AIM: To investigate the association between dyslipidemia and macular hard exudates(HEs)in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)secondary to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS: NPDR patients attending the outpatient ophthalmology clinic from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected and divided into three groups according to the severity of macular HEs. Group A: None or minimal HEs; Group B: Definite HEs; Group C: Prominent HEs. Total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)] levels and other lipid-related indicators were routinely measured. The correlation between these indicators and HEs was analyzed.RESULTS:Group A(24 eyes)consisted of 9 males and 15 females with the mean age of 54.71±6.15 y, group B(52 eyes)consisted of 20 males and 32 females with the mean age of 55.08±6.27 y, group C(14 eyes)consisted of 9 males and 5 females with the mean age of 53.93±6.08 y. The concentration of TC, TG, LDL-C and Lp(a)was highest in group C, followed by group B and lowest in group A with statistically significant differences(P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups for fasting plasma glucose(FPG), glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), creatinine(Cr), and HDL-C(P>0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and Lp(a)were associated with the presence of macular HEs. Receiver operating characteristiccurve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)for TC, TG, LDL-C, Lp(a), and their combination in predicting macular HEs in NPDR were 0.785, 0.718, 0.784, 0.742, and 0.911, respectively, with the combined model demonstrating the highest predictive performance.CONCLUSION: Dyslipidemia is closely associated with the development and progression of macular HEs in patients with NPDR and T2DM. The levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and Lp(a)were correlated with the severity of macular HEs, suggesting that dyslipidemia may be involved in the pathological process of macular HEs formation.

Atrial fibrillation is a prevalent rapid arrhythmia.Patients often develop kinesiophobia and avoidance behaviors due to reduced exercise tolerance and recurrent episodes of atrial fibrillation symptoms,which adversely affect cardiac rehabilitation outcomes.This study reviewed the definition,occurrence mechanisms,assessment tools,influencing factors,and intervention measures of kinesio-phobia in patients with atrial fibrillation,aiming to provide references for implementing nursing prac-tices and promoting exercise rehabilitation in these patients.

OBJECTIVE To deeply explore the in vivo pharmacodynamic substance basis of Zhigancao Decoction,a classic tradi-tional Chinese medicine formula,and provide scientific evidence for its rational application and development in modern clinical practice.METHODS Wistar rats were treated with 12.15 g·kg-1 Zhigancao Decoction by gavage.Rat plasma samples were collect-ed at 10 time points(5,15,30,60,120,240,360,480,600 and 720 min after administration)and rat heart(atrial and ventricu-lar)tissue samples were collected at 12 h after administration.Components in the plasma and heart samples were qualitatively identi-fied by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS),and the distri-bution characteristics of Zhigancao Decoction in vivo were analyzed.At the same time,the time-concentration curve of the prototype components and metabolites in Zhigancao Decoction was drawn to observe the changes of blood drug concentration.RESULTS A total of 11 prototype components(Ajugol,Nicotiflorin,Isoschaftoside,4-Hydroxycinnamic acid,Rehmapicrogenin,4-Hydroxybenzoic acid,4′,7-Dihydroxyflavone,Calycosin,3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone,Pinellic acid,Truxillic acid)and 7 metabolites were identified from the plasma samples of Zhigancao Decoction,mainly including flavonoids(flavonoids glycosides),organic acids,and iridoid glyco-sides,etc.Additionally,6 prototype components(Ajugol,Isoschaftoside,Rehmapicrogenin,4′,7-Dihydroxyflavone,Liquiritigenin,3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone)and 3 metabolites were identified from the cardiac samples(the atrium and the ventricle showed the same results).The metabolic pathways mainly involved Phase Ⅰ metabolism and glucuronidation.CONCLUSION The prototype compo-nents and metabolites in plasma and heart tissue of Zhigancao Decoction is preliminarily determined,providing a reference for analyzing the active components of Zhigancao Decoction in heart tissue.

