Objective:To explore the optimization potential of clinical target volume (CTV) delineation proposed in the guidelines of the Oncology Group (RTOG), the Francophone Group of Urological Radiotherapy (GFRU), and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) based on prostate bed local occurrence patterns after radical prostatectomy identified using prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with local prostate bed recurrence after radical prostatectomy who underwent PSMA PET at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital from September 2021 to February 2024. The central point of each recurrence was marked. A six-zone method was established based on prostate bed anatomy and the characteristics of cross-sectional imaging. Then, the positional relationships (within or outside) were recorded with respect to recurrences and CTV defined by the RTOG, GFRU, and ESTRO (CTV RTOG, CTV GFRU, and CTV ESTRO), followed the analysis of the recurrence rates and distribution characteristics of various zones. Results:A total of 63 patients with prostate bed recurrence after radical prostatectomy were enrolled in this study, including 97 recurrences. The recurrence rates in the six zones were as follows: 10% of zone 1, 22% of zone 2, 29% of zone 3, 2% of zone 4, 12% of zone 5a, 18% of zone 5b, and 7% of zone 6. Among these zones, zones 2 and 3 showed the highest and second-highest recurrence rates, respectively. CTV GFRU and CTV ESTRO completely covered zones 2 and 3, while CTV RTOG covered zone 2 completely and zone 3 partially. Zone 4, characterized by a low recurrence rate, was not covered by CTV GFRU and CTV ESTRO but was entirely covered by CTV RTOG. Zone 5a, with a recurrence rate of 12%, was completely covered by CTV RTOG but was partially covered by CTV GFRU and CTV ESTRO. The range of 1.3 cm in front of the posterior wall of the bladder covered all recurrences in zone 5a. Conclusions:For CTV delineation of the prostate cancer surgical bed, zone 4, the anterior half of the bladder above the pubic symphysis midpoint, should be contracted due to the low recurrence rate in this zone. In contrast, the anterior boundary above the pubic symphysis midpoint should extend to 1.3 cm in front of the posterior wall of the bladder to completely cover the recurrence zones.

Insomnia is a prevalent disorder characterized by difficulties in falling asleep or maintaining sleep.Chronic insomnia can severely impair physical and mental health,as well as quality of life.The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory,"all the eleven zang organs depend on the gallbladder,"is derived from the chapter of Discussion on Six-Plus-Six System and the Manifestations of Organs of Plain Questions.It highlights the pivotal role of the gallbladder in maintaining visceral function.The gallbladder governs decision-making and plays a central role in sleep regulation by modulating spleen-stomach transportation and transformation,dispersing qi movement throughout the body,harmonizing yin and yang,and modulating ying and wei systems.Research has demonstrated that bile acids correspond closely with the gallbladder's TCM functions of"governing the earth zang"and"regulating the eleven zang organs,"serving as a crucial material basis for gallbladder physiology.Dysregulation of bile acid metabolism may contribute to insomnia through multiple pathways,including gastrointestinal dysfunction,disruption of gut microbiota balance,induction of neuroinflammation,and circadian rhythm disturbances.This study proposes that bile acid metabolism disorder may constitute a key pathological mechanism linking gallbladder dysfunction—according to TCM theory—to insomnia.Based on clinical experience,novel therapeutic strategies are proposed under the framework of"regulating the gallbladder to tranquilize mind",including the use of gallbladder-related materials,prioritized application of liver-regulating herbs,and implementation of a sleep rhythm reconstruction protocol.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease（PD）. MethodsA total of 60 patients with PD were enrolled and randomly assigned to test group or control group， with 30 patients in each group. The control group received levodopa only， starting at 100 mg per dose， three times daily， with gradual increases not exceeding a maximum daily dose of 800 mg. The test group received acupuncture three times per week in addition to levodopa. