Objective: To explore the longitudinal associations between dietary macronutrients and lung function in schoolaged children, so as to provide the nutritional research evidence for promoting children s lung health. Methods: In November 2021, two primary schools located in Chengdu, Sichuan Province were selected from the Southwest China Childhood Nutrition and Growth (SCCNG) cohort by a stratified cluster random sampling method, enrolling a total of 1 112 school aged children aged 8 to 13 years. At baseline, the dietary and sociodemographic characteristics of the children were assessed. One year later, the forced vital capacity (FVC) of the children was measured and converted into Z scores (FVC- Z ), while the vital capacity index (VCI) was also calculated. Generalized linear regression analysis was employed to examine the associations between dietary macronutrients and lung function, considering interactions with gender and age, followed by stratified analysis. Results: After adjusting for confounding factors, the analysis results of the generalized linear regression model showed that the carbohydrate energy ratio was negatively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =-0.02) and VCI ( β =-0.16), while the fat energy ratio showed a positive correlation with FVC- Z ( β =0.03) and VCI ( β =0.23) ( P <0.05). The protein energy ratio was positively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =0.09) and VCI ( β =0.60) specifically in girls ( P <0.05). Additionally, there was an interaction effect of age on the associations between macronutrients and lung function ( P <0.01); in children aged 8-9 and 10-11, the carbohydrate energy supply ratio was negatively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =-0.04, -0.03) and VCI ( β =-0.29, -0.21), and fat energy supply ratio was positively correlated with FVC- Z ( β =0.07, 0.05) and VCI ( β =0.46, 0.32) ( P <0.05). Conclusions There are age and sex differences in the association of dietary macronutrients with lung function, with a low carbohydrate, high fat diet promoting lung function in children. Additionally, protein intake appears to have a positive influence on the lung function of girls. The early school age period may represent a critical window for dietary interventions aimed at promoting lung health.

The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents in China is rising at an alarming rate,with projections indicating that the national obesity rate will reach 15.1%by 2030.This trend not only affects physical development during childhood and adolescence but also has long-term implications for adult health outcomes.In response,the Chinese government has prioritized improving nutrition and preventing chronic diseases among children and adolescents.Facing this public health challenge,governments at all levels have implemented measures such as disseminating knowledge and skills for preventing overweight and obesity and improving sports facilities to foster a supportive environment conducive to the prevention of overweight and obesity.Schools contribute by improving food offerings and ensuring adequate time for physical activity when children attend school.Families play a critical role,with parents and caregivers guiding children toward healthy eating habits and monitoring their growth and weight.Children and adolescents are encouraged to adopt balanced diets,actively participate in physical exercise,and maintain psychological well-being to develop a positive and healthy mindset that supports their growth and long-term health.Despite these efforts,challenges persist,including unequal access to health resources and increasingly obesogenic environments.Future efforts should focus on utilizing digital technologies to develop precision intervention instruments and on formulating integrated strategies that engage society,schools,families,and individuals through policy guidance.Such comprehensive approaches aim to reduce the risks of obesity and its complications,enhance physical and mental health,and reduce healthcare and socioeconomic burdens.

Objective: To explore the differences in the gut microbiota of primary school students with different levels of sugar sweetened beverage intake, so as to provide scientific evidence for better identification of health risks in children and the development of targeted health policies. Methods: In June 2022, a total of 192 healthy primary school students from Chengdu were selected using a stratified cluster random sampling method. The sugar sweetened beverage intake was assessed through a dietary frequency questionnaire. Based on the median daily sugar sweetened beverage intake, primary school students were categorized into a low intake group ( n =96) and a high intake group ( n =96). The gut microbiota in fresh fecal samples from the two groups of primary school students was analyzed using 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing, and the diversity and community structure differences in the gut microbiota were compared. Results: Children in the low intake group had a sugar sweetened beverage intake of (21.3±1.6) mL/d, while the high intake group had an intake of (269.6±37.3) mL/d. Diversity analysis results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the low intake and the high intake group in terms of α diversity metrics: Observed_otus index [298.50 (259.75, 342.25), 305.50 (244.25, 367.75)], Goods_coverage index [1.00 (1.00, 1.00), 1.00 (1.00, 1.00)], Chao index [304.18 (260.75, 348.78), 305.88 (245.68, 370.88)], Shannon index [5.88 (5.29, 6.45), 5.71 (4.89, 6.28)] and Simpson index [0.95 (0.91, 0.97), 0.94 (0.88, 0.97)] ( Z =-0.64, -0.76, -0.54, -1.76, -1.67, P >0.05). Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was observed in β diversity between the two groups ( R 2=0.006, P >0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Blautia [0.033 (0.018, 0.055)] and Fusicatenibacter [0.009 (0.005, 0.015)] were higher in the low intake group compared to the high intake group [0.024 (0.013, 0.041),0.006 (0.003, 0.011)]and differences were statistically significant ( Z =-2.52, -2.81, P <0.05). LEfSe analysis highlighted intergroup differences primarily in Blautia, Fusicatenibacter and Sarcina( LDA= 3.56,3.12,3.53, P <0.05). Conclusions There is no significant difference in the diversity and overall structure of the gut microbiota in primary school students with different levels of sugar sweetened beverage intake. However, there are species variations at the genus level. The information can serve as a scientific basis for identifying health risks in primary school students and formulating targeted health strategies.