OBJECTIVE To deeply explore the in vivo pharmacodynamic substance basis of Zhigancao Decoction,a classic tradi-tional Chinese medicine formula,and provide scientific evidence for its rational application and development in modern clinical practice.METHODS Wistar rats were treated with 12.15 g·kg-1 Zhigancao Decoction by gavage.Rat plasma samples were collect-ed at 10 time points(5,15,30,60,120,240,360,480,600 and 720 min after administration)and rat heart(atrial and ventricu-lar)tissue samples were collected at 12 h after administration.Components in the plasma and heart samples were qualitatively identi-fied by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS),and the distri-bution characteristics of Zhigancao Decoction in vivo were analyzed.At the same time,the time-concentration curve of the prototype components and metabolites in Zhigancao Decoction was drawn to observe the changes of blood drug concentration.RESULTS A total of 11 prototype components(Ajugol,Nicotiflorin,Isoschaftoside,4-Hydroxycinnamic acid,Rehmapicrogenin,4-Hydroxybenzoic acid,4′,7-Dihydroxyflavone,Calycosin,3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone,Pinellic acid,Truxillic acid)and 7 metabolites were identified from the plasma samples of Zhigancao Decoction,mainly including flavonoids(flavonoids glycosides),organic acids,and iridoid glyco-sides,etc.Additionally,6 prototype components(Ajugol,Isoschaftoside,Rehmapicrogenin,4′,7-Dihydroxyflavone,Liquiritigenin,3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone)and 3 metabolites were identified from the cardiac samples(the atrium and the ventricle showed the same results).The metabolic pathways mainly involved Phase Ⅰ metabolism and glucuronidation.CONCLUSION The prototype compo-nents and metabolites in plasma and heart tissue of Zhigancao Decoction is preliminarily determined,providing a reference for analyzing the active components of Zhigancao Decoction in heart tissue.

Objective:To investigate the effects of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) on ferroptosis and immune function of dendritic cells (DCs) in septic mice, and to provide a basis for improving the immunosuppression in sepsis caused by wound infection.Methods:This study was an experimental research. Sixty male C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to establish sepsis models. Ten mice were selected at 0 (immediately), 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after CLP surgery, respectively, according to the random number table method. Mouse splenic DCs were isolated using CD11c-positive magnetic beads. The protein expressions of TXNRD1, and anti-ferroptosis proteins solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in the cells were detected by Western blotting, the reduced glutathione (GSH) content in the cells was measured by colorimetric assay, the lipid peroxidation level was assessed via live-cell imaging technology, and the levels of major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ subtype I-A/I-E and leukocyte differentiation antigens CD80 and CD86 were detected by flow cytometry. Another 100 male C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided into corn oil+sham injury group, corn oil+CLP group, inhibitor+sham injury group, and inhibitor+CLP group according to the random number table method, with 25 mice in each group. Mice in the two inhibitor groups were intraperitoneally injected with TXNRD1 inhibitor auranofin, while mice in the two corn oil groups were intraperitoneally injected with corn oil. One hour later, mice in the two CLP groups underwent CLP surgery to establish sepsis models, while mice in the two sham injury groups underwent sham surgery. Twenty mice from each group were selected to observe survival within 7 d post-surgery, and the survival rate was calculated. At 24 h post-surgery, mouse splenic DCs from the remaining 5 mice in each group were collected for corresponding assays as above.Results:Compared with those at 0 h after CLP surgery, the protein expressions of TXNRD1, GPX4, and SLC7A11 in mouse cells at 24 h after CLP surgery and the protein expression of TXNRD1 in mouse cells at 48 h after CLP surgery were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), the GSH content in mouse cells was significantly decreased at 24 and 48 h after CLP surgery ( P<0.05). The lipid peroxidation level in mouse cells was low at 0, 6, and 12 h after CLP surgery, slightly