Objective To investigate the value of a combined model incorporating clinical parameters,conventional metabolic pa-rameters of 18F-PSMA PET/CT,and radiomics features in the early prediction of clinically significant prostate cancer(csPCa).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 124 patients who underwent 18 F-PSMA PET/CT and had complete pathological da-ta at the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University or Gansu Provincial People's Hospital.A total of 96 patients from Gansu Provincial Peo-ple's Hospital were randomly divided into a training set and an internal validation set at a 7∶3 ratio,while 28 patients from the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University served as an external validation set.In the training set,clinical parameters and radiomics features were i-dentified through Pearson correlation analysis and optimized using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)combined with 10-fold cross-validation.Logistic regression was applied to develop separate clinical PET,radiomics,and combined models.Mod-el performance was assessed through receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis and calibration curves to evaluate predictive accuracy,decision curve analysis(DCA)to assess clinical utility.Results Three clinical and conventional PET parameters and five ra-diomics features were selected to construct the clinical PET model,radiomics model,and combined model.ROC analysis showed that all three models exhibited good predictive performance,with the combined model achieving the highest performance in the training,internal validation,and external validation sets(AUC were 0.973,0.933,and 0.813,respectively).Calibration curves and DCA indicated that the combined model demonstrated strong generalizability and predictive stability across all datasets.Conclusion The combined model in-corporating clinical parameters,conventional metabolic parameters of 18F-PSMA PET/CT,and radiomics features shows good value in the early prediction of csPCa.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the value of PET/CT radiomics combined with machine learning in differentia-ting primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL)from brain metastases(BM).Methods Sixty-nine patients with 127 lesions(including 43 PCNSL lesions and 84 BM lesions)who attended the Department of Nuclear Medicine of Lanzhou University Second Hospi-tal from January 2019 to November 2024 were selected and divided into a training set(n=88)and a validation set(n=39)in a 7∶3 rati-o.Radiomics features of PET and CT were extracted using the 3D slicer,and feature dimensionality reduction was performed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression combined with 5-fold cross-validation to construct three classical machine learning models-Logistic regression(LR),decision tree(DT),and support vector machine(SVM),and the diagnostic efficacy of each model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and confusion matrices.Results The SVM model based on PET imaging performed best in the validation set[area under the curve(AUC)=0.917,sensitivity=84.6％,specificity=92.3％]and was significantly better than the CT model(AUC=0.787,sensitivity=73.1％,specificity=76.9％).Conclusion The support vector machine model constructed based on PET radiomics metabolic features demonstrated high diagnostic value in the preoperative differentia-tion between PCNSL and BM,showing potential for clinical application as a non-invasive auxiliary diagnostic tool.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a series of perioperative optimization measures based on evidence-based medicine aimed at achieving rapid recovery. Existing studies have shown that ERAS can effectively reduce surgical stress, decrease the incidence of complications, shorten hospital stays, save medical costs, and improve patient satisfaction. Although lung transplantation techniques have become increasingly mature, lung transplant recipients still have a high incidence of complications during perioperative period. To further improve the perioperative survival rate of lung transplant recipients, introducing ERAS concept into the perioperative management strategy of lung transplantation is of great significance for reducing incidence of perioperative complications, promoting rapid recovery and long-term survival of lung transplant recipients. This article discusses the advances in application of ERAS concept in the perioperative management of lung transplantation, aiming to provide references for optimizing the perioperative management of lung transplant recipients and reducing perioperative complications.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the value of PET/CT radiomics combined with machine learning in differentia-ting primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL)from brain metastases(BM).Methods Sixty-nine patients with 127 lesions(including 43 PCNSL lesions and 84 BM lesions)who attended the Department of Nuclear Medicine of Lanzhou University Second Hospi-tal from January 2019 to November 2024 were selected and divided into a training set(n=88)and a validation set(n=39)in a 7∶3 rati-o.Radiomics features of PET and CT were extracted using the 3D slicer,and feature dimensionality reduction was performed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression combined with 5-fold cross-validation to construct three classical machine learning models-Logistic regression(LR),decision tree(DT),and support vector machine(SVM),and the diagnostic efficacy of each model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and confusion matrices.Results The SVM model based on PET imaging performed best in the validation set[area under the curve(AUC)=0.917,sensitivity=84.6％,specificity=92.3％]and was significantly better than the CT model(AUC=0.787,sensitivity=73.1％,specificity=76.9％).Conclusion The support vector machine model constructed based on PET radiomics metabolic features demonstrated high diagnostic value in the preoperative differentia-tion between PCNSL and BM,showing potential for clinical application as a non-invasive auxiliary diagnostic tool.

