Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors(PitNETs)are benign tumors originating from the pituitary gland.Although surgical and pharmacological treatments can achieve gross total resection of the tumor and restore endocrine function,patients often experience cognitive dysfunction and emotional regulation disorders,which can reduce their quality of life.Different types of PitNETs present with varying psychological and mental symptoms.For example,patients with prolactinomas,growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumors,and adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary tumors commonly experience cognitive impairment(e.g.,memory and executive function)and emotional dysregulation(e.g.,anxiety and depression).Patients with non-functioning PitNETs commonly experience headaches and visual disturbances due to the mass effect of the tumor.Additionally,some of these patients may also develop cognitive impairments.Future research should focus on elucidating the specific mechanisms by which PitNETs influence neuropsychological function,developing more precise bedside assessment tools,and exploring personalized intervention strategies to improve overall treatment outcomes and quality of life for these patients.

Objective To explore the value of ultrasound intelligent diagnostic system combined with mammography for differentiating benign and malignant non-mass breast lesions(NMBL).Methods Totally 107 patients with NMBL were retrospectively enrolled,including 64 cases of malignant(malignant group)and 43 cases of benign lesions(benign group).Clinical,routine ultrasound,ultrasound intelligent diagnostic system(artificial intelligence[AI]system)and mammography data were compared between groups.Logistic regression analysis was performed,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were drawn,the areas under the curves(AUC)were calculated,and the efficacy of AI system combined with mammography for differentiating benign and malignant NMBL was analyzed.Results Significant differences of the maximum diameter of lesion,ratio of axillary lymph node enlargement and suspected malignant calcification on mammography,as well as of AI system malignancy risk and AI system breast imaging reporting and data system(BI-RADS)classification were found between groups(all P＜0.05).AI system binary classification was obtained based on AI system malignancy risk.The AUC of suspected malignant calcification on mammography,AI system BI-RADS classification and AI system binary classification for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant NMBL was 0.840,0.810 and 0.817,respectively,while of suspected malignant calcification on mammography combined with AI system BI-RADS classification or AI system binary classification were both 0.856,higher than that of AI system BI-RADS classification/AI system binary classification alone(both P＜0.05)but not significantly different with that of suspected malignant calcification on mammography alone(both P＞0.05).Logistic regression analysis of age,the maximum diameter of lesion,axillary lymph node enlargement and suspected malignant calcification on mammography combined with AI system malignancy risk(model 1),AI system BI-RADS classification(model 2)or AI system binary classification(model 3)showed that suspected malignant calcification on mammography,AI system malignancy risk,AI system BI-RADS classification and AI system binary classification were all independent risk factors of malignant NMBL(all P＜0.05),and AUC of model 1,2 and 3 for differentiating benign and malignant NMBL was 0.966,0.964 and 0.957,respectively.Conclusion Ultrasound intelligent diagnostic system combined with mammography was helpful for differentiating benign and malignant NMBL.Combining with clinical indicators might improve diagnostic efficacy.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) among adults in Yinchuan, focusing on its prevalence and associated risk factors in recent years.Methods:A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among adult residents in Yinchuan from June to October 2022, including three districts, two counties, and one city, to identify and analyze factors influencing the incidence of AR in the population.Results:A total of 3 345 individuals were surveyed, including 1 891 males (56.5%) and 1 454 females (43.5%). The overall AR prevalence was 17.2% (576/3 345). The self-reported prevalence was 16.2% (306/1 891) in males and 18.6% (270/1 454) in females, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=3.29, P=0.07). The prevalence was significantly lower among the elderly (aged over 60 years) at 11.8% (60/509) compared to the middle-aged (aged 40-59 years) at 17.1% (202/1 183) and young adults (aged 18-39 years) at 19.0% (314/1 653, χ2=10.36, P=0.023). Han nationality had the highest self-reported prevalence (18.8%, 446/2 372), followed by other ethnic minorities (17.6%, 13/74), and Hui nationality (13.0%, 117/899; χ2=11.21, P=0.004). Regionally, Xingqing District had the highest self-reported prevalence at (19.5%, 188/964), followed by Jinfeng District (18.7%, 151/808), Lingwu City (17.5%, 58/332), Xixia District (14.9%, 78/522), Yongning County (14.3%, 49/342), and Helan County (13.8%, 52/377; χ2=35.68, P=0.038). In terms of disease severity, mild cases made up 55.4% (319/576), while moderate to severe cases constituted 44.6% (257/576). In terms of symptom characteristics, perennial AR patients accounted for 18.8% (108/576), seasonal AR patients accounted for 81.2% (468/576), and 25.7% (148/576) of self-reported AR patients had other allergic diseases. Regarding diagnosis and treatment, 38.7% (223/576) of patients underwent allergen tests, 65.1% (375/576) received medication, but 62.3% (359/576) reported symptoms persisting for 2-year post-treatment, 32.6% (188/576) reported uncontrolled symptoms, and 5% (29/576) experienced symptoms worsening. Conclusions:The study provides a preliminary understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of AR in Yinchuan. These findings provide a reference for formulating relevant public health policies, clarifying prevention and treatment strategies, and improving the prevention and control system for AR.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant hematologic disorder caused by abnormal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells. In recent years, while the application of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has significantly improved the prognosis of CML patients through in-depth exploration of pathogenesis of CML and advancements in targeted therapies, some patients still face challenges including drug resistance, disease relapse, and failure to achieve treatment-free remission. Imunotherapy, as a complementary or alternative strategy, holds significant potential for overcoming these limitations, and has gradually emerged as a critical research focus in CML treatment. This review aims to summarize the current research status and latest advances in immunotherapy for CML.

