The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine organ in the human body， and its dysfunction can cause varying degrees of liver injury， leading to liver failure in severe cases. Patients with hyperthyroidism have a relatively high incidence rate of liver dysfunction， manifesting as hepatocellular injury or cholestatic liver injury， while hypothyroidism is closely associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Autoimmune thyroid diseases， including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and subacute thyroiditis， are commonly comorbid with autoimmune liver disease. In addition， medications such as antithyroid drugs， amiodarone， and immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause severe liver injury through direct toxicity or immune-mediated mechanisms. Although significant progress has been achieved in related diagnosis and treatment techniques in recent years， there are still many challenges in pathogenesis， individualized treatment strategies， early warning， and prognostic evaluation. This article systematically reviews the research advances in liver injury associated with thyroid dysfunction and proposes the directions for future research， in order to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To explore the clinical value of artificial intelligence (AI) quantitative parameters in distinguishing pathological grades of stageⅠ invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC). Methods Clinical data of patients with clinical stageⅠ IAC admitted to Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University from October 2018 to May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the 2021 WHO pathological grading criteria for lung adenocarcinoma, IAC was divided into gradeⅠ, grade Ⅱ, and grade Ⅲ. The differences in parameters among the groups were compared, and logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of AI quantitative parameters for grade Ⅲ IAC patients. Parameters were screened using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Three machine learning models were constructed based on these parameters to predict grade Ⅲ IAC and were internally validated to assess their efficacy. Nomograms were used for visualization. Results A total of 261 IAC patients were included, including 101 males and 160 females, with an average age of 27-88 (61.96±9.17) years. Six patients had dual primary lesions, and different lesions from the same patient were analyzed as independent samples. There were 48 patients of gradeⅠ IAC, 89 patients of grade Ⅱ IAC, and 130 patients of grade Ⅲ IAC. There were statitical differences in the AI quantitive parameters such as consolidation/tumor ratio (CTR), ect among the three goups. (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that the differences in all variables except age were statistically significant (P<0.05) between the group gradeⅠ+grade Ⅱand the group grade Ⅲ . Multivariate analysis suggested that CTR and CT standard deviation were independent risk factors for identifying grade Ⅲ IAC, and the two were negatively correlated. Grade Ⅲ IAC exhibited advanced TNM staging, more pathological high-risk factors, higher lymph node metastasis rate, and higher proportion of advanced structure. CTR was positively correlated with the proportion of advanced structures in all patients. This correlation was also observed in grade Ⅲ but not in gradeⅠand grade ⅡIAC. CTR and CT median value were selected by using LASSO regression. Logistic regression, random forest, and XGBoost models were constructed and validated, among which, the XGBoost model demonstrated the best predictive performance. Conclusion Cautious consideration should be given to grade Ⅲ IAC when CTR is higher than 39.48% and CT standard deviation is less than 122.75 HU. The XGBoost model based on combined CTR and CT median value has good predictive efficacy for grade Ⅲ IAC, aiding clinicians in making personalized clinical decisions.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) represents a paradigmatic approach to personalized medicine, developed through the systematic accumulation and refinement of clinical empirical data over more than 2000 years, and now encompasses large-scale electronic medical records (EMR) and experimental molecular data. Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated its utility in medicine through the development of various expert systems (e.g., MYCIN) since the 1970s. With the emergence of deep learning and large language models (LLMs), AI's potential in medicine shows considerable promise. Consequently, the integration of AI and TCM from both clinical and scientific perspectives presents a fundamental and promising research direction. This survey provides an insightful overview of TCM AI research, summarizing related research tasks from three perspectives: systems-level biological mechanism elucidation, real-world clinical evidence inference, and personalized clinical decision support. The review highlights representative AI methodologies alongside their applications in both TCM scientific inquiry and clinical practice. To critically assess the current state of the field, this work identifies major challenges and opportunities that constrain the development of robust research capabilities-particularly in the mechanistic understanding of TCM syndromes and herbal formulations, novel drug discovery, and the delivery of high-quality, patient-centered clinical care. The findings underscore that future advancements in AI-driven TCM research will rely on the development of high-quality, large-scale data repositories; the construction of comprehensive and domain-specific knowledge graphs (KGs); deeper insights into the biological mechanisms underpinning clinical efficacy; rigorous causal inference frameworks; and intelligent, personalized decision support systems.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Precision Medicine ; Decision Support Systems, Clinical

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the ethnic origin of Chuanqing people, one of the largest unidentified ethnic groups in Guizhou, China, and analyze its genetic relationships with surrounding populations. METHODS: Based on a self-developed microhaplotype system, we conducted genotyping and analyzed the genetic distribution of microhaplotype loci and their forensic applicability in Chuanqing population in Guizhou Province. Using the microhaplotype data from different intercontinental populations and previously reported data from Han population living in Guizhou Province, we systematically investigated the genetic background of Chuanqing people through population genetic approaches, including genetic distance estimation, principal component analysis, and phylogenetic tree construction. RESULTS: Among the studied population, the number of haplotype per microhaplotype ranged from 6 to 25. The average expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho), power of discrimination (PD), and probability of exclusion (PE) were 0.8291, 0.8301, 0.9387, and 0.6593, respectively. The cumulative power of discrimination (CPD) and cumulative probability of exclusion (CPE) for these 33 loci were 1-2.62×10^-41 and 1-7.64×10^-17, respectively. Population genetic analyses revealed that the Chuanqing population had close genetic relationships with the East Asian populations, especially the local Guizhou Han population, Beijing Han population and the Han populations living in southern China. CONCLUSIONS The 33 microhaplotypes exhibit high levels of genetic diversity in the Guizhou Chuanqing population, highlighting their potentials for both forensic identification and parentage testing. The Han populations might have contributed a significant amount of genetic material to the Chuanqing population during the formation and development of the latter.
Humans ; China/ethnology* ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Phylogeny ; East Asian People/genetics*

Objective: To explore the influencing factors and pathways of suicidal ideation among children and adolescents with severe autism spectrum disorder (ASD), so as to provide references for clarifying the impact intensity and pathways of various factors on suicidal ideation in the population. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from June 17, 2024, to January 12, 2025, involving 96 severely affected ASD children and adolescents aged 8-18 years from Tianjin. Participants were assessed using the Puberty Development Scale (PDS), Children s Alexithymia Measure (CAM), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI). The random forest Boruta algorithm was employed to screen core variables, and a Bayesian network model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors of suicidal ideation in children and adolescents with severe ASD. Results: Through the screening using the Boruta algorithm, the SDQ scale score, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer relationship problems and prosocial behavior were identified as the key predictors of suicidal ideation. A Bayesian network model was established with hyperactivity as the central mediating node. The impact of hyperactivity on suicidal ideation exhibited a non linear relationship: compared to the normal state (31.6%, 68.4%), the borderline state of hyperactivity was associated with a higher probability of low risk suicidal ideation (47.1%) and a lower probability of high risk suicidal ideation (52.9%). Suicidal ideation among children and adolescents with severe ASD was closely related to hyperactivity. In the state of hyperactivity, the abnormal peer relationship (95.2%) and the abnormal prosocial behavior (77.0%) were aggravated. Conclusions Suicide ideation among children and adolescents with severe ASD is strongly associated with hyperactivity traits. It is necessary to establish a prevention and control system centered on hyperactivity intervention to reduce this risk.