Objective To investigate the effect of overexpression of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2T(UBE2T)on radiosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Hepa1-6 cells were transfected with a UBE2T-overexpressing or a control lentiviral vector,and the changes in their radiotherapy sensitivity and concentrations of glucose and lactate in the supernatant were assessed using colony-forming assay and colorimetric assay.The transfected cells were inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice or C57BL/6 mice,and tumor growth following irradiation were recorded.The xenografts were collected for analyzing infiltration of CD4+T cells and regulatory T cells(Tregs)using flow cytometry and detecting expressions of HK1 and LDHA using Western blotting.The correlations of UBE2T expression with immune cell infiltration,glycolysis and Tregs in HCC were analyzed using CIBERSORT algorithm and TCGA database,and the results were verified in a co-culture system of Hepa1-6 cells and Tregs.Results UBE2T overexpression caused radiotherapy resistance in both cultured Hepa1-6 cells and xenografts in the tumor-bearing mouse models(especially in C57BL/6 mice).CIBERSORT analysis suggested that a high expression of UBE2T was associated with increased percentages of dendritic cells,T follicular helper cells,M2 macrophages,monocytes,lymphocytes and Tregs in HCC.The UBE2T-overexpressing xenografts showed an increased percentage of Tregs and enhanced expressions of HK1 and LDHA,and irradiation increased infiltration of CD4+T cells and Tregs in the tumor microenvironment.Hepa1-6 cells overexpressing UBE2T showed a decreased glucose concentration and an increased lactate concentration.GSEA analysis suggested that a high UBE2T expression was positively correlated with increased glycolysis and Tregs infiltration in HCC.In the cell co-culture system,UBE2T overexpression significantly enhanced lactate production,proliferation and immunosuppressive functions of Tregs.Conclusion A high UBE2T expression results in radiotherapy resistance of HCC possibly by enhancing glycolysis and cause enrichment of Tregs in the tumor microenvironment.

Objective To investigate the effect of overexpression of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2T(UBE2T)on radiosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Hepa1-6 cells were transfected with a UBE2T-overexpressing or a control lentiviral vector,and the changes in their radiotherapy sensitivity and concentrations of glucose and lactate in the supernatant were assessed using colony-forming assay and colorimetric assay.The transfected cells were inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice or C57BL/6 mice,and tumor growth following irradiation were recorded.The xenografts were collected for analyzing infiltration of CD4+T cells and regulatory T cells(Tregs)using flow cytometry and detecting expressions of HK1 and LDHA using Western blotting.The correlations of UBE2T expression with immune cell infiltration,glycolysis and Tregs in HCC were analyzed using CIBERSORT algorithm and TCGA database,and the results were verified in a co-culture system of Hepa1-6 cells and Tregs.Results UBE2T overexpression caused radiotherapy resistance in both cultured Hepa1-6 cells and xenografts in the tumor-bearing mouse models(especially in C57BL/6 mice).CIBERSORT analysis suggested that a high expression of UBE2T was associated with increased percentages of dendritic cells,T follicular helper cells,M2 macrophages,monocytes,lymphocytes and Tregs in HCC.The UBE2T-overexpressing xenografts showed an increased percentage of Tregs and enhanced expressions of HK1 and LDHA,and irradiation increased infiltration of CD4+T cells and Tregs in the tumor microenvironment.Hepa1-6 cells overexpressing UBE2T showed a decreased glucose concentration and an increased lactate concentration.GSEA analysis suggested that a high UBE2T expression was positively correlated with increased glycolysis and Tregs infiltration in HCC.In the cell co-culture system,UBE2T overexpression significantly enhanced lactate production,proliferation and immunosuppressive functions of Tregs.Conclusion A high UBE2T expression results in radiotherapy resistance of HCC possibly by enhancing glycolysis and cause enrichment of Tregs in the tumor microenvironment.

