BACKGROUND:In recent years,there have been many studies on the mechanism of exosomal non-coding RNA in gestational diabetes mellitus,but there is a lack of the latest systematic review of exosomes from different sources,especially placental sources. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the changes and potential roles of microRNA(miRNA),long non-coding RNA(lncRNA),circular RNA(circRNA),and exosomes in gestational diabetes mellitus to provide potential targets for early screening and treatment of clinical gestational diabetes mellitus. METHODS:A literature search was conducted on PubMed,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang Data,and VIP databases to retrieve relevant articles on non-coding RNA or exosomal non-coding RNA in relation to gestational diabetes mellitus.A total of 74 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Non-coding RNAs play important pathological and physiological roles in the lifecycle activities,and increasing evidences suggest that non-coding RNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of gestational diabetes mellitus by regulating various physiological functions.This provides a new direction for the research of gestational diabetes mellitus.(2)Exosomes are widely present in the human body.Various cells can secrete exosomes,such as red blood cells,epithelial cells,and placental cells.Non-coding RNAs found in exosomes from different sources have been demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus.(3)MiRNA and gestational diabetes mellitus:The role of peripheral blood miRNA in gestational diabetes mellitus is mainly to affect the functions of trophoblast cells,pancreatic beta cells and blood glucose levels in gestational diabetes mellitus;placental miRNA can reflect the severity of gestational diabetes and impair the function of trophoblast cells.(4)LncRNA and gestational diabetes mellitus:Peripheral blood lncRNA can induce insulin resistance through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway and may provide new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus;placental lncRNA can regulate proliferation and migration of placental trophoblast cells,promoting the occurrence and development of gestational diabetes mellitus.(5)CircRNA and gestational diabetes mellitus:Peripheral blood and placental circRNA can induce the occurrence and development of gestational diabetes mellitus by impairing the proliferation,migration and metabolism of placental trophoblast cells.(6)Non-coding RNA in exosomes and gestational diabetes mellitus:Peripheral blood non-coding RNA in exosomes can affect gestational diabetes mellitus blood glucose levels and glucose homeostasis,and participate in the occurrence and development of gestational diabetes mellitus by influencing placental function.(7)Non-coding RNA has the potential to serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus.Additionally,engineered exosomes can better achieve targeted therapy for gestational diabetes mellitus.These latest findings provide a reference for both basic research and clinical translation of gestational diabetes mellitus.(8)In the future,improvements in the extraction and purification methods of peripheral blood exosomes should be improved,and factors such as race,diet and physical activity should be excluded to improve the reproducibility of results.Further prospective clinical studies are required to explore the clinical application of circulating non-coding RNA and exosomes in the prediction and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective:To explore the effects of aerobic exercise therapy and anaerobic exercise therapy on improving depressive symptoms, sleep quality, and cognitive function in patients with mild and moderate depression.Methods:A prospective study was conducted to collect clinical data from 148 inpatients with mild to moderate depression treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from February 2019 to May 2023 including 74 males and 74 females aged 18 to 60 (40.08±11.03) years. They were randomly assigned the conventional treatment group (group A, 49 cases), the conventional treatment+moderate-intensity aerobic exercise therapy intervention group (group B, 51 cases), and the conventional treatment+moderate intensity anaerobic exercise therapy intervention group (group C, 48 cases). Patients in each group were treated the corresponding intervention for 4 weeks. The 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD 24), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) were used to score depressive symptoms, sleep quality, and cognitive function, respectively, before and after intervention. Paired sample t-tests were used to compare the changes in scores before and after the intervention. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze and compare the score differences on each scale among the groups. Results:After the intervention, HAMD 24 and PSQI scores in all groups decreased compared with those before the intervention (Group A: HAMD 24 (15.08±4.15) vs (29.33±4.75), PSQI (12.76±2.52) vs (14.88±3.64); Group B: HAMD 24 (12.82±3.83) vs (28.61±5.08), PSQI (11.59±2.26) vs (14.55±4.14); Group C: HAMD 24 (14.44±3.60) vs (29.44±4.98), PSQI (11.40±2.30) vs (15.13±4.62)) (all P<0.001). After the intervention, the MOCA scores in all groups were higher than those before the intervention (Group A: (26.04±2.21) vs (25.92±2.34), t=-2.20, P=0.032; Group B: (26.22±1.59) vs (25.35±1.95), t=-4.45, P<0.001; Group C: (26.10±2.15) vs (25.21±2.13), t=-3.15, P=0.003). After the intervention, the HAMD 24 scores of Group B were lower than those of Group A and Group C ((12.82±3.83) vs (15.08±4.15) vs (14.44±3.60)) (all P<0.05), and the PSQI scores of groups B and C were lower than those of group A ((11.59±2.26) and (11.40±2.30) vs (12.76±2.52)) (all P<0.05). No statistically significant differences in MOCA scores among Group A, Group B, and Group C after the intervention ( P=0.906). Conclusion:Exercise therapy is helpful in improving depressive symptoms and sleep quality in patients with mild to moderate depression, but it does not have a significant advantages in improving cognitive function.

