Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and infection sources of cholera in China from 2005 to 2024.Methods:A total of 2 066 cholera cases were included in the study, which were obtained from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System (CDPCIS) of China CDC. The information on cholera clusters was downloaded from the National Public Health Emergency Event Surveillance System (PHEESS) of China CDC. A total of 128 cholera clusters were included and analyzed in this study. The epidemiological characteristics and infection sources of cholera were analyzed. The Jointpoint model was applied to analyze the incidence trend, and annual percentage change (APC) was also quantified.Results:From 2005 to 2024, a total of 2 066 cholera cases were reported, with an average of 103 cases reported annually. Specifically, the incidence showed a marked downward trend from 2004 to 2015 ( APC=-26.78%, P=0.006). During 2015-2024, the disease remained at low endemic levels, with an average of 18 reported cases annually ( APC=-2.68%, P=0.807). Cholera peak season was from May to October. A total of 24 provinces reported cholera cases, which were mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Beijing, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangdong, and Hainan provinces, accounting for 78.03% of the total cases. Pathogen surveillance indicated an alternating prevalence of Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 among laboratory-confirmed cases between 2005 and 2024. There was a disparity in the dominant serogroup of Vibrio cholerae by region. The results from 128 cholera clusters indicated that cholera outbreaks frequently occurred in rural banquets (64.84%), followed by regular restaurants (13.28%). Among these, 63 clusters (49.22%) with identified infection sources indicated that foodborne transmission (95.24%) was the primary mode of cholera transmission, which mainly through seafood and aquatic products, such as soft-shelled turtles, shrimp and shellfish. The characteristics of cholera clusters caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 showed statistically significant differences in scale, attack rate, place of residence, setting, and infection source ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Cholera incidence has remained consistently low since 2015 in China, mainly in sporadic cases. Rural gatherings (e.g., wedding banquets) are the main settings for cholera clusters. The main infection sources are predominantly caused by cross-contamination due to improper processing practices of aquatic products, such as soft-shelled turtles.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy(DCAN)secondary to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 63 T2DM patients admitted to Department of Endocrinology in our hospital from Nov.1,2022 to Nov.30,2023 were enrolled.All patients were examined by cardiovascular autonomic nervous system.According to the results,they were assigned to DCAN group or non-DCAN group.Baseline data and laboratory parameters were recorded for each group.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of DCAN secondary to T2DM,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to study the predictive value of the influencing factors on DCAN.Results There were 32(50.79％)patients in the DCAN group and 31(49.21％)patients in the non-DCAN group.The mean age of the patients was significantly older in the DCAN group than in the non-DCAN group(P=0.002).Logistic regression analysis showed that age was a risk factor for DCAN secondary to T2DM(odds ratio=1.095,95％confidence interval 1.029-1.166,P=0.04).The ROC curve showed that the area under curve value of age predicting DCAN was 0.718,and the best diagnostic value was 58.5 years old,with a sensitivity of 0.719 and a specificity of 0.645.Conclusion Age is a risk factor for DCAN secondary to T2DM,and an increase in age leads to a higher positive rate of DCAN.

