Radiotherapy is a first-line treatment for a variety of malignant tumors by inducing DNA damage to kill tumor cells. However, tumor cells have different sensitivities to radiotherapy, ultimately leading to different therapeutic effects. Histone acetylation, regulated by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC), is involved in the regulation of cell radiation sensitivity by influencing DNA damage repair. The main mechanisms are recruiting DNA repair related proteins and mediating chromatin dynamic changes. In this article, the role of histone acetylation modification in tumor radiotherapy was reviewed, aming to provide the basis for the radiotherapy sensitization strategy based on histone acetylation.

Objective To propose a dual-domain CBCT reconstruction framework(DualSFR-Net)based on generative projection interpolation to reduce artifacts in sparse-view cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)reconstruction.Methods The proposed method DualSFR-Net consists of a generative projection interpolation module,a domain transformation module,and an image restoration module.The generative projection interpolation module includes a sparse projection interpolation network(SPINet)based on a generative adversarial network and a full-view projection restoration network(FPRNet).SPINet performs projection interpolation to synthesize full-view projection data from the sparse-view projection data,while FPRNet further restores the synthesized full-view projection data.The domain transformation module introduces the FDK reconstruction and forward projection operators to complete the forward and gradient backpropagation processes.The image restoration module includes an image restoration network FIRNet that fine-tunes the domain-transformed images to eliminate residual artifacts and noise.Results Validation experiments conducted on a dental CT dataset demonstrated that DualSFR-Net was capable to reconstruct high-quality CBCT images under sparse-view sampling protocols.Quantitatively,compared to the current best methods,the DualSFR-Net method improved the PSNR by 0.6615 and 0.7658 and increased the SSIM by 0.0053 and 0.0134 under 2-fold and 4-fold sparse protocols,respectively.Conclusion The proposed generative projection interpolation-based dual-domain CBCT sparse-view reconstruction method can effectively reduce stripe artifacts to improve image quality and enables efficient joint training for dual-domain imaging networks in sparse-view CBCT reconstruction.

Objective To propose a dual-domain CBCT reconstruction framework(DualSFR-Net)based on generative projection interpolation to reduce artifacts in sparse-view cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)reconstruction.Methods The proposed method DualSFR-Net consists of a generative projection interpolation module,a domain transformation module,and an image restoration module.The generative projection interpolation module includes a sparse projection interpolation network(SPINet)based on a generative adversarial network and a full-view projection restoration network(FPRNet).SPINet performs projection interpolation to synthesize full-view projection data from the sparse-view projection data,while FPRNet further restores the synthesized full-view projection data.The domain transformation module introduces the FDK reconstruction and forward projection operators to complete the forward and gradient backpropagation processes.The image restoration module includes an image restoration network FIRNet that fine-tunes the domain-transformed images to eliminate residual artifacts and noise.Results Validation experiments conducted on a dental CT dataset demonstrated that DualSFR-Net was capable to reconstruct high-quality CBCT images under sparse-view sampling protocols.Quantitatively,compared to the current best methods,the DualSFR-Net method improved the PSNR by 0.6615 and 0.7658 and increased the SSIM by 0.0053 and 0.0134 under 2-fold and 4-fold sparse protocols,respectively.Conclusion The proposed generative projection interpolation-based dual-domain CBCT sparse-view reconstruction method can effectively reduce stripe artifacts to improve image quality and enables efficient joint training for dual-domain imaging networks in sparse-view CBCT reconstruction.

Objective:To compare the effect of O-arm assisted and free-hand pedicle screw placement in the treatment of AO type C thoracolumbar fracture.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the clinical data of 34 patients with type C thoracolumbar fracture admitted to Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2018 to June 2021, including 23 males and 11 females; aged 42-63 years [(50.4±7.4)years]. The fracture was located at T 11 in 4 patients, T 12 in 10, L 1 in 12, L 2 in 6, T 11~12/L 1 in 1 and T 12/L 1 in 1. Posterior reduction and internal fixation was carried out for all patients, of whom 18 were treated with O-arm assisted pedicle screw placement (navigation group) and 16 with free-hand pedicle screw placement (free-hand group). The operation time, single screw placement time, intraoperative bleeding volume, operation mode and screw placement accuracy were compared between the two groups. The kyphotic Cobb angle, visual analogue score (VAS) and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score were compared between the two groups before operation, at 1 week after operation, at 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up. Postoperative complications were observed. Results:All patients were followed up for 12-29 months [(16.8±6.1)months]. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume and operation mode (all P>0.05). The single screw placement time was (9.4±1.6)minutes in navigation group, but was (10.8±1.5)minutes in free-hand group ( P<0.05). The screw placement accuracy was 97.4% in navigation group, but was 81.5% in free-hand group ( P<0.01). The kyphotic Cobb angle and VAS had no significant differences between the two groups before operation (all P>0.05). The kyphotic Cobb angle in navigation group and free-hand group was (4.3±1.1)° and (5.9±1.1)° at 1 week after operation, (4.4±1.2)° and (5.7±1.3)° at 3 months after operation, and (4.4±1.2)° and (6.8±0.9)° at the last follow-up, decreased significantly from that before operation [(21.8±3.1)°, (22.2±3.2)°] (all P<0.01). The kyphotic Cobb angle in navigation group was significantly lower than that in free-hand group at 1 week, 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up (all P<0.01). The VAS in navigation group and free-hand group was (3.2±0.7)points and (4.1±0.7)points at 1 week after operation, (2.4±0.6)points and (3.0±0.8)points at 3 months after operation, and (1.8±0.9)points and (2.6±0.7)points at the last follow-up, decreased significantly from that before operation [(8.4±0.8)points, (8.3±0.9)points] (all P<0.01). The VAS in navigation group was significantly lower than that in free-hand group at 1 week, 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up (all P<0.01). The ASIA score showed no significant difference within and between the two groups before operation, at 1 week, 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up (all P>0.05). Postoperative incision infection occurred in 1 patient in both groups ( P>0.05). Implant failure such as loosening or displacement was not observed in navigation group, and only occurred in 2 patients in free-hand group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with free-hand pedicle screw placement, O-arm assisted pedicle screw placement in the treatment of AO type C thoracolumbar fracture has advantages of rapid and accurate screw placement, good reduction and notable pain relief.