Objective:To explore the effects of aerobic exercise therapy and anaerobic exercise therapy on improving depressive symptoms, sleep quality, and cognitive function in patients with mild and moderate depression.Methods:A prospective study was conducted to collect clinical data from 148 inpatients with mild to moderate depression treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from February 2019 to May 2023 including 74 males and 74 females aged 18 to 60 (40.08±11.03) years. They were randomly assigned the conventional treatment group (group A, 49 cases), the conventional treatment+moderate-intensity aerobic exercise therapy intervention group (group B, 51 cases), and the conventional treatment+moderate intensity anaerobic exercise therapy intervention group (group C, 48 cases). Patients in each group were treated the corresponding intervention for 4 weeks. The 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD 24), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) were used to score depressive symptoms, sleep quality, and cognitive function, respectively, before and after intervention. Paired sample t-tests were used to compare the changes in scores before and after the intervention. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze and compare the score differences on each scale among the groups. Results:After the intervention, HAMD 24 and PSQI scores in all groups decreased compared with those before the intervention (Group A: HAMD 24 (15.08±4.15) vs (29.33±4.75), PSQI (12.76±2.52) vs (14.88±3.64); Group B: HAMD 24 (12.82±3.83) vs (28.61±5.08), PSQI (11.59±2.26) vs (14.55±4.14); Group C: HAMD 24 (14.44±3.60) vs (29.44±4.98), PSQI (11.40±2.30) vs (15.13±4.62)) (all P<0.001). After the intervention, the MOCA scores in all groups were higher than those before the intervention (Group A: (26.04±2.21) vs (25.92±2.34), t=-2.20, P=0.032; Group B: (26.22±1.59) vs (25.35±1.95), t=-4.45, P<0.001; Group C: (26.10±2.15) vs (25.21±2.13), t=-3.15, P=0.003). After the intervention, the HAMD 24 scores of Group B were lower than those of Group A and Group C ((12.82±3.83) vs (15.08±4.15) vs (14.44±3.60)) (all P<0.05), and the PSQI scores of groups B and C were lower than those of group A ((11.59±2.26) and (11.40±2.30) vs (12.76±2.52)) (all P<0.05). No statistically significant differences in MOCA scores among Group A, Group B, and Group C after the intervention ( P=0.906). Conclusion:Exercise therapy is helpful in improving depressive symptoms and sleep quality in patients with mild to moderate depression, but it does not have a significant advantages in improving cognitive function.

