Background::The ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints, yet its prognostic validity in high-risk populations and for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related adverse events remains unestablished.Methods::This study included 32,609 people aged 35-75 years in Fujian Province, China, who were at high risk for CVD. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality during follow-up. Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were used to evaluate the correlation between the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio and the endpoints.Result::On the basis of the restricted RCS curve, the participants were classified as having a low (< 0.3), middle (0.3-0.5), or high (> 0.5) HDL-C/LDL-C ratio. Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that the risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.14-1.93, p < 0.01 for low; HR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.06-1.58, p < 0.05 for high) was increased in the low and high groups. Participants without T2DM who were at high risk for CVD had similar prognoses (HR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.19-2.28, p < 0.01 for low; HR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.05-1.74, p < 0.01 for high). However, this association was not found in participants with T2DM who were at high risk for CVD. Conclusion::HDL-C/LDL-C can be used to predict the prognosis of individuals at high risk for CVD, and maintaining HDL-C/LDL-C ratios between 0.3 and 0.5 may be the most helpful range for this population. Furthermore, maintaining this ratio range holds clinical significance for cohorts without T2DM, although further exploration is needed in this T2DM cohort.

Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic,progressive inflammatory bowel disease associated with an increased risk of color-ectal cancer.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been increasingly utilized in the treatment of UC,and its thera-peutic efficacy has gained widespread recognition.Nevertheless,several challenges remain in optimizing TCM's role in UC manage-ment,which hinder the full realization of its potential benefits.This paper reviews the current status of TCM in treating UC,identifies existing challenges,and proposes targeted strategies to promote the advancement of TCM in this field.

This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves(TFHL)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammatory injury in rat intestinal epithelial(IEC-6)cells,as well as the underlying mechanisms.An in vitro inflam-mation model was first established by treating IEC-6 cells with lipopolysaccharide(LPS).IEC-6 cells were then incubated with three concentrations of TFHL for 24 h prior to a further 24 h LPS treatment.RT-qPCR was used to quantify mRNA levels of the inflammatory genes COX-2 and iN-OS,while Western blotting was used to assess protein levels of the apoptotic markers Bax,cleaved Caspase-3,Bcl-2,and the JNK/p-JNK signaling pathway.Finally,cells were pretreated with TFHL and/or the JNK inhibitor SP600125 for 24 h before LPS exposure for 24 h,in order to evaluate the combined effects of TFHL and SP600125 on LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine expression and apoptotic protein levels in IEC-6 cells.The results showed that,compared with the LPS group,the mRNA level of COX-2 and iNOS in the 2.5,5.0,10.0 mg/L TFHL group and the Bax and Caspase-3 protein levels decreased significantly(P＜0.01),and the Bcl-2 protein level was significantly higher(P＜0.01),p-JNK protein level and p-JNK/JNK ratio decreased significantly(P＜0.01);compared with the LPS group,the COX-2 and iNOS mRNA levels of the TFHL+LPS group de-creased significantly(P＜0.01),Bax,and Caspase-3 protein levels decreased significantly(P＜0.01),and the level of Bcl-2 protein increased significantly(P＜0.05);compared with the LPS group,the COX-2 and iNOS mRNA levels of the TFHL+SP600125 group decreased significantly(P＜0.01),Bax and Caspase-3 protein levels decreased significantly(P＜0.01),and Bcl-2 protein level increased significantly(P＜0.01).These findings indicate that TFHL exerts anti-inflammato-ry and anti-apoptotic effects in LPS-challenged IEC-6 cells by inhibiting the JNK signaling path-way.