Through analyzing the every textual research literature on the origin of the location method of ashi points, it is pointed out that the location method of ashi points has been generalized. It is known through systematic research and theoretical identification that this method refers to the simple way to locate the points, originated from the folk, and it is widely used to find the sites for pain relief when compared to the official education of meridians and acupoints, as well as treatment. At the time with the shortage of medical services and supplies, the poor people had no alternative, which results in a certain limitation. Modern acupuncture practitioners must associate ashi points with the acupoints of fourteen meridians and the extraordinary points in clinical practice, and deepen the exploration with modern medical knowledge and technology adopted.
Humans ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Meridians ; History, Ancient ; Medicine in Literature ; China

Objective To investigate the mechanisms by which miR-23 regulates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to influence myocardial remodeling,fibrosis,and angiogenesis in hypertensive heart failure(HF)rats.Methods Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=10 per group):a control group,a model group,an antagomir-NC group,and an antagomir-23 group.The HF model was established using a high-salt diet,and intervention was performed via tail vein injection of antagomir-23.Cardiac function parameters,the degree of myocardial fibrosis,cell apoptosis levels,and the expression of angiogenesis-related proteins including CD31,VEGF,and bFGF were measured in each group.Concurrently,the activity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was assessed.A dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm that miR-23 targets PI3K.Results Inhibition of miR-23 significantly improved cardiac function in hypertensive HF rats,reduced myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis,and enhanced the expression of CD31,VEGF,bFGF,and activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in hypertensive HF rats(all P<0.05).The dual-luciferase assay confirmed that miR-23 negatively regulates PI3K expression.Conclusion Inhibition of miR-23 can activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,promote angiogenesis,reduce myocardial damage,thereby delaying the progression of hypertensive heart failure.