The method of scoping review was used to systematically search and sort out the clinical research of oral Chinese patent medicines for ischemic stroke，to understand the scope of relevant research and the distribution of evidence. Three medical catalogs were manually searched to obtain the oral Chinese patent medicines used for ischemic stroke，and 7 databases were retrieved to obtain the clinical research including these oral Chinese patent medicines. Then the clinical evidence results were visualized by description combined with chart analysis. A total of 68 oral Chinese patent medicines were retrieved，and 1 392 articles were included，with 367 published in core journals， involving 35 oral Chinese patent medicines. The research types included randomized controlled trials，cohort studies，case series，case reports，secondary studies，adverse drug reaction reports，pharmacoeconomic evaluations，drug interactions，consensus or guidelines，non-randomized intervention studies and cross-sectional studies，of which randomized controlled trials had the largest number （283， 77.1%），followed by secondary studies and case series （25， 6.7% for each）. Among the 283 randomized controlled trials，there were 159 clinical studies in the acute phase of ischemic stroke，65 in the non-acute phase，and 59 in the unclear phase. Ten intervention control types and 20 outcome index types were summarized. Among them， the composite outcome index and surrogate outcome index were used 217 times （76.7%） and 245 times （86.6%）， respectively，followed by the degree of neurological impairment （three scales）. Future clinical research of oral Chinese patent medicines for ischemic stroke should clarify the stage of the disease，and the research design should specify the advantages of oral Chinese patent medicines intervening in ischemic stroke. Furthermore， publicly-recognized positive controls should be employed，and important clinical outcome indexes should be selected.

Objective:To determine the equilibrium solubility and the apparent oil/water partition coefficients of nicotinate-curcu-min ester,so as to provide basis for the new formula design. Methods:Nicotinate-curcumin ester was dissolved in buffer solution with pH of 1.2-7.8. HPLC was used to detect the equilibrium solubility of nicotinate-curcumin ester in various solutions. The apparent oil/water partition coefficients in octanol-water and octanol-buffer solution system were measured by a shaking-flask method. Results:The solubility of nicotinate-curcumin ester in pH 6.8 was the highest. The apparent oil-water partition coefficients of nicotinate-curcumin ester in pH 1.2,5.8,6.5 and 7.8 were lgPapvalues within the range(lgPap=1.69-1.98) beneficial to the absorption in vivo. But in pH 2,5 and 6.8,the lgPapvalues were greater than 2 with strong lipophilicity. Conclusion:The equilibrium solubility as well as ap-parent oil/water partition coefficients of nicotinate-curcumin ester is greatly influenced by the pH value of media. In the pH value with relatively high solubility,lipophilicity is stronger,suggesting it is difficult to be absorbed by the body and needs to be further studied on dosage forms.

Objective: To provide basis for the preparation process study by establishing an HPLC determination method for nicotinate-curcumin ester.Methods: A C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) was used at 30℃ with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.5% acetic acid glacial(65∶35) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1.The UV detection wavelength was 280 nm.Results: The good linear relationship of nicotinate-curcumin ester was shown within the range of 5.200-104.000 μg · ml-1(r=0.9999 4), The average recovery of nicotinate-curcumin ester and its nanoparticles was 100.1% and 100.9%with RSD of 1.260% and 0.995 0%(n=6), respectively.Conclusion: The method is convenient, accurate and reproducible, and suitable for the determination of nicotinate-curcumin ester nanoparticles and the studies on the preparation technology.