Objective To promote the objectification and intelligence of clinical TCM tongue diagnosis in ulcerative colitis(UC).Methods Daosheng DS01-B tongue and face diagnosis information collection system was used to prospectively collect tongue image pictures of patients with ulcerative colitis damp-heat in the large intestine syndrome(DCSR)and spleen deficiency dampness retention syndrome(PXSY),with totaling 1096 images.After UC tongue image segmentation,preprocessing,and data augmentation,a data set of UC tongue images was formed.Based on ResNet50,a UC tongue image classification model was constructed using feature fusion methods and attention modules.Results The UC tongue image classification model constructed had better classification performance,with an average F1 value of 85.09%,an AUC value of 0.83 for PXSY,and an AUC value of 0.81 for DCSR,both of which were higher than the VGG11 and ResNet50 models.Conclusion The constructed UC tongue image classification model can effectively identify DCSR and PXSY,providing a new approach to improve the accuracy and objectivity of UC differentiation and assisting in the intelligence of TCM tongue diagnosis.

Objective·To construct a pH-responsive manganese-based nanoprobe and explore the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy/ferroptosis synergistic treatment in breast cancer and the effect of pH-responsive magnetic resonance-activated imaging.Methods·BSA-MnO2@CPT(BMC)nanoprobes were prepared by biomineralization,and their physicochemical properties were characterized by transmission electron microscope(TEM)and dynamic light scattering.The magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was used to evaluate the pH-responsive MRI T1 activation and time-dependent activation efficacy at the cellular level,with quantitative analysis of MRI T1 signal intensity.The reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation and glutathione(GSH)depletion by BMC nanoprobes were respectively detected by methylene blue(MB)and DTNB in vitro.The synergistic efficacy of chemotherapy and ferroptosis mediated by the nanoprobes in 4T1 breast cancer cells was evaluated using the Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide(MTT)assay.After co-incubation 4T1 cells with BMC,intracellular ROS levels were determined through the staining of ROS fluorescence indicator 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)and the level of lipid peroxide(LPO)expression was detected by using BODIPY581/591 C11 probe.A subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of 4T1 breast cancer was established in mice,with four experimental groups:Control group(PBS group),CPT group,BSA-MnO2(BM)group,and BMC group.The pH-responsive T1 activation effect of the BMC nanoprobes was dynamically monitored in vivo,while the ferroptosis-based antitumor efficacy was evaluated by measuring tumor volume and ferroptosis biomarkers(LPO and ROS).Results·TEM revealed that the prepared BMC nanoprobes exhibited a spherical morphology with an average diameter of approximately 150 nm.The MRI results demonstrated that the nanoprobes were pH-activable,exhibiting progressively enhanced T1 signal intensity under acidic conditions,and displaying pH-dependent r1 relaxivity enhancement.These findings validated their dual pH/time-responsive activation efficacy at the cellular level.In vitro solution-level MB and DTNB assays demonstrated that the BMC nanoprobes effectively enhanced the generation of ROS and the consumption of GSH.Fluorescence staining with DCFH-DA and BODIPY581/591 C11 demonstrated that the combination of ferroptosis effect and chemotherapy significantly enhanced intracellular generation of ROS and LPO accumulation.The MTT assay demonstrated that the survival rate of tumor cells significantly decreased to 17%(P=0.003).In vivo MRI demonstrated that the T1 signal was significantly enhanced and reached its peak at 4 h after tail vein injection of the BMC nanoprobes.Furthermore,in vivo antitumor therapy showed that the BMC group exhibited upregulated levels of LPO and ROS in tumor tissues,accompanied by marked tumor suppression(P=0.009).Conclusion·The pH-responsive theranostic BMC nanoprobes enhances antitumor efficacy via the synergistic interaction of chemotherapy and ferroptosis,while enabling tumor microenvironment-activated MRI.