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. Assessments were conducted before treatment， after 6 and 12 weeks treatment， using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale（UPDRS）， Wearing-Off Questionnaire-9（WOQ-9）， Montreal Cognitive Assessment（MoCA）， Mini-Mental State Examination（MMSE）， Depression Rating Scale（DRS）， Hamilton Depression Scale（HAMD）， Hamilton Anxiety Scale（HAMA）， PD Questionnaire-39（PDQ-39）， and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）. Repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to evaluate the effects of time， group， and their interaction on each index. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between combined treatment and outcome scores. Adverse events in both groups were recorded throughout the study. ResultsBoth groups showed significant improvements after 6 and 12 weeks treatment， with decreases in UPDRS total score， WOQ-9 total score， DRS score， HAMD score， HAMA score， PDQ-39 score， and PSQI score， and increases in MoCA and MMSE scores（P＜0.05）. Compared with the control group， the test group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in all the above indicators after 6 and 12 weeks （P＜0.05）. Repeated measures ANOVA showed significant time main effects， group main effects， and their interaction across all outcome measures（P＜0.01）. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that combined therapy was significantly negatively correlated with UPDRS， WOQ-9， DRS， HAMD， HAMA， PDQ-39， and PSQI scores， while positively correlated with MoCA and MMSE scores after 12 weeks of treatment（P＜0.05）. Both groups did not experience any serious adverse events and did not affect treatment. ConclusionAcupuncture combined with levodopa is more effective than levodopa alone in improving motor function， non-motor symptoms， cognitive function， depression and anxiety， quality of life， and sleep quality in patients with PD， with good safety.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) among adults in Yinchuan, focusing on its prevalence and associated risk factors in recent years.Methods:A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among adult residents in Yinchuan from June to October 2022, including three districts, two counties, and one city, to identify and analyze factors influencing the incidence of AR in the population.Results:A total of 3 345 individuals were surveyed, including 1 891 males (56.5%) and 1 454 females (43.5%). The overall AR prevalence was 17.2% (576/3 345). The self-reported prevalence was 16.2% (306/1 891) in males and 18.6% (270/1 454) in females, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=3.29, P=0.07). The prevalence was significantly lower among the elderly (aged over 60 years) at 11.8% (60/509) compared to the middle-aged (aged 40-59 years) at 17.1% (202/1 183) and young adults (aged 18-39 years) at 19.0% (314/1 653, χ2=10.36, P=0.023). Han nationality had the highest self-reported prevalence (18.8%, 446/2 372), followed by other ethnic minorities (17.6%, 13/74), and Hui nationality (13.0%, 117/899; χ2=11.21, P=0.004). Regionally, Xingqing District had the highest self-reported prevalence at (19.5%, 188/964), followed by Jinfeng District (18.7%, 151/808), Lingwu City (17.5%, 58/332), Xixia District (14.9%, 78/522), Yongning County (14.3%, 49/342), and Helan County (13.8%, 52/377; χ2=35.68, P=0.038). In terms of disease severity, mild cases made up 55.4% (319/576), while moderate to severe cases constituted 44.6% (257/576). In terms of symptom characteristics, perennial AR patients accounted for 18.8% (108/576), seasonal AR patients accounted for 81.2% (468/576), and 25.7% (148/576) of self-reported AR patients had other allergic diseases. Regarding diagnosis and treatment, 38.7% (223/576) of patients underwent allergen tests, 65.1% (375/576) received medication, but 62.3% (359/576) reported symptoms persisting for 2-year post-treatment, 32.6% (188/576) reported uncontrolled symptoms, and 5% (29/576) experienced symptoms worsening. Conclusions:The study provides a preliminary understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of AR in Yinchuan. These findings provide a reference for formulating relevant public health policies, clarifying prevention and treatment strategies, and improving the prevention and control system for AR.