lower than that at 72 h after CLP surgery; the lipid peroxidation levels in mouse cells at 24 and 48 h after CLP surgery were significantly higher than those at 0, 6, 12, and 72 h after CLP surgery. Compared with those at 0 h after CLP surgery, the levels of I-A/I-E and CD80 in mouse cells at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after CLP surgery and the levels of CD86 in mouse cells at 12, 24, and 48 h after CLP surgery were significantly increased ( P<0.05). At 24 h post-surgery, the protein expressions of TXNRD1, SLC7A11, and GPX4 in mouse cells in corn oil+CLP group were significantly lower than those in corn oil+sham injury group ( P<0.05), while the protein expressions of TXNRD1, SLC7A11, and GPX4 in mouse cells in inhibitor+CLP group were significantly lower than those in corn oil+CLP group and inhibitor+sham injury group ( P<0.05). At 24 h post-surgery, the content of GSH in mouse cells in corn oil+CLP group was (239±32) μg/mg, which was significantly lower than (366±59) μg/mg in corn oil +sham injury group ( P<0.05); the content of GSH in mouse cells in inhibitor+CLP group was (134±19) μg/mg, which was significantly lower than (355±31) μg/mg in inhibitor+sham injury group and that in corn oil+CLP group (with both P values <0.05). At 24 h post-surgery, the lipid peroxidation level of mouse cells in inhibitor+CLP group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups ( P<0.05). At 24 h post-surgery, the levels of I-A/I-E, CD80, and CD86 in mouse cells in corn oil+CLP group were significantly higher than those in corn oil+sham injury group ( P<0.05), while the levels of I-A/I-E and CD80 in mouse cells in inhibitor+CLP group were significantly higher than those in inhibitor+sham injury group ( P<0.05) but significantly lower than those in corn oil+CLP group ( P<0.05); the level of CD86 in mouse cells in inhibitor+sham injury group was significantly higher than that in corn oil+sham injury group ( P<0.05). Within 7 d post-surgery, the survival rate of mice in inhibitor+CLP group was significantly lower than that in inhibitor+sham injury group and corn oil+CLP group (with χ2 values of 31.19 and 3.91, respectively, both P values <0.05). Conclusions:In septic mice, the expression of TXNRD1 in DCs is reduced, cell ferroptosis is enhanced, and immune function is weakened. The inhibition of TXNRD1 in DCs will exacerbate cell ferroptosis and immune function suppression, and is closely related to the poor prognosis of sepsis.

Objective To retrospectively assess the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at the Huiyin point combined with Qingdu wash solution in the treatment of high-risk HPV infection.Methods A total of 264 patients who were initially diagnosed with high-risk HPV infection at the University City Gynecology Department of Guang-dong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2022 and June 2024 were enrolled in the study.These patients were divided into two groups based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.The ob-servation group included 134 patients who received acupuncture at the Huiyin acupoint combined with Qingdu wash solution,while the control group consisted of 130 patients who did not receive any intervention.The treatment pe-riod lasted for three months,during which the short-term clinical efficacy and safety profile were evaluated.Results The HR-HPV clearance rates in the observation group at 3 months and 6 months were 61.9%and 65.7%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the control group(16.9%and 21.5%),and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.001).Following a three-month treatment regimen,the rate of HR-HPV positive-to-negative conversion in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group,with a statistically significant intergroup difference(P<0.001).The improvement in tra-ditional Chinese medicine(TCM)-related symptoms was also significantly better in the observation group compared to the control group(P<0.05).During the follow-up period,no cases of recurrence were observed in the observa-tion group,whereas the recurrence rate in the control group was 1.5%.Furthermore,no adverse reactions were re-ported in the observation group throughout the treatment period.Conclusion Acupuncture at the Huiyin point,when combined with Qingdu wash solution,can enhance the therapeutic outcomes of high-risk HPV infection and demonstrates a favorable safety profile.