Objective:To study the characteristics of soil microbial composition in sheep sheds in agricultural and pastoral areas, and explore potential zoonotic pathogen species.Methods:Using cross-sectional survey method, soil samples from sheep sheds in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Darhan-Muminggan Joint County, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were collected from August to October 2023. Genomic DNA was extracted, and metagenomic second-generation sequencing was conducted. Microbial species annotation was carried out by Kaiju method, and the soil microbial composition and zoonotic pathogen species of sheep sheds in agricultural and pastoral areas were analyzed.Results:A total of 10 and 5 soil samples were collected from sheep sheds in agricultural and pastoral areas, respectively. The results of β diversity analysis showed that there was a significant separation trend in soil samples from sheep sheds in agricultural and pastoral areas, and the interpretation of principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) 1 and PCoA2 were 27.8% and 17.4%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the microbial composition of soil samples from sheep sheds in agricultural and pastoral areas ( R = 0.09, P = 0.242). At the phylum level, the dominant bacterial phyla were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the dominant bacterial genera were Corynebacterium, Luteimonas, Atopostipes, and Salinicoccus. A variety of zoonotic pathogens were detected, including Brucella melitensis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Clostridium tetani in 15 soil samples. Conclusion:The soil microorganisms in sheep sheds in agricultural and pastoral areas are diverse, and zoonotic pathogens such as Brucella melitensis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Clostridium tetani are detected.

Objective:To understand the functional requirements and suggestions of relevant stakeholders on the Internet platform for remote rehabilitation management of patients after arthroscopy, so as to provide a reference basis for building a home rehabilitation management scheme and developing a remote Internet platform.Methods:Based on the technology acceptance model, a descriptive qualitative study was conducted using purposive sampling and maximum difference method to select 11 arthroscopic postoperative patients, 4 patient caregivers, and 7 clinical professionals from the Sports Medicine Department of Wuxi Ninth People′s Hospital (Orthopaedic Hospital) from October to December 2022. A total of 22 stakeholders were interviewed in a semi-structured manner, and the Colaizzi was used to analyze the interview data.Results:Among 22 interviewers, 12 males, 10 females, aged 25-65 years. A total of four topics were summarized: the willingness to use the Internet platform for remote rehabilitation management, the demand for the content provided by the Internet platform for remote rehabilitation management, the demand for the module functions of the Internet platform for remote rehabilitation management, and the demand for the operability of the Internet platform for remote rehabilitation management.Conclusions:The general attitude of the stakeholder groups towards the use of the Internet platform for remote rehabilitation management of patients after arthroscopy is positive. It is hoped that the platform will have diversified functions and good usability, improve the compliance and enthusiasm of patients in home rehabilitation exercise, and thus promote the recovery of limb function.

Objective:To explore the chain mediating effect of coping style and illness perception between intolerance of uncertainty and fear of disease progression in patients with intracranial aneurysm.Methods:A total of 270 patients with intracranial aneurysms admitted to the neurosurgery department of 2 hospitals in Guangzhou from October 2023 to June 2024 were selected by convenience sampling method. The general information questionnaire, intolerance of uncertainty scale-12, the brief disease perception questionnaire, medical coping mode questionnaire(MCMQ) and fear of progression questionnaire-short form were used to investigate the subjects. Statistical description and Spearman correlation analysis were performed using IBM SPSS 25.0 software, and AMOS 23.0 software was used to test and correct the structural equation models.Results:The total score of fear of disease progression in patients with intracranial aneurysms was 27.50(20.00, 34.00). The total score of intolerance of uncertainty was 23.50(19.75, 29.00). The sores of confrontation, avoidance and submission in MCMQ were 18.69±5.44, 12.00(10.00, 15.00) and 7.00(5.00, 9.00), respectively.The total score of illness perception was 37.23±11.60. Fear of disease progression was positively correlated with intolerance of uncertainty, submission and illness perception ( r=0.614, 0.696, 0.680, all P<0.01). The direct effect of intolerance of uncertainty on fear of disease progression was significant in patients with intracranial aneurysms ( β=0.431, P<0.001). Intolerance of uncertainty indirectly affected fear of disease progression through submission ( β=0.181, P<0.001) and illness perception ( β=0.092, P<0.001). Submission and illness perception played chain-mediating effect in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and fear of disease progression ( β=0.103, P<0.001). Conclusion:The intolerance of uncertainty in patients with intracranial aneurysms can positively predict the fear of disease progression. Submission and illness perception played a chain mediating role between intolerance of uncertainty and fear of disease progression in patients with intracranial aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect of Qingchang Huazhuo Formula(QCHZF)on mice with ulcerative colitis(UC)and the influences of fecal metabolites based on non-targeted metabolomics to investigate the mechanism of action of QCHZF in the treatment of UC.METHODS UC mice were induced by dextran sulfate sodium salt(DSS)and were administered with QCHZF.During the experiment,the body weight,stool characteristics and blood in stool were recorded daily,and the disease activity index(DAI)was calculated.At the end of the experiment,the length of colon was measured,colonic tissue damage in mice were ob-served by hematoxylin-eosin and alcian blue staining,mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors,IL-6,IL-18 and IL-1β,and intestinal barrier factors,ZO-1 and Muc2,were detected in colon tissues via qPCR method,and protein expression level of intestinal barrier,Muc2,was detected with immunofluorescence.Fecal metabolite changes in mice were detected employing un-targeted metabo-lomics and analyzed by MetaboAnalyst 5.0 for metabolic pathway enrichment.RESULTS QCHZF significantly alleviated colitis symptoms,increased body weight,decreased DAI score,reversed colonic shortening,inhibited inflammatory factors expression,im-proved colonic tissue structure disorders,increased the number of goblet cells,and restored the intestinal barrier in UC mice,regulated 58 metabolites,mainly involving pathways of methionine and cysteine metabolism,purine metabolism,steroid hormone biosynthesis,vitamin B6 metabolism,tryptophan metabolism and primary bile acid pathways.CONCLUSION QCHZF can improve colitis symp-toms,repaire the intestinal barrier and modulate fecal metabolites and related metabolic pathways in UC mice.