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, and treatment of anorectal malignant melanoma (ARMM), and to explore its prognostic factors and misdiagnosis. Methods:A total of 36 patients with ARMM were enrolled in this study from January 2000 to November 2016 in Nanfang Hospital, Zhujiang Hospital, and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Results: The clinical manifestations of ARMM were not specific. The odds of misdiagnosis were as high as 52.8% in this study. The 1-and 3-year survival rates were 75%and 35%, respectively, with median survival time of 24.51 months. Survival rate was correlated with tumor size, invasion depth, clinical stage, and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), but was not related to patient age and gender. The median survival time of the three groups of patients (surgery alone, surgery-based combination therapy, untreated) were 39.21, 26, and 15 months. The difference was not statistically significant. No difference in survival was found between patients under-going abdominoperineal resection and wide local excision. Conclusion:ARMM has poor prognosis and is easily misdiagnosed as a ma-lignant tumor. The prognostic factors are tumor size, invasion depth, clinical stage, and lymph node metastasis. Surgical treatment can extend survival. To avoid misdiagnosis and prolong survival, early diagnosis and early treatment are recommended.

AIM:Toinvestigatetheeffectofnicotinicacidamide(NAA)ontheinfusiondamageofhuman umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ( hUC-MSCs) under the condition of instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction ( IBMIR) .METHODS:Normal peripheral blood without anticoagulant at volume of 2.7 mL was mixed with 0.3 mL phys-iological saline (as blank group), CFSE labeled hUC-MSCs (1 ×106 cells in 0.3 mL as MSC group) and CFSE labeled hUC-MSCs (1 ×106 cells in 0.3 mL) preprocessed with NAA at concentration of 10 mmol/L for 24 h ( as MSC+NAA group) , respectively.The mixture was immediately injected into the improved Chandler Loop model, placed in 37℃water bath, and then started the peristaltic pump at the speed of 20 mL/min for 1 h.The number of CFSE labeled hUC-MSCs, platelets, white blood cells were counted and the concentration of complement C3a was measured before and after cycling, respectively.RESULTS: After 1 h circulation, the platelet dissipation rate were ( 29.96 ±10.88 )% in blank group, (77.76 ±19.29)% in MSC group all and (50.13 ±18.10)% in MSC +NAA group; and the leukocyte counts were (37.82 ±13.81)%in blank group, (64.57 ±17.08)% in MSC group and (41.52 ±17.26)% in MSC+NAA group. Compared with blank group, the differences of the dissipation rates in MSC group and MSC+NAA group all had statistical significance.The hUC-MSCs relative survival rate in MSC+NAA group was higher than that in MSC group.C3a concentra-tions in blank group, MSC group and MSC+NAA group were (206.27 ±58.10), (230.47 ±39.61) and (208.37 ± 40.66) μg/L, respectively.CONCLUSION:Co-circulating the mixture of hUC-MSCs with normal peripheral blood with-out anticoagulant in the improved Chandler Loop for 1 h depletes a large number of hUC-MSCs and blood components, and increases C3a, suggesting that this model can induce IBMIR.NAA has a protective effect on the hUC-MSCs in the infusion damage by inhibiting IBMIR, reducing the wastage of the blood components and enhancing the survival rate of the hUC-MSCs.

Objective: To investigate the preventive effect of alprostadil (prostaglandin E1) combining hydration therapy on contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in elder patients. Methods: A total of 175 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) elder than 75 years received PCI in our hospital from 2011-03 to 2014-03 were retrospectively studied, those including 122/175 (69.71 %) with male gender. The patients were at the mean age of (74.7 ± 3.9) years and randomly allocated into 2 groups: Control group, based on routine treatment, the patients received regular hydration of intravenous normal saline 1 ml/(kg?h) at 6 hours prior and 12 hours after PCI,n=84 and Alprostadil+hydration group, based on routine treatment and regular hydration, the patients received intravenous alprostadil 10μg in 100ml normal saline twice a day at 1 day prior PCI and the 3rd day after PCI,n=91. The serum levels of creatinine (SCr) were examined prior PCI and 3 days continuously after PCI, creatinine clearance rates (Ccr) were calculated and the CIN occurrence rates were compared between 2 groups. Results: At the 3rd day after PCI, the mean SCr level in Alprostadil+hydration group (92.08 ± 21.65) μmol/L was lower than Control group (99.43 ± 22.77) μmol/L,P<0.05, the mean Ccr level in Alprostadil+hydration group (63.78 ± 20.58) ml/min was higher than Control group (57.09 ± 22.31) ml/min,P<0.05. The occurrence rate of CIN after PCI was higher in Control group (13.1%, 11/84 patients) than Alprostadil+hydration group (3.3%, 3/91 patients),P<0.05. Conclusion: Alprostadil combining hydration therapy may obviously protect renal function and reduce the incidence rate of CIN in elder CAD patients after PCI treatment.