Objective To retrospectively assess the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at the Huiyin point combined with Qingdu wash solution in the treatment of high-risk HPV infection.Methods A total of 264 patients who were initially diagnosed with high-risk HPV infection at the University City Gynecology Department of Guang-dong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2022 and June 2024 were enrolled in the study.These patients were divided into two groups based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.The ob-servation group included 134 patients who received acupuncture at the Huiyin acupoint combined with Qingdu wash solution,while the control group consisted of 130 patients who did not receive any intervention.The treatment pe-riod lasted for three months,during which the short-term clinical efficacy and safety profile were evaluated.Results The HR-HPV clearance rates in the observation group at 3 months and 6 months were 61.9%and 65.7%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the control group(16.9%and 21.5%),and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.001).Following a three-month treatment regimen,the rate of HR-HPV positive-to-negative conversion in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group,with a statistically significant intergroup difference(P<0.001).The improvement in tra-ditional Chinese medicine(TCM)-related symptoms was also significantly better in the observation group compared to the control group(P<0.05).During the follow-up period,no cases of recurrence were observed in the observa-tion group,whereas the recurrence rate in the control group was 1.5%.Furthermore,no adverse reactions were re-ported in the observation group throughout the treatment period.Conclusion Acupuncture at the Huiyin point,when combined with Qingdu wash solution,can enhance the therapeutic outcomes of high-risk HPV infection and demonstrates a favorable safety profile.

Objective:To investigate the effects of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) on ferroptosis and immune function of dendritic cells (DCs) in septic mice, and to provide a basis for improving the immunosuppression in sepsis caused by wound infection.Methods:This study was an experimental research. Sixty male C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to establish sepsis models. Ten mice were selected at 0 (immediately), 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after CLP surgery, respectively, according to the random number table method. Mouse splenic DCs were isolated using CD11c-positive magnetic beads. The protein expressions of TXNRD1, and anti-ferroptosis proteins solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in the cells were detected by Western blotting, the reduced glutathione (GSH) content in the cells was measured by colorimetric assay, the lipid peroxidation level was assessed via live-cell imaging technology, and the levels of major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ subtype I-A/I-E and leukocyte differentiation antigens CD80 and CD86 were detected by flow cytometry. Another 100 male C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided into corn oil+sham injury group, corn oil+CLP group, inhibitor+sham injury group, and inhibitor+CLP group according to the random number table method, with 25 mice in each group. Mice in the two inhibitor groups were intraperitoneally injected with TXNRD1 inhibitor auranofin, while mice in the two corn oil groups were intraperitoneally injected with corn oil. One hour later, mice in the two CLP groups underwent CLP surgery to establish sepsis models, while mice in the two sham injury groups underwent sham surgery. Twenty mice from each group were selected to observe survival within 7 d post-surgery, and the survival rate was calculated. At 24 h post-surgery, mouse splenic DCs from the remaining 5 mice in each group were collected for corresponding assays as above.Results:Compared with those at 0 h after CLP surgery, the protein expressions of TXNRD1, GPX4, and SLC7A11 in mouse cells at 24 h after CLP surgery and the protein expression of TXNRD1 in mouse cells at 48 h after CLP surgery were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), the GSH content in mouse cells was significantly decreased at 24 and 48 h after CLP surgery ( P<0.05). The lipid peroxidation level in mouse cells was low at 0, 6, and 12 h after CLP surgery, slightly lower than