Objective To investigate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation training intervention strategy in relieving fatigue of elderly patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)after receiving transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(T ACE),and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods Using convenience sampling method,a total of 150 elderly patients with HCC,who received TACE at a certain grade Ⅲ-A hospital at Peking of China from May 2021 to March 2023,were selected as the subjects of research.The patients were randomly divided into the study group and the control group,and progressive muscle relaxation training intervention strategy and conventional postoperative fatigue care method were employed respectively.The preoperative fatigue status and the postoperative fatigue recovery status were compared between the two groups,and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results In both groups,the postoperative one-day fatigue score was the highest,which was gradually decreased thereafter.The average recovery time of fatigue in the control group was 9.84 days,which in the study group was 6.16 days,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P=0.013).The body mass index(BMI),Child-Pugh classification,and preoperative grip strength index had an effect on the postoperative fatigue recovery time after intervention.A BMI of β=-0.953 and a preoperative grip strength index of β=-0.185 were negatively correlated with the postoperative fatigue recovery time after intervention,while a Child-Pugh classification of β=2.177 was positively correlated with the postoperative fatigue recovery time after intervention.Conclusion Progressive muscle relaxation training intervention strategy is helpful for shortening the postoperative fatigue recovery time in elderly patients with HCC after receiving TACE,and it is worth of promotion in clinical practice.The patient's nutrition and physical status such as BMI,hepatic reserve function and grip strength index,are the factors influencing the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation training intervention strategy.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for determining the content of 11 antioxidants and their degradation products in recombinant Exendin-4-FC fusion protein injection by HPLC. METHODS The protein was precipitated with saturated ammonium sulfate. After centrifugation, the supernatant was transferred to a C18 solid phase extraction cartridge activated by methanol. Then the cartridge was eluted with 4 mL of methanol and 5 mL of ethyl acetate respectively, and the eluent was diluted with methanol-ethyl acetate(2∶3) mixed solvent and passed through a 0.22 µm PTFE hydrophobic filter. It was analyzed by HPLC and quantified by external standard method. Chromatographic conditions: Kinetex® XB-C18 100Å (100 mm×4.6 mm, 2.6 µm)column, the detection wavelength was 230 nm, the column oven was 30 ℃, the injection volume was 5 µL and the flow rate was 0.4 mL·min–1, mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid-methanol(A)-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution(B), the running time was 45 min. RESULTS The 11 target substances showed a good linear relationship in the range of 2.5−35 μg·mL–1 with R2 ≥0.99. At three different concentration(25, 10, 5 μg·mL–1) of spiked samples, the average recovery rates of 11 antioxidants ranged from 88.1% to 106.5%, with RSDs in the range of 0.10%–9.05%. The RSDs of 6 repeatable samples was 2.01%–4.77%, which of 12 intermediate precision samples was 2.58%–9.75%. The positive/inverted samples of three batches of recombinant Exendin-4-FC fusion protein injection were detected at 0 month, 3 months and 6 months(25 ℃), and the results showed that there was no antioxidant and its degradation leaching in all batches of samples at different detection points. CONCLUSION The method has good specificity, high accuracy and precision, good solution stability, high durability and can be used for the content detection of antioxidants in drugs.

Objective:To analyze the effect of donepezil hydrochloride combined with memantine on cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 90 patients with AD who were treated at the Zaozhuang Mental Health Center from January 2021 to March 2023. The patients were divided into a donepezil group and a combination group using a random number table grouping method, with 45 patients in each group. The donepezil hydrochloride group received only oral administration of donepezil hydrochloride tablets, while the combination group received oral administration of both donepezil hydrochloride tablets and memantine tablets. The two groups were continuously treated for 12 weeks. Before and after treatment, the Activities of Daily Living scale (ADL) score, the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD) score, the Mini-Mental State Scale (MMSE) score, and