Objective To investigate the value of a combined model incorporating clinical parameters,conventional metabolic pa-rameters of 18F-PSMA PET/CT,and radiomics features in the early prediction of clinically significant prostate cancer(csPCa).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 124 patients who underwent 18 F-PSMA PET/CT and had complete pathological da-ta at the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University or Gansu Provincial People's Hospital.A total of 96 patients from Gansu Provincial Peo-ple's Hospital were randomly divided into a training set and an internal validation set at a 7∶3 ratio,while 28 patients from the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University served as an external validation set.In the training set,clinical parameters and radiomics features were i-dentified through Pearson correlation analysis and optimized using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)combined with 10-fold cross-validation.Logistic regression was applied to develop separate clinical PET,radiomics,and combined models.Mod-el performance was assessed through receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis and calibration curves to evaluate predictive accuracy,decision curve analysis(DCA)to assess clinical utility.Results Three clinical and conventional PET parameters and five ra-diomics features were selected to construct the clinical PET model,radiomics model,and combined model.ROC analysis showed that all three models exhibited good predictive performance,with the combined model achieving the highest performance in the training,internal validation,and external validation sets(AUC were 0.973,0.933,and 0.813,respectively).Calibration curves and DCA indicated that the combined model demonstrated strong generalizability and predictive stability across all datasets.Conclusion The combined model in-corporating clinical parameters,conventional metabolic parameters of 18F-PSMA PET/CT,and radiomics features shows good value in the early prediction of csPCa.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a group of dementia diseases mainly characterized by progressive mental-behavioral abnormalities, executive dysfunction, and language impairment. A small number of FTD patients also present with movement disorders at certain disease course. Here the clinical and multimodal positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging manifestations in a patient with frontotemporal lobe dementia and parkinsonian syndrome are reported. 18F-fluorodopa PET showed reduced uptake in the head of the caudate nucleus. 18F-AV-45 PET showed negative amyloid deposition. 18F-AV-1451 PET showed tau deposition in the neocortex. The clinical and neuroimaging features support the underlying frontotemporal lobar degeneration-tau pathology.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently used in the treatment of various tumors and play an important role in tumor treatment, resulting in many adverse reactions related to the immune system. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a rare endocrine system complication, which is rarely reported at present. We report a case of T1DM after using ICIs to treat gastric cancer. The patient was a 34 year old male who developed diabetes ketoacidosis after 206 days of sintilimab monoclonal antibody use, with fasting blood glucose of 15.78 mmol/L and glycosylated hemoglobin of 8.6%. Islet related antibody: Glutamate decarboxylase antibody: 119.2 IU/mL; Insulin antibody:<2 IU/L. Fasting insulin: 0.21 mU/L; Fasting C-peptide: 0.12 μg/L. Through the analysis of patients' clinical data, it aims to improve clinicians' understanding of immune related type 1 diabetes and provide ideas for correct diagnosis and treatment.

Delayed diabetic wound healing has placed an enormous burden on society. The key factors limiting wound healing include unresolved inflammation and impaired angiogenesis. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel, a popular biomaterial in the field of regeneration, has limited applications due to its non-injectable properties and rapid release and degradation of growth factors. Here, we prepared an injectable hydrogel (DPLG) based on PRP and laponite by a simple one-step mixing method. Taking advantages of the non-covalent interactions, DPLG could overcome the limitations of PRP gels, which is injectable to fill irregular injures and could serve as a local drug reservoir to achieve the sustained release of growth factors in PRP and deferoxamine (an angiogenesis promoter). DPLG has an excellent ability in accelerating wound healing by promoting macrophage polarization and angiogenesis in a full-thickness skin defect model in type I diabetic rats and normal rats. Taken together, this study may provide the ingenious and simple bioactive wound dressing with a superior ability to promote wound healing.

Objective:To understand the research progresses of economic evaluation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) both at home and abroad, and provide reference for economic evaluation of NPIs using real-world data in China.Methods:The literature retrieval was conducted by searching Chinese and English databases to indude papers about economic evaluation of NPIs and integrated NPIs published from January, 2020 to December, 2021, and the results were analyzed comprehensively.Results:A total of 30 Chinese and English literatures about economic evaluation of NPIs for COVID-19 prevention and control were included; including 7 papers about nucleic acid and testing and screening, 6 papers about individual prevention and protection measures, 12 papers about integrated implementation of individual prevention and protection, social distancing, nucleic acid or antigen testing, community screening and symptom screening, as well as close contact tracing and isolation/quarantine, and 5 papers about contain strategies, such as lockdown. This study found that personal protection, social distancing, and testing-tracing-isolation measures were cost-effective; however, different combinations of NPIs might lead to different results. Moreover, the cost of lockdown was high, which might cause huge economic burden.Conclusions:Most NPIs are cost-effective except lockdown, while the cost-effectiveness of the integrations of NPIs at different levels and in different scenarios needs to be further evaluated. It is necessary to carry out economic evaluation of integrated NPIs and the combination of NPIs with other interventions, such as vaccination and medication, based on real-world settings in China.

Objective:To explore the clinical features and treatment efficiencies of pediatric giant posterior fossa tumors.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed. The clinical data of 18 children with giant posterior fossa tumors, whose maximum diameter of any section was over 5 cm, admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to June 2020, were collected. The surgical treatment results were analyzed.Results:The tumor volume of 18 children was (63.9±20.7) mL (33.2-116.2 mL). Sixteen children had different degrees of preoperative obstructive hydrocephalus; ommaya capsule implantation was performed in 2, ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed in one, and external ventricular drainage was performed in one before surgery; intraoperative external ventricle drainage was performed in 5; and the left 7 had postoperative self-healing. Tumor resection was performed in 17 children, including 10 with total resection and 7 with subtotal resection. The postoperative pathological results indicated medulloblastoma in 10 patients, ependymoma in 3 patients, pilocytic astrocytoma in 2 patients, oligodendroglioma in 1 patient, and yolk sac tumor in 1 patient;12 patients were treated with chemotherapy and 9 with radiotherapy. Postoperative persistent hydrocephalus was noted in 2 patients, cerebellar mutism in 2 patients, and subarachnoid hemorrhage combined with ventricular hematocele in 1 patient. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 67 months: 13 children survived for more than one year (10 lived without tumor recurrence); 8 of the 10 patients with total tumor resection had progression-free survival for more than 1 year (the other 2 patients were lost of follow-up), while 3 of the 7 patients with subtotal resection had progression-free survival for more than 1 year.Conclusion:Pediatric giant posterior fossa tumors have high complication rate, high recurrence rate and poor prognosis; symptomatic treatment, total resection of the tumors, and adjuvant radiotherapy/ chemotherapy are effective treatment methods.