OBJECTIVE To establish standardized operating procedures,result interpretation guidelines,and clinical application protocols for dust mite-nasal allergen challenge(NAC),and to systematically evaluate its operational reliability and safety.METHODS Patients with positive serum-specific IgE(sIgE)against mites and healthy controls were enrolled between January 2023 and December 2024.Demographic and clinical information was systematically collected.A standardized mite allergen extract was utilized to prepare the challenge solution for all participants.Bilateral synchronous nasal spray challenges were conducted using progressively increasing concentrations(1 000,3 000,10 000,and 30 000 BU/ml).During the challenge,total nasal symptom scores,visual analogue scale,acoustic rhinometry,active anterior rhinomanometry,and four-phase rhinomanometry were assessed,and all evaluation data and diagnostic outcomes were documented accordingly.RESULTS Compared to the baseline measurements,both subjective symptom scores and objective evaluation indicators in patients demonstrated statistically significant changes following NAC(P≤0.001).Among these patients,40 individuals(81.6%)exhibited a positive response to the dust mite-NAC.All healthy control subjects showed negative results in the test.CONCLUSION This study established standardized operating procedures and clinical application guidelines for the dust mite-NAC.These encompass indications,contraindications,preparation of stimulation solutions,procedural steps,operational standards,criteria for positive results,and pre-/post-examination precautions,thereby providing a clinically actionable framework for dust mite-NAC implementation.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and infection sources of cholera in China from 2005 to 2024.Methods:A total of 2 066 cholera cases were included in the study, which were obtained from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System (CDPCIS) of China CDC. The information on cholera clusters was downloaded from the National Public Health Emergency Event Surveillance System (PHEESS) of China CDC. A total of 128 cholera clusters were included and analyzed in this study. The epidemiological characteristics and infection sources of cholera were analyzed. The Jointpoint model was applied to analyze the incidence trend, and annual percentage change (APC) was also quantified.Results:From 2005 to 2024, a total of 2 066 cholera cases were reported, with an average of 103 cases reported annually. Specifically, the incidence showed a marked downward trend from 2004 to 2015 ( APC=-26.78%, P=0.006). During 2015-2024, the disease remained at low endemic levels, with an average of 18 reported cases annually ( APC=-2.68%, P=0.807). Cholera peak season was from May to October. A total of 24 provinces reported cholera cases, which were mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Beijing, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangdong, and Hainan provinces, accounting for 78.03% of the total cases. Pathogen surveillance indicated an alternating prevalence of Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 among laboratory-confirmed cases between 2005 and 2024. There was a disparity in the dominant serogroup of Vibrio cholerae by region. The results from 128 cholera clusters indicated that cholera outbreaks frequently occurred in rural banquets (64.84%), followed by regular restaurants (13.28%). Among these, 63 clusters (49.22%) with identified infection sources indicated that foodborne transmission (95.24%) was the primary mode of cholera transmission, which mainly through seafood and aquatic products, such as soft-shelled turtles, shrimp and shellfish. The characteristics of cholera clusters caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 showed statistically significant differences in scale, attack rate, place of residence, setting, and infection source ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Cholera incidence has remained consistently low since 2015 in China, mainly in sporadic cases. Rural gatherings (e.g., wedding banquets) are the main settings for cholera clusters. The main infection sources are predominantly caused by cross-contamination due to improper processing practices of aquatic products, such as soft-shelled turtles.

Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain charac-terized by abnormal neuron excitability.However,the underlying molecular mechanism of neuron excitability modulation remains elusive.With the help of bioinformatic methods,we have identified receptor-type tyrosine-pro-tein phosphatase-like N(PTPRN)as a critical gene dur-ing epileptogenesis.PTPRN recruits NEDD4L ubiquitin E3 ligase to NaV1.2 sodium channels,facilitating NEDD4L-mediated ubiquitination and endocytosis.Knockout of PTPRN endows hippocampal granule cells with augmented depolarization currents and higher intrinsic excitability,which is reflected by increased seizure susceptibility of transgenic mice.On the contrary,reduced neuron excit-ability and decreased seizure susceptibility are observed after PTPRN overexpression.Meanwhile,we find that a 133 aa fragment recaptures modulation effect of PTPRN full-length,and this fragment shows therapeutic potential towards epilepsy caused by NaV1.2 gain of function vari-ants.In brief,our results demonstrate PTPRN playsa criti-calroleinregulatingneuronexcitability,providing a poten-tial therapeutic approach for epilepsy.