biochemical indicators (homocysteine, neuron-specific enolase, and S100 β) were compared between the two groups. Adverse drug reactions were observed in each group.Results:After treatment, the ADL, BEHAVE-AD, and MMSE scores in the combination group were (78.9 ± 6.1) points, (5.2 ± 0.5) points, and (22.8 ± 2.2) points, respectively, and they were (65.2 ± 5.9) points, (9.6 ± 0.9) points, and (19.4 ± 2.4) points, respectively, in the donepezil hydrochloride group. The ADL and MMSE scores in the combination group were significantly higher than those in the donepezil hydrochloride group ( t = 10.83, 7.01, both P < 0.001). The BEHAVE-AD score in the combination group was significantly lower than that in the donepezil hydrochloride group ( t = -28.67, P < 0.001). After treatment, serum levels of homocysteine, neuron-specific enolase, and S100 β in the combination group were (17.8 ± 3.6) μmol/L, (16.8 ± 2.7) μg/L, and (17.4 ± 7.5) μg/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than (21.5 ± 3.3) μmol/L, (20.4 ± 3.7) μg/L, and (23.5 ± 5.1) μg/L in the donepezil hydrochloride group ( t = -5.08, -5.27, -4.51, all P < 0.001). The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the combination group was 13.3% (6/45), which was slightly, but not significantly, higher than 8.9% (4/45) in the donepezil group ( χ2 = 0.45, P = 0.502). Conclusion:The combination of donepezil hydrochloride and memantine can effectively improve the mental and behavioral symptoms and cognitive function of patients with AD, improve daily living ability, and do not increase adverse reactions. The combined therapy has high clinical application value.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of statins combined with PCSK9 inhibitors on coronary artery atherosclerotic plaque, as well as to verify the lipid-lowering effect of the combined therapy.Methods:A computerized search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, and CNKI databases was conducted to retrieve published literature from inception to December 20, 2022. The English search terms utilized included "PCSK9 inhibitors," "Alirocumab," "Evolocumab," "plaque," "IVUS," and "OCT." The corresponding Chinese search terms were "PCSK9 inhibitors," "plateau," "intravascular ultrasound," and "optical coherence tomography." The literature that examined the effect of statins alone or in combination with PCSK9 inhibitors on coronary atherosclerotic plaques using intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography was identified. The collected data were subsequently processed using Review Manager (Revman) version 5.4.Results:In the final analysis, nine studies involving 1912 patients were included. The analysis results revealed that compared with statins alone, statins combined with PCSK9 inhibitors significantly reduced the percentage of atherosclerotic volume ( MD: -2.08 mm 3, 95% CI: -2.94 to -1.23 mm 3, P < 0.001), accelerated the regression of atherosclerotic volume ( MD: -1.13 mm 3, 95% CI: -1.49 to -0.77 mm 3, P < 0.001), slightly, but not significantly, reduced the overall atherosclerotic volume ( MD: -6.42 mm 3, 95% CI: -14.34-1.51 mm 3, P = 0.110). Nevertheless, the combined therapy contributed to a significant reduction in atherosclerotic volume ( MD: -5.16 mm 3, 95% CI: -7.09 to -3.23 mm 3, P < 0.001) and significantly increased the fiber cap thickness of thin cap plaques ( MD: 8.46 μm, 95% CI: 5.13-11.79 μm, P < 0.001). Additionally, this combined therapy significantly lowered blood lipid levels. Conclusion:The combination of statins and PCSK9 inhibitors can significantly improve the characteristics and phenotype of atherosclerotic plaques and significantly reduce blood lipid levels. For patients with high cardiovascular risk, it is recommended to initiate treatment with statins combined with PCSK9 inhibitors as soon as possible and maintain it for a long time to ensure more benefits.

Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)remains a significant global health burden,and there is an urgent need for new treatment options.Trophoblast cell surface antigen-2(TROP-2),a target closely associated with NSCLC prog-nosis,has become a research hotspot in recent years.Notably,TROP-2-targeted antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)have made groundbreaking advances in NSCLC therapy.Clinical studies have demonstrated that certain TROP-2 ADCs can significantly improve progression-free survival in previously treated patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC,regardless of the presence of actionable genomic alterations.These agents have shown promising potential in both frontline and subsequent treatment settings.In terms of safety,while adverse effects affecting the hematologic,respiratory,and gastrointestinal systems are gener-ally manageable,close clinical monitoring and timely management are still required.In conclusion,TROP-2 ADCs hold great promise in the treatment of NSCLC.