BACKGROUND: Low-density computed tomography (LDCT) improved early lung cancer diagnosis but introduces an excess of false-positive pulmonary nodules data. Hence, accurate diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer remains challenging. The purpose of the study was to assess the feasibility of using circulating tumour cells (CTCs) to differentiate malignant from benign pulmonary nodules. METHODS: 122 patients with suspected malignant pulmonary nodules detected on chest CT in preparation for surgery were prospectively recruited. Peripheral blood samples were collected before surgery, and CTCs were identified upon isolation by size of epithelial tumour cells and morphological analysis. Laser capture microdissection, MALBAC amplification, and whole-exome sequencing were performed on 8 samples. The diagnostic efficacy of CTCs counting, and the genomic variation profile of benign and malignant CTCs samples were analysed. RESULTS: Using 2.5 cells/5 mL as the cut-off value, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was of 0.651 (95% confidence interval: 0.538-0.764), with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.526 and 0.800, respectively, and positive and negative predictive values of 91.1% and 30.3%, respectively. Distinct sequence variations differences in DNA damage repair-related and driver genes were observed in benign and malignant samples. TP53 mutations were identified in CTCs of four malignant cases; in particular, g.7578115T>C, g.7578645C>T, and g.7579472G>C were exclusively detected in all four malignant samples. CONCLUSIONS CTCs play an ancillary role in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules. TP53 mutations in CTCs might be used to identify benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Exome Sequencing ; Multiple Pulmonary Nodules ; Carcinoma ; DNA Repair

Objective:To explore the phenotype and mechanism of ferroptosis in steatosis liver ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and elucidate the mechanism of targeted inhibition of ferroptosis down-regulating steatosis liver IRI.Methods:First, 20 mice are divided into 2 group according to the different feeding mode: Normal chow diet(NCD group, n=10)and high fat diet(HFD group, n=10). The fatty liver constructs are successful as verified by laboratory tests for relevant indicators and oil red staining.NCD and HFD mice were randomized into two groups sham and IRI.The expression of glutathione peroxidase 4(Gpx4)in liver tissues of each group is detected by Western blot.Morphological phenotypes of mitochondria in liver tissue are observed by transmission electron microscope.Accordingly, it was determined whether ferroptosis occurred in mouse liver IRIs.NCD(n=30)and HFD(n=30)are further randomized into 3 groups: sham(n=10), IRI(n=10)and inhibitor(IRI-fer-1 group, n=10). The serum contents of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)are detected by ALT/AST kits.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)stain is employed for detecting the degree of liver injury; immunohistochemistry(IHC)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)for detecting the levels of inflammatory factors and inflammatory cell infiltration.Similarly, primary hepatocytes from NCD/HFD mice are extracted and the occurrence of ferroptosis is verified by detecting C11-BODIPY(581/591)by fluorescent stain after hypoxia-reoxygenation(H/R).Results:As compared with NCD-IRI group, Gpx4 protein expression declined obviously in HFD-IRI group while serum ALT/AST level spiked markedly( P<0.01). IHC staining of 4-HNE is positive, mitochondrial specific damage is more pronounced and inflammatory infiltration became enhanced.As compared with IRI group, serum level of ALT/AST dropped obviously and infiltration of inflammatory cells and secretion of inflammatory factors are blunted markedly in IRI-fer-1 group( P<0.01). Conclusions:A high degree of ferroptosis and severe inflammatory response during fatty liver IR are features of distinguishing steatosis liver IRI from ordinary liver IRI.Targeted inhibition of ferroptosis lowers inflammation and damage during IR in steatosis liver.

Objective:To investigate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) on depressive-like behaviors and hippocampal neuron apoptosis in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats.Methods:A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups using a random number table, including the control group( n=8), CUMS group( n=8), virus control group( n=10), and MKP-1 down-regulated group( n=10), with 8 rats in each group. Except for the control group, rats in other groups were stressed by CUMS model of depression. Rats in the virus control group and MKP-1 down-regulated group received adeno-associated virus injections in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions before CUMS modeling. Sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and open field test were used to observe the behavioral changes of rats. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of MKP-1, B-cell lymphoma-2 gene (Bcl-2) and B-cell lymphoma-2 gene-related X protein (Bax), in the hippocampus. TUNEL staining was utilized to observe the morphology of apoptotic cells in the hippocampus CA1 area. Repeated measures variance was used to analyze body weight and behaviors, while an independent sample t-test was used to analyze protein levels. Results:Compared with the control group, the body weight of rats in the CUMS group decreased ( F=44.664); the sucrose preference rate decreased ( F=14.978); the forced swimming immobility time increased ( F=8.436); the number of defecation in the open field test increased ( F=9.572); the relative expression level of MKP-1 and Bax/Bcl-2 also significantly increased ( t=4.415,3.410), P<0.05 for all; Compared with the virus control group, rats in the MKP-1 down-regulation group showed a higher sucrose preference rate ( F=11.922) and a shorter forced swimming immobility time ( F=12.868), furthermore, the activity distance ratio in the central area increased ( F=6.291), the number of uprights in the open field test increased ( F=14.372), and the relative expression levels of MKP-1 and Bax/Bcl-2 ( t=3.775,6.193) decreased, P<0.05 for all. The number of DNA fragments in the nucleus of the hippocampal CA1 region of the CUMS group was significantly more than that of the control group. In comparison, the number of DNA fragments in the nucleus of the MKP-1 down-regulated group was substantially less than that of the virus control group. Conclusion:Down-regulation of MKP-1 gene alleviated depressive-like behavior and hippocampal neuron apoptosis in CUMS rats.