Objective:To explore the optimization potential of clinical target volume (CTV) delineation proposed in the guidelines of the Oncology Group (RTOG), the Francophone Group of Urological Radiotherapy (GFRU), and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) based on prostate bed local occurrence patterns after radical prostatectomy identified using prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with local prostate bed recurrence after radical prostatectomy who underwent PSMA PET at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital from September 2021 to February 2024. The central point of each recurrence was marked. A six-zone method was established based on prostate bed anatomy and the characteristics of cross-sectional imaging. Then, the positional relationships (within or outside) were recorded with respect to recurrences and CTV defined by the RTOG, GFRU, and ESTRO (CTV RTOG, CTV GFRU, and CTV ESTRO), followed the analysis of the recurrence rates and distribution characteristics of various zones. Results:A total of 63 patients with prostate bed recurrence after radical prostatectomy were enrolled in this study, including 97 recurrences. The recurrence rates in the six zones were as follows: 10% of zone 1, 22% of zone 2, 29% of zone 3, 2% of zone 4, 12% of zone 5a, 18% of zone 5b, and 7% of zone 6. Among these zones, zones 2 and 3 showed the highest and second-highest recurrence rates, respectively. CTV GFRU and CTV ESTRO completely covered zones 2 and 3, while CTV RTOG covered zone 2 completely and zone 3 partially. Zone 4, characterized by a low recurrence rate, was not covered by CTV GFRU and CTV ESTRO but was entirely covered by CTV RTOG. Zone 5a, with a recurrence rate of 12%, was completely covered by CTV RTOG but was partially covered by CTV GFRU and CTV ESTRO. The range of 1.3 cm in front of the posterior wall of the bladder covered all recurrences in zone 5a. Conclusions:For CTV delineation of the prostate cancer surgical bed, zone 4, the anterior half of the bladder above the pubic symphysis midpoint, should be contracted due to the low recurrence rate in this zone. In contrast, the anterior boundary above the pubic symphysis midpoint should extend to 1.3 cm in front of the posterior wall of the bladder to completely cover the recurrence zones.

Insomnia is a prevalent disorder characterized by difficulties in falling asleep or maintaining sleep.Chronic insomnia can severely impair physical and mental health,as well as quality of life.The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory,"all the eleven zang organs depend on the gallbladder,"is derived from the chapter of Discussion on Six-Plus-Six System and the Manifestations of Organs of Plain Questions.It highlights the pivotal role of the gallbladder in maintaining visceral function.The gallbladder governs decision-making and plays a central role in sleep regulation by modulating spleen-stomach transportation and transformation,dispersing qi movement throughout the body,harmonizing yin and yang,and modulating ying and wei systems.Research has demonstrated that bile acids correspond closely with the gallbladder's TCM functions of"governing the earth zang"and"regulating the eleven zang organs,"serving as a crucial material basis for gallbladder physiology.Dysregulation of bile acid metabolism may contribute to insomnia through multiple pathways,including gastrointestinal dysfunction,disruption of gut microbiota balance,induction of neuroinflammation,and circadian rhythm disturbances.This study proposes that bile acid metabolism disorder may constitute a key pathological mechanism linking gallbladder dysfunction—according to TCM theory—to insomnia.Based on clinical experience,novel therapeutic strategies are proposed under the framework of"regulating the gallbladder to tranquilize mind",including the use of gallbladder-related materials,prioritized application of liver-regulating herbs,and implementation of a sleep rhythm reconstruction protocol.

Objective:To construct bacterial cytoplasmic membrane nanovesicles(BMV)with overexpressing programmed death 1(PD-1),denoted as BMV-PD-1 and evaluate the targeting efficacy of BMV-PD-1 towards transplanted lung tumor tissues in mice.Methods:The fusion plasmid ClyA-PD-1-EGFP fused by PD-1 and Cytolysin A(ClyA)was transferred into Escherichia coli BL21-Codonplus through plasmid transformation.Laser confocal microscopy,SDS-PAGE,and WB were used to detect the expression of the fusion protein ClyA-PD-1-EGFP.Bacterial membranes were extracted and processed with an extruder to generate BMV-PD-1.TEM and NTA were utilized to assess the morphology,size distribution,and zeta potential of BMV-PD-1,while WB was used to verify the presence of PD-1 protein.Laser confocal imaging was conducted to monitor the uptake of BMV-PD-1 by Lewis lung cancer cells.A C57BL/6J mouse subcutaneous transplant tumor model of LLC lung cancer cells was constructed,and the tumor targeting of BMV-PD-1 was evaluated by small animal imaging system.Results:Laser confocal microscopy images demonstrated that the plasmid ClyA-PD-1-EGFP was transferred into