that at 72 h after CLP surgery; the lipid peroxidation levels in mouse cells at 24 and 48 h after CLP surgery were significantly higher than those at 0, 6, 12, and 72 h after CLP surgery. Compared with those at 0 h after CLP surgery, the levels of I-A/I-E and CD80 in mouse cells at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after CLP surgery and the levels of CD86 in mouse cells at 12, 24, and 48 h after CLP surgery were significantly increased ( P<0.05). At 24 h post-surgery, the protein expressions of TXNRD1, SLC7A11, and GPX4 in mouse cells in corn oil+CLP group were significantly lower than those in corn oil+sham injury group ( P<0.05), while the protein expressions of TXNRD1, SLC7A11, and GPX4 in mouse cells in inhibitor+CLP group were significantly lower than those in corn oil+CLP group and inhibitor+sham injury group ( P<0.05). At 24 h post-surgery, the content of GSH in mouse cells in corn oil+CLP group was (239±32) μg/mg, which was significantly lower than (366±59) μg/mg in corn oil +sham injury group ( P<0.05); the content of GSH in mouse cells in inhibitor+CLP group was (134±19) μg/mg, which was significantly lower than (355±31) μg/mg in inhibitor+sham injury group and that in corn oil+CLP group (with both P values <0.05). At 24 h post-surgery, the lipid peroxidation level of mouse cells in inhibitor+CLP group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups ( P<0.05). At 24 h post-surgery, the levels of I-A/I-E, CD80, and CD86 in mouse cells in corn oil+CLP group were significantly higher than those in corn oil+sham injury group ( P<0.05), while the levels of I-A/I-E and CD80 in mouse cells in inhibitor+CLP group were significantly higher than those in inhibitor+sham injury group ( P<0.05) but significantly lower than those in corn oil+CLP group ( P<0.05); the level of CD86 in mouse cells in inhibitor+sham injury group was significantly higher than that in corn oil+sham injury group ( P<0.05). Within 7 d post-surgery, the survival rate of mice in inhibitor+CLP group was significantly lower than that in inhibitor+sham injury group and corn oil+CLP group (with χ2 values of 31.19 and 3.91, respectively, both P values <0.05). Conclusions:In septic mice, the expression of TXNRD1 in DCs is reduced, cell ferroptosis is enhanced, and immune function is weakened. The inhibition of TXNRD1 in DCs will exacerbate cell ferroptosis and immune function suppression, and is closely related to the poor prognosis of sepsis.

Objective:To investigate the role of apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1) in ferroptosis of mouse dendritic cells (DCs) under simulated sepsis, providing evidence for improving immunosuppression in sepsis caused by wound infection.Methods:This study was an experimental research. The mouse DC line DC2.4 in the logarithmic growth phase (with passages 3-10) was used for the experiments (with each sample size of 3). The sepsis model was established by treating DCs with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS, same concentration throughout) for 0 (untreated), 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of APE1 and anti-ferroptosis proteins glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) in cells, flow cytometry was employed to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cells, and live-cell imaging technology was used to measure cell lipid peroxidation levels. DCs successfully transfected with lentivirus containing APE1 short hairpin RNA sequence were divided into APE1-knockdown+phosphate buffer solution (PBS) group and APE1-knockdown+LPS group. DCs successfully transfected with empty lentivirus were divided into empty vector+PBS group and empty vector+LPS group. After stimulation with PBS or LPS and 24 h of culture, corresponding assays were conducted as above. DCs transfected with lentivirus containing APE1 overexpression RNA sequence were divided into APE1-overexpression+PBS group and APE1-overexpression+LPS group. DCs transfected with empty lentivirus were divided into empty vector+PBS group and empty vector+LPS group. After stimulation with PBS or LPS and 24 h of culture, corresponding assays were conducted as above. A total of 88 male C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided into corn oil+sham injury group, corn oil+cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group, inhibitor+sham injury group, and inhibitor+CLP group ( n=22) according to the random number table. Mice in the