Objective:To investigate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) on depressive-like behaviors and hippocampal neuron apoptosis in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats.Methods:A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups using a random number table, including the control group( n=8), CUMS group( n=8), virus control group( n=10), and MKP-1 down-regulated group( n=10), with 8 rats in each group. Except for the control group, rats in other groups were stressed by CUMS model of depression. Rats in the virus control group and MKP-1 down-regulated group received adeno-associated virus injections in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions before CUMS modeling. Sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and open field test were used to observe the behavioral changes of rats. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of MKP-1, B-cell lymphoma-2 gene (Bcl-2) and B-cell lymphoma-2 gene-related X protein (Bax), in the hippocampus. TUNEL staining was utilized to observe the morphology of apoptotic cells in the hippocampus CA1 area. Repeated measures variance was used to analyze body weight and behaviors, while an independent sample t-test was used to analyze protein levels. Results:Compared with the control group, the body weight of rats in the CUMS group decreased ( F=44.664); the sucrose preference rate decreased ( F=14.978); the forced swimming immobility time increased ( F=8.436); the number of defecation in the open field test increased ( F=9.572); the relative expression level of MKP-1 and Bax/Bcl-2 also significantly increased ( t=4.415,3.410), P<0.05 for all; Compared with the virus control group, rats in the MKP-1 down-regulation group showed a higher sucrose preference rate ( F=11.922) and a shorter forced swimming immobility time ( F=12.868), furthermore, the activity distance ratio in the central area increased ( F=6.291), the number of uprights in the open field test increased ( F=14.372), and the relative expression levels of MKP-1 and Bax/Bcl-2 ( t=3.775,6.193) decreased, P<0.05 for all. The number of DNA fragments in the nucleus of the hippocampal CA1 region of the CUMS group was significantly more than that of the control group. In comparison, the number of DNA fragments in the nucleus of the MKP-1 down-regulated group was substantially less than that of the virus control group. Conclusion:Down-regulation of MKP-1 gene alleviated depressive-like behavior and hippocampal neuron apoptosis in CUMS rats.

Basophils have been neglected for a long time as an immune cell.Recently, it gained respect because of its important role in helper T lymphocytes(Th)2 immune response.Basophils are involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma through a variety of possible mechanisms.Basophils can act as initiators initiate and establish Th2 immune response by interacting with dendritic cells; basophils can act as immune regulators, regulate immune cell functions such as type 2 innate lymphoid cells by secreting cytokines such as interleukin 4 to consolidate allergic inflammation; basophils can also act as immune effectors participate in allergic airway inflammation through IgE-depended and non IgE-depended activation.In addition, clinical research is focused on the usage of basophil activation status as possible biomarker in predicting the outcome of allergic disease therapy, which is of great clinic value in individualized management of asthma.