BL21-Codonplus and successfully expressed into protein.SDS-PAGE results suggested that ClyA-PD-1-EGFP was overexpressed in BL21-Codonplus.WB analysis indicated that PD-1 was expressed in bacteria and highly expressed in BMV-PD-1(P<0.001).NTA and TEM analyses revealed that BMV-PD-1 were spherical vesicles with a diameter of(145±14)nm and a negative surface charge.Laser confocal imaging showed that the high expression of PD-1 significantly increased the uptake of BMV-PD-1 by lung cancer cells(P<0.01).In vivo imaging of small animals further confirmed that the high expression of PD-1 can effectively improve cancer targeting of BMV-PD-1(P<0.01).Conclusion:In this study,bacterial plasma membrane nanovesicles BMV-PD-1 with high PD-1 expression are successfully constructed,and it is found that PD-1 overexpression markedly improve the mouse lung cancer xenograft tissue targeting specificity of BMV-PD-1,laying the groundwork for further development of BMV-PD-1 as a carrier for targeted drug delivery systems in tumors.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) among adults in Yinchuan, focusing on its prevalence and associated risk factors in recent years.Methods:A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among adult residents in Yinchuan from June to October 2022, including three districts, two counties, and one city, to identify and analyze factors influencing the incidence of AR in the population.Results:A total of 3 345 individuals were surveyed, including 1 891 males (56.5%) and 1 454 females (43.5%). The overall AR prevalence was 17.2% (576/3 345). The self-reported prevalence was 16.2% (306/1 891) in males and 18.6% (270/1 454) in females, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=3.29, P=0.07). The prevalence was significantly lower among the elderly (aged over 60 years) at 11.8% (60/509) compared to the middle-aged (aged 40-59 years) at 17.1% (202/1 183) and young adults (aged 18-39 years) at 19.0% (314/1 653, χ2=10.36, P=0.023). Han nationality had the highest self-reported prevalence (18.8%, 446/2 372), followed by other ethnic minorities (17.6%, 13/74), and Hui nationality (13.0%, 117/899; χ2=11.21, P=0.004). Regionally, Xingqing District had the highest self-reported prevalence at (19.5%, 188/964), followed by Jinfeng District (18.7%, 151/808), Lingwu City (17.5%, 58/332), Xixia District (14.9%, 78/522), Yongning County (14.3%, 49/342), and Helan County (13.8%, 52/377; χ2=35.68, P=0.038). In terms of disease severity, mild cases made up 55.4% (319/576), while moderate to severe cases constituted 44.6% (257/576). In terms of symptom characteristics, perennial AR patients accounted for 18.8% (108/576), seasonal AR patients accounted for 81.2% (468/576), and 25.7% (148/576) of self-reported AR patients had other allergic diseases. Regarding diagnosis and treatment, 38.7% (223/576) of patients underwent allergen tests, 65.1% (375/576) received medication, but 62.3% (359/576) reported symptoms persisting for 2-year post-treatment, 32.6% (188/576) reported uncontrolled symptoms, and 5% (29/576) experienced symptoms worsening. Conclusions:The study provides a preliminary understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of AR in Yinchuan. These findings provide a reference for formulating relevant public health policies, clarifying prevention and treatment strategies, and improving the prevention and control system for AR.

The occupational health issues of shift workers has received increasing attention in the field of occupational health, and discussed in this article through literature review on the health risks and management of shift work both domestically and internationally. Based on this, a series of impacts of shift work on the physiological and psychological health of workers, as well as their family and social life, are revealed. Combined with relatively mature regulations and policies in foreign countries, it is proposed that China should fully learn from the relevant experience of health management in shift work abroad, Strengthen research and explore effective management intervention measures to provide ideas for accelerating the development of scientifically feasible regulations and policies related to occupational health in shift work in China.

As an important force in promoting the transformation and upgrading of the national economy, the occupational health of the Internet industry's employees has received widespread attention. This paper examines the current situation of occupational health risks and management in the Internet industry at home and abroad, and on this basis reveals the physical and mental health problems of Internet industry employees. Combining the existing regulations, policies and standard documents at home and abroad, countermeasures are proposed to improve the relevant laws and regulations and their guidelines, implement relevant job design requirements, build a healthy working environment, optimise the work management system and carry out workplace health promotion, in order to provide ideas to accelerate the improvement of occupational health issues in the Internet industry.