). The ROC curve analysis showed that plasma LincROR was more sensitive than CA125 in evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer (AUCROC: 0.866 vs 0.738). Conclusion LincROR is expected to be an ideal biomarker for the screening of ovarian cancer, and has potential clinical value in evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. Combination of LincROR with CA125 may improve the sensitivity and specificity of the screening of ovarian cancer

Objective: To explore the feasibility and the value of CT enterography (CTE) in the quantitative evaluation of Crohn's disease (CD). Methods: Retrospectively analyzed 49 patients diagnosed as CD by clinical, enteroscopy, pathology, and imaging from April 2016 to June 2017 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. All patients underwent routine enteroscopy and standardized CTE. The interval between the two examinations was less than 2 weeks. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured at intervals. The ESR ranged from 2.0 to 97.0 mm/1 h, with an average of (30.6±26.5) mm/1 h, CRP from 0.3 to 143.3 mg/L, and a median of 27.7 mg/L. CD patients were classified into inactive, mild and moderate-severe according to Crohn's disease simplified endoscopic activity score(SES-CD) after enteroscopy. CTE evaluated the site of lesion, the thickness and enhanced patterns of the most severe lesions of the bowel wall, mural enhanced CT value in the portal vein phase, ΔCT value, stenosis, perienteric inflammation, mesenteric hypervascularity (comb sign), enlarged lymph nodes, abdominal abscesses, fistulas, etc. The Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of enhanced patterns among different groups. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was used to compare the differences in bowel wall thickness, plain CT values, mural enhanced CT value in the portal vein phase and ΔCT values among different groups. The correlation between CTE parameters and SES-CD or laboratory data was analyzed by Pearson (normal distribution data) or Spearman (skewed distribution data). Results: SES-CD ranged from 1 to 15, with an average of 5.1±2.6. Among 49 cases, 13 were inactive, 19 were mild, and 17 were moderate-severe. There were 25 cases of intestinal obstruction or stenosis, including 24 cases in the active group and 1 case in the non-active group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=13.3, P<0.01). The short diameter of lymph nodes was more than 10 mm in 7 patients, all of them were active patients; 32 cases were mesenteric hypervascularity, manifested as "comb sign" , among them, 28 cases were active and 4 cases were non-active, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=9.3, P<0.01). Perienteric inflammation was manifested in 30 cases, including 27 cases in the active group and 3 cases in the non-active group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=10.8, P<0.01). The enhanced patterns of thickened bowel wall in the non-active was dominated by C and D types, while A and B types was mainly in the active group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); There were significant differences in bowel wall thickness, mural enhanced CT value in the portal vein phase and ΔCT values between different groups (P<0.05), however, the difference of plain CT values between different groups was not significant (P>0.05). Bowel wall thickness, mural enhanced CT value in the portal vein phase and ΔCT values were all moderately correlated with SES-CD (r were 0.564, 0.585, 0.533, respectively; P all <0.01). Bowel wall thickness was positively correlated with ESR and CRP(r were 0.542, 0.452, respectively; P all <0.01). Mural enhanced CT value in the portal vein phase and ΔCT values were not correlated with ESR or CRP (P>0.05). Conclusion The bowel wall thickness, mural enhanced CT value in the portal vein phase and the ΔCT value can be used to accurately assess the activity of CD lesions.