OBJECTIVE To establish standardized operating procedures,result interpretation guidelines,and clinical application protocols for dust mite-nasal allergen challenge(NAC),and to systematically evaluate its operational reliability and safety.METHODS Patients with positive serum-specific IgE(sIgE)against mites and healthy controls were enrolled between January 2023 and December 2024.Demographic and clinical information was systematically collected.A standardized mite allergen extract was utilized to prepare the challenge solution for all participants.Bilateral synchronous nasal spray challenges were conducted using progressively increasing concentrations(1 000,3 000,10 000,and 30 000 BU/ml).During the challenge,total nasal symptom scores,visual analogue scale,acoustic rhinometry,active anterior rhinomanometry,and four-phase rhinomanometry were assessed,and all evaluation data and diagnostic outcomes were documented accordingly.RESULTS Compared to the baseline measurements,both subjective symptom scores and objective evaluation indicators in patients demonstrated statistically significant changes following NAC(P≤0.001).Among these patients,40 individuals(81.6%)exhibited a positive response to the dust mite-NAC.All healthy control subjects showed negative results in the test.CONCLUSION This study established standardized operating procedures and clinical application guidelines for the dust mite-NAC.These encompass indications,contraindications,preparation of stimulation solutions,procedural steps,operational standards,criteria for positive results,and pre-/post-examination precautions,thereby providing a clinically actionable framework for dust mite-NAC implementation.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease（PD）. MethodsA total of 60 patients with PD were enrolled and randomly assigned to test group or control group， with 30 patients in each group. The control group received levodopa only， starting at 100 mg per dose， three times daily， with gradual increases not exceeding a maximum daily dose of 800 mg. The test group received acupuncture three times per week in addition to levodopa. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. Assessments were conducted before treatment， after 6 and 12 weeks treatment， using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale（UPDRS）， Wearing-Off Questionnaire-9（WOQ-9）， Montreal Cognitive Assessment（MoCA）， Mini-Mental State Examination（MMSE）， Depression Rating Scale（DRS）， Hamilton Depression Scale（HAMD）， Hamilton Anxiety Scale（HAMA）， PD Questionnaire-39（PDQ-39）， and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（PSQI）. Repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to evaluate the effects of time， group， and their interaction on each index. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between combined treatment and outcome scores. Adverse events in both groups were recorded throughout the study. ResultsBoth groups showed significant improvements after 6 and 12 weeks treatment， with decreases in UPDRS total score， WOQ-9 total score， DRS score， HAMD score， HAMA score， PDQ-39 score， and PSQI score， and increases in MoCA and MMSE scores（P＜0.05）. Compared with the control group， the test group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in all the above indicators after 6 and 12 weeks （P＜0.05）. Repeated measures ANOVA showed significant time main effects， group main effects， and their interaction across all outcome measures（P＜0.01）. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that combined therapy was significantly negatively correlated with UPDRS， WOQ-9， DRS， HAMD， HAMA， PDQ-39， and PSQI scores， while positively correlated with MoCA and MMSE scores after 12 weeks of treatment（P＜0.05）. Both groups did not experience any serious adverse events and did not affect treatment. ConclusionAcupuncture combined with levodopa is more effective than levodopa alone in improving motor function， non-motor symptoms， cognitive function， depression and anxiety， quality of life， and sleep quality in patients with PD， with good safety.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy(DCAN)secondary to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 63 T2DM patients admitted to Department of Endocrinology in our hospital from Nov.1,2022 to Nov.30,2023 were enrolled.All patients were examined by cardiovascular autonomic nervous system.According to the results,they were assigned to DCAN group or non-DCAN group.Baseline data and laboratory parameters were recorded for each group.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of DCAN secondary to T2DM,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to study the predictive value of the influencing factors on DCAN.Results There were 32(50.79％)patients in the DCAN group and 31(49.21％)patients in the non-DCAN group.The mean age of the patients was significantly older in the DCAN group than in the non-DCAN group(P=0.002).Logistic regression analysis showed that age was a risk factor for DCAN secondary to T2DM(odds ratio=1.095,95％confidence interval 1.029-1.166,P=0.04).The ROC curve showed that the area under curve value of age predicting DCAN was 0.718,and the best diagnostic value was 58.5 years old,with a sensitivity of 0.719 and a specificity of 0.645.Conclusion Age is a risk factor for DCAN secondary to T2DM,and an increase in age leads to a higher positive rate of DCAN.

Objective To explore the value of ultrasound intelligent diagnostic system combined with mammography for differentiating benign and malignant non-mass breast lesions(NMBL).Methods Totally 107 patients with NMBL were retrospectively enrolled,including 64 cases of malignant(malignant group)and 43 cases of benign lesions(benign group).Clinical,routine ultrasound,ultrasound intelligent diagnostic system(artificial intelligence[AI]system)and mammography data were compared between groups.Logistic regression analysis was performed,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were drawn,the areas under the curves(AUC)were calculated,and the efficacy of AI system combined with mammography for differentiating benign and malignant NMBL was analyzed.Results Significant differences of the maximum diameter of lesion,ratio of axillary lymph node enlargement and suspected malignant calcification on mammography,as well as of AI system malignancy risk and AI system breast imaging reporting and data system(BI-RADS)classification were found between groups(all P＜0.05).AI system binary classification was obtained based on AI system malignancy risk.The AUC of suspected malignant calcification on mammography,AI system BI-RADS classification and AI system binary classification for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant NMBL was 0.840,0.810 and 0.817,respectively,while of suspected malignant calcification on mammography combined with AI system BI-RADS classification or AI system binary classification were both 0.856,higher than that of AI system BI-RADS classification/AI system binary classification alone(both P＜0.05)but not significantly different with that of suspected malignant calcification on mammography alone(both P＞0.05).Logistic regression analysis of age,the maximum diameter of lesion,axillary lymph node enlargement and suspected malignant calcification on mammography combined with AI system malignancy risk(model 1),AI system BI-RADS classification(model 2)or AI system binary classification(model 3)showed that suspected malignant calcification on mammography,AI system malignancy risk,AI system BI-RADS classification and AI system binary classification were all independent risk factors of malignant NMBL(all P＜0.05),and AUC of model 1,2 and 3 for differentiating benign and malignant NMBL was 0.966,0.964 and 0.957,respectively.Conclusion Ultrasound intelligent diagnostic system combined with mammography was helpful for differentiating benign and malignant NMBL.Combining with clinical indicators might improve diagnostic efficacy.