two inhibitor groups were gavaged with APE1 inhibitor E3330 (1 mg/mL in concentration) at 40 mg/kg per day, while mice in the two corn oil groups were gavaged with an equal amount of corn oil daily. Two weeks later, mice in the two CLP groups underwent CLP surgery to establish a sepsis model, while mice in the two sham injury groups underwent sham injury. Sixteen mice from each group were selected to observe survival within 7 d post-surgery. At 24 h post-surgery, CD11c-positive magnetic beads were used to extract spleen DCs from the remaining six mice in each group for corresponding assays ( n=3) as above. Results:Compared with that of LPS treatment at 0 h, APE1 protein expression significantly increased in cells at 6 h of LPS treatment ( P<0.05), APE1 and GPX4 protein expressions significantly decreased at 24, 48, and 72 h of LPS treatment, SLC7A11 protein expression significantly decreased at 24 h of LPS treatment ( P<0.05), while the ROS level in cells ( P<0.05) and cell lipid peroxidation level significantly increased at 24, 48, and 72 h of LPS treatment. After 24 h of culture, the GPX4 protein expression of cells in APE1-knockdown+LPS group was significantly lower than that in APE1-knockdown+PBS group ( P<0.05), while the ROS level in cells ( P<0.05) and cell lipid peroxidation level were significantly higher than those in APE1-knockdown+PBS group and empty vector+LPS group. After 24 h of culture, APE1, SLC7A11, and GPX4 protein expressions of cells in APE1-overexpression+LPS group were significantly higher than those in empty vector+LPS group ( P<0.05), while the ROS level in cells ( P<0.05) and cell lipid peroxidation level were significantly lower than those in empty vector+LPS group. At 24 h post-surgery, APE1 and GPX4 protein expressions of mice cells in inhibitor+CLP group were significantly lower than those in inhibitor+sham injury group and corn oil+CLP group ( P<0.05); the ROS level of mice cells in corn oil+CLP group (12 693±913) was significantly higher than that in corn oil+sham injury group (4 205±805, P<0.05), while the ROS level of mice cells in inhibitor+CLP group (18 085±223) was significantly higher than that in inhibitor+sham injury group (4 381±787) and corn oil+CLP group (with P values all <0.05); the cell lipid peroxidation level of mice in inhibitor+CLP group was significantly higher than that in inhibitor+sham injury group and corn oil+CLP group. Within 7 d post-surgery, the survival ratio of mice in inhibitor+CLP group was significantly lower than that in inhibitor+sham injury group ( χ2=22.67, P<0.05). Conclusions:Under simulated sepsis, the APE1 expression in mouse DCs is decreased, and oxidative stress and ferroptosis are enhanced; knocking down the APE1 exacerbates DC ferroptosis, while APE1 overexpression effectively reduces DC ferroptosis. The inhibition of APE1 expression in DCs is closely associated with poor prognosis in sepsis.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk factors for relapse in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps(CRSwNP)combined with asthm and provide favorable information for precise treatment and healthy prognosis of patients with CRSwNP combined with asthma.METHODS The clinical data of 161 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps(CRSwNP)combined with asthm who underwent endoscopic surgery at the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Yantai Yuhuanding Hospital,affiliated to Qingdao University,from January 2016 to June 2021 were selected.Based on Lasso's Cox regression analysis and multifactorial Cox regression analysis,the associated risk factors were investigated,and the area under curve(AUC)was calculated to determine the performance of the model.Finally,the Kaplan-Meier(K-M)curves were plotted for the relevant influencing factors.RESULTS The Age[HR(95%CI):0.96(0.948-0.98),P<0.001],gender[HR(95%CI):1.94(1.21-3.14),P=0.006],tissue eosinophil percentage[HR(95%CI):1.01(1.01-1.02),P=0.004],and endoscopic nasal polyp score[HR(95%CI):0.86(0.78-0.96),P=0.005]were highly correlated with recurrence in patients with CRSwNP combined with asthma.Patients with CRSwNP combined with asthma had a higher likelihood of relapse after treatment when the tissue Eos%was>21.28%and the endoscopic nasal polyp score was>4.CONCLUSION The age,gender,tissue eosinophil percentage and endoscopic nasal polyp score are independent risk factors for disease recurrence in patients with CRSwNP combined with asthma.