Objective:To explore the effect of cognitive behavior orientation group psychotherapy on coping style, time management and family function of middle school students with internet addiction, and provide theoretical basis for the internet addiction psychotherapy system.Methods:Based on IAT, 70 internet addiction middle school students were screened and divided into control group and experimental group according to random number table method.The control group was only given conventionally psychological and drug treatments, the experimental group participated in cognitive behavioral orientation group psychotherapy on the basis of the treatment of the control group.Thirty-two people in the control group and thirty-three people in the experimental group completed the treatment.Before and after treatment, the two groups of middle school students were evaluated by the internet IAT, the SCSQ, the ATMD and the FAD.Results:There was no significant difference in the scales between the two groups of internet addiction middle school students before treatment (all P>0.05). After the intervention of the experimental group, the differences in the positive response (1.89±0.51), negative response (1.55±0.51), time monitoring (58.39±12.10), time value (26.64±4.48), time efficacy (30.42±5.18), and roles(18.85±2.40), communication(24.18±3.77), behavior control (18.82±2.57) and general functioning(24.79±3.90) of FAD were statistically significant compared with the control group (1.62±0.44), (1.84±0.55), (52.09±11.72), (19.34±3.96), (21.91±6.13), (21.16±2.63), (26.09±3.75), (20.59±2.54), (28.69±3.68) and the pre-intervention period (1.46±0.48), (1.97±0.56), (48.73±13.46), (18.27±4.84), (20.00±5.79), (21.76±2.72), (26.58±3.86), (19.76±2.96), (29.27±4.76) (all P<0.05). There were significant differences in problem-solving (12.67±2.50) and affective responsiveness (14.03±3.73) scores of the FAD between the experimental group and the pre-intervention group (14.15±2.83), (14.61±3.66) (all P<0.05). There were significant differences in SCSQ and ATMD before and after treatment in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Cognitive behavior orientation group psychotherapy can optimize the coping style, ameliorate their time management ability and significantly improve the role, communication, behavior control and overall function of family function of middle school students with internet addiction.

Objective To investigate the effect of enriched environment (EE) on behavior and expression of mitogenactivated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) in hippocampus of depression rats induced by chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUS) and to provide clues for the molecular mechanism of treating depression.Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group,CUS group,fluoxetine group and EE group,with 10 rats in each group.The rats in CUS group,fluoxetine group and EE group were given 8 weeks of CUS,and from the fifth week,the rats in EE group and fluoxetine group were given EE and fluoxetine for 4 weeks,respectively.The changes of behavioristic of the rats in the four groups were evaluated by body mass gain,open field test,and sucrose preference.The expression of MKP-1 in hippocampus was detected by Western blot.Results There was no significant difference in body mass,distance of horizontal movement,the number of upright,the times of passing through the grid and sucrose preference index among the four groups(P ＞ 0.05).After modeling,compared with the control group,the body mass gain,distance of horizontal movement,the number of up-right,the times of passing through the grid and sucrose preference index in the CUS group,fluoxetine group and EE group were decreased significantly(P ＜ 0.05);there was no significant difference in the body mass gain,distance of horizontal movement,the number of up-right,the times of passing through the grid and sucrose preference index among the CUS group,fluoxetine group and EE group(P ＞ 0.05).After intervening by fluoxetine and EE,the body mass gain,distance of horizontal movement,the number of up-right,the times of passing through the grid and sucrose preference index in the CUS group were lower than those in the control group(P ＜0.05);but there was no significant difference in the body mass gain,distance of horizontal movement,the number of up-right,the times of passing through the grid and sucrose preference index between the control group and the fluoxetine group and EE group(P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the CUS group,the body mass gain,distance of horizontal movement,the number of up-right,the times of passing through the grid and sucrose preference index in the fluoxetine group and EE group were higher(P ＜ 0.05);there was no significant difference in the body mass gain,distance of horizontal movement,the number of up-right,the times of passing through the grid and sucrose preference index between the fluoxetine group and EE group (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of MKP-1 in hippocampus of CUS group and EE group was higher than that in the control group (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the expression of MKP-1 in hippocampus between the fluoxetine group and control group(P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the CUS group,the expression of MKP-1 in hippocampus in the fluoxetine group decreased (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the expression of MKP-1 in hippocampus between the EE group and CUS group(P ＞0.05).Compared with the fluoxetine group,the expression of MKP-1 in hippocampus in the EE group was higher(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion EE can significantly improve depressive symptoms in rats,but it has no significant effect on MKP-1 protein expression in hippocampus,and EE may not act on depression by affecting MKP-1.