Humans ; COVID-19/genetics* ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics* ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/genetics* ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; RNA, Viral/genetics*

Objective:To observe the effects of salvianolic acid B on migration and tube formation of the retinal vascular endothelial cell (RVEC) in high glucose, and explore its mechanism with network pharmacology.Methods:The cells were divided into normal group, model group and 1.0, 0.5, 0.1 μg/ml salvianolic acid B group according to the random number table method. The cells of each group were added with 5.5 mmol/L glucose for intervention, and the salvianolic acid B group was added with 1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 μg/ml salvianolic acid B for intervention. After 72 h, the cell viability of each group was detected by the CCK-8 method. The cells were divided into normal group, model group and low-, medium-, and high-dose salvianolic acid B group according to the random number table method. Then the cells of the normal group were added with 5.5 mmol/L glucose; the model group was added with 25 mmol/L glucose; the low-, medium-, and high-dose salvianolic acid B group was added with 25 mmol/L glucose and 0.062 5, 0.1250, 0.250 0 μg/ml salvianolic acid B. Then by taking Transwell test to detect the number of cell migration, and Matrigel test to analyze the total length of cells tubes. The active targets of Salvianolic acid B were screened by SuperTarget and Swiss TargetPrediction. Then, the targets of diabetic retinopathy were obtained by searching the GAD database, pharmGkb database, TTD database, DiGSeE database and OMIM database. The effective targets of drug-disease interaction were screened, and the component-target-disease interaction network was constructed by Cytoscape. Finally, the effective targets were analyzed by DAVID for GO analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was performed by using Accelrys Discovery Studio Client 2.5 software.Results:The CCK-8 method showed that the cell absorbance values of 0.5 and 0.1 μg/ml salvianolic acid B group were not significantly different from those of the normal group ( P>0.05). The results of Transwell experiment and Matrigel experiment showed that compared with the model group, the relative number of migrating cells and the total length of tubule formation in each dose group of salvianolic acid B decreased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). The interaction network revealed that salvianolic acid B acted on 46 targets and 8 signaling pathways. Conclusions:Salvianolic acid B could inhibit the migrating and tube forming ability of RVEC cultivated by high glucose. The results suggest that salvianolic acid B may play roles in preventing diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To establish traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) dominant disease nursing quality management specification to be suitable for the demand of curative effects of spinal disease cervical spondylosis.Methods The basic frame of cervical spondylosis TCM nursing quality indicators was established using the theory structure of "framework-process-result",learning from modern nursing program and based on the literature research method,clinical research and the semi-structured interview method. The Delphi expert consultation and expert argumentation method were used to formulate the final system of cervical spondylosis TCM nursing quality indicators.Results After two rounds of Delphi procedure, cervical spondylosis of TCM nursing quality indicator system was established including the first grade indexes (3 items),the second grade indexes (21 items) and the third grade indexes (111 items).Conclusions Establishment of TCM nursing quality indicators of cervical spondylosis provides a standard to specify TCM nursing process and objectively evaluate TCM nursing quality of single disease,and has an important clinical significance.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a single-stranded and positive-sense RNA, which has a single ORF (open reading frame), encoding a polyprotein precursor. Non-structural protein 3 (NS3) plays an important role in processing the polyprotein precursor and has become an important drug target of flavivirus. In this study, NS2BH-NS3 gene was amplified by PCR and subcloned to the prokaryotic expression plasmid, resulting pET30a-NS2BH-NS3. The fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) in soluble form after induction by Isopropyl beta-D-1-Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The recombinant protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity column. Then a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) method was used to determine enzymatic activity and the assay conditions were optimized. After screening 113 compounds, we found two compounds inhibiting the activity of NS2BH-NS3. This study provides a convenient and cost-effective method for screening of JEV NS3 protease inhibitor.
Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; enzymology ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Protease Inhibitors ; chemistry ; RNA Helicases ; metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; metabolism ; Serine Endopeptidases ; metabolism ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; metabolism

ABSTRACT:Objective To summarize the perioperative nursing methods for benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)patients undergoing photoselective vaporization.Methods 245 BPH patients applying photoselective vaporization were included in the research,and nursing plan before opera-tion was made,psychological nursing was given to the patients,changes of diseases after operation was observed,and complications were prevented.Results All of the surgeries were successful,and no patients had severe complications.All patients were discharged in 2~3 days after operation. Conclusion Good perioperative nursing is important in recovery of patients,and we should em-phasize on physical and psychological status of patient before operation,vital signs and oxygen satu-ration and the color of bladder washing to ensure the success of operation and earlier rehabilitation.