Animals ; Rats ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology* ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; PC12 Cells ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides/pharmacology* ; Apoptosis ; Cell Survival ; Peptide Fragments

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Butyrates ; Ligands ; Glucose ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism* ; Glycogen Synthase Kinases/metabolism* ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Phosphorylation

Humans ; Transcriptome/genetics* ; East Asian People ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics*

Background::Studies suggest seasonal fluctuations of symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients in Western countries. However, the association between seasonal change and variation in nonmotor symptoms (NMS) in Chinese PD patients is unclear. Here, we studied whether there is a change rule with annual cycle with severity of NMS for patients with PD in Southeast China.Methods::We studied 1005 PD patients between April 2008 and October 2020. Patients were classified into four seasons according to the 24 Chinese solar terms, based on assessment date. We compared comprehensive NMS scales and polysomnography parameters among groups and conducted further analysis of disease severity.Results::Among the 1005 patients studied, the mean age was 64.2 ± 9.7 years and 569 (56.6%) of them were men. Relative to the summer group, patients assessed during winter had higher Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s disease-Autonomic Dysfunction (SCOPA-AUT) scores ( P = 0.045). The sleep efficiency factor scores of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in patients were higher during spring than summer ( P = 0.009). Among patients who completed polysomnography during the same period ( n = 135), compared with summer follow-ups, we observed a higher percentage of NREMS1 in winter and spring follow-ups ( P = 0.042, P = 0.011), a higher NREMS1 time in spring follow-ups ( P = 0.0024), a lower NREMS2 time in winter follow-ups ( P = 0.007), and a higher percentage of phasic rapid eye movement (REM)-sleep without atonia in autumn and winter follow-ups ( P = 0.026 and P = 0.020, respectively). In a subset of patients with PD and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD; n = 182), those visited during winter had higher scores for RBD questionnaire-Hong Kong and its factor 1 (dream-related sub-score) than those visited during summer ( P = 0.034, P = 0.020). We observed similar findings for SCOPA-AUT and sleep efficiency factor scores in early stage patients in subgroup analysis. Conclusions::PD patients assessed for follow-up during summer showed less severe symptoms of autonomic dysfunction and RBD symptoms than those assessed in winter, and less sleep disturbance than those in spring and winter, suggesting that seasonal change and NMS fluctuation are related, especially in patients with early stage PD.

Objective: To explore the prospective effect of dietary intake of total fat and fatty acids on menarcheal timing among girls,and to provide a theoretical basis for preventing the early puberty development of Chinese children. Methods: Using the data from 1997-2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), 1 240 girls aged 6-13 with menarche information, baseline dietary survey data and at least one follow up assessment were selected. Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the prospective effect of dietary intake of total fat and fatty acids before menarche on age at menarche. Results: The mean baseline age of the participants was (8.3±1.8). After adjustment for year of birth, residence, household income, dietary energy intake and body mass index Z score at baseline, girls in the highest quartile of intake of total fat and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) had a 30% and 34% higher probability of experiencing menarche at an earlier age than those in the lowest quartile [ HR(HR 95%CI )=1.30 (1.01~1.68)，1.34(1.05~1.70)]. After adjusting for the confounders, there were no correlations between the intake of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and the onset of menarche [ HR(HR 95%CI )=1.24(0.98~1.58),1.25(0.97~ 1.62 )]( P >0.05). Conclusion Higher dietary intake of total fat and PUFA before menarche may lead to earlier age at menarche and no correlation between intake of SFA and MUFA before menarche with age at menarche is found among Chinese girls.