OBJECTIVE To explore the ameliorative effect of ursolic acid on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice,and the feasibility of multispectral optoacoustic tomography(MSOT)for characteristic structural and functional imaging of liver tissues.METHODS Kunming mice were randomly divided into the normal control group,model group,model+ursolic acid 30,60 mg·kg-1 groups and model+bifendate 5.625 mg·kg-1 group,with 14 mice in each.Each group was given the corresponding drug once daily for 7 days.An acute liver injury model was established in mice by intraperitoneal injection of 0.2％carbon tetrachloride in olive oil solution after the last administration.Blood was collected,liver tissues were taken 24 h after modeling,and the liver index was calculated,8 mice from each group and the levels of serum glutamic pyruciv transaminase(GPT)and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT),as well as superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in liver tissues were measured.The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method was used to detect the level ofα-glutathione S-transferase(α-GST)in serum.The histopathological changes of the liver were observed under a light microscope.The remaining 6 mice in each group underwent MSOT technique was used for characteristic structural and functional imaging of liver tissue.Levels of oxygenated hemoglobin(HbO2)and deoxygenated hemoglobin(Hb)were analyzed,oxygen saturation was calculated,and the extent of liver injury was assessed by examining the intrahepatic distribution of indocyanine green(ICG).RESULTS Compared with the normal group,the levels of GPT,GOT and α-GST in serum,content of MDA in liver tissues and the liver index in the model control group were significantly increased while the activity of SOD in liver tissues were significantly decreased.Compared with the model group,ursolic acid in each dose group significantly reduced the liver index of mice,lowered the serum levels of GPT and GOT as well as the level of α-GST,decreased the content of MDA in liver tissues,and elevated the activity of SOD in liver-injured mice.Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that significant steatosis and hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in hepatocytes of mice in the model group.Ursolic acid significantly attenuated the degree of hepatocellular lesions and markedly reduced steatosis in mice.MSOT imaging showed that the HbO2 level and oxygen saturation were significantly lower while the Hb level was remarkably higher in the liver of mice in the model group.In each administration group,the level of HbO2 significantly increased,the level of Hb was significantly decreased,oxygen saturation was significantly increased in the liver of model mice and the accumulation of ICG dye probe was atten-uated in the body after hepatocyte injury.CONCLUSION Ursolic acid can elevate the hepatic oxygen saturation,improve the metabolism of ICG,reduce the degree of hepatic necrosis in mice,and help protect against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury in mice.The mechanism is probably related to the inhibition of oxidative stress.