Objective: To explore the dynamic developmental trajectories of college students class belongingness during their college years and its longitudinal predictive effects on depressive symptoms, so as to provide targeted insights for precise campus psychological interventions. Methods: In October 2021 (T1), a total of 4 720 college students from a university in Shandong Province were selected by cluster sampling method and followed up for 3 years. Surveys were conducted annually (T2: October 2022, T3: October 2023, T4: October 2024). The Class Belongingness Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess students class belongingness and depressive symptoms. Latent growth mixture modeling was employed to identify trajectories of class belonging, and multinomial Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the predictive effects of these trajectory classes on depressive symptoms. Results: Mean scores of class belongingness across T1-T4 were (73.24±11.95, 74.76±12.25, 75.25±12.38, 77.64±11.63), and the scores of depressive symptoms were [1.00 (0, 5.00), 0 (0, 3.00), 0 (0, 2.00), 0 (0, 2.00)]. The developmental trajectories of class belongingness were categorized into three types: the high-starting ascending group ( 56.61 %), the low-starting descending group (11.91%), and the medium-starting stable group (31.48%). Multinomial Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared to the medium-starting stable group, the high-starting ascending group had a lower probability of developing mild depressive symptoms ( OR=0.27, 95%CI =0.15-0.47) and moderate or above depressive symptoms ( OR=0.29, 95% CI = 0.14-0.60) (both P <0.05). Conversely, the low-starting descending group had a higher probability of developing mild depressive symptoms ( OR=2.31, 95%CI =1.65-3.22) and moderate or above depressive symptoms ( OR=7.49, 95%CI = 3.82-14.69) (both P <0.05). Conclusion Declining trajectory of class belongingness is a risk factor for depressive symptoms, while sustained upward trend may mitigate such risks.

BACKGROUND:U937 cells can be used as a cell model for studying the biological characteristics,signaling pathways,and therapeutic targets of acute myeloid leukemia.Although it has been reported that long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia,its biological function in U937 cells remains unclear,and its mechanism of action in the occurrence and development of acute myeloid leukemia needs to be further clarified. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression level of long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 in peripheral blood of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and its effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of U937 cells. METHODS:RNA-sequencing was used to analyze the bone marrow monocyte samples from acute myeloid leukemia patients,and the differentially expressed gene long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 was screened.The expression of long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 in peripheral blood of patients with acute myeloid leukemia was detected by qRT-PCR.The relationship between long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 mRNA expression and prognosis in bone marrow cells of 173 acute myeloid leukemia patients and 70 healthy people was statistically analyzed by GEPIA database.Subsequently,recombinant lentivirus technology and CRISPR/Cas9-SAM technology were used to construct U937 cell lines with knockdown/overexpression of long non-coding RNA KIAA0125.qRT-PCR was used to detect the knockdown/overexpression efficiency of long non-coding RNA KIAA0125.Next,CCK-8 assay,flow cytometry,and western blot assay were used to detect the effects of knockdown/overexpression of long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 on the proliferation and apoptosis of U937 cells.Finally,western blot assay was used to detect the effect of knockdown/overexpressed long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of qRT-PCR showed that long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 was highly expressed in peripheral blood of acute myeloid leukemia patients.The results of GEPIA database showed that long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 was highly expressed in bone marrow cells of acute myeloid leukemia patients,and the high expression group had worse overall survival.(2)The knockdown efficiency of long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 in knockdown group was 70%,and the U937 cells that stably down-regulated long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 expression were successfully constructed.The expression of long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 in overexpression group was four times that of vector group,and stable U937 cells were successfully constructed.(3)Knockdown of long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 inhibited the proliferation of U937 cells and promoted their apoptosis.Overexpression of long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 promoted the proliferation of U937 cells but had no significant effect on the apoptosis of U937 cells.(4)Knockdown of long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 inhibited the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,while overexpression of long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.These results confirm that long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia peripheral blood.Long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 may affect the proliferation and apoptosis of U937 cells by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,and may be a potential prognostic marker for acute myeloid leukemia.

Objective To explore the value of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)combined with diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant prostate lesions in the peripheral zone.Methods A total of 80 patients with prostate lesions in the peripheral zone were selected.With biopsy results as the gold standard,the patients were divided into benign prostate lesion group and malignant prostate lesion group.The value of DCE-MRI combined with DWI in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant prostate lesions in the peripheral zone was analyzed.Results Prostate-specific antigen(PSA)level in the malignant prostate lesion group was significantly higher than that in the benign prostate lesion group(P＜0.05).The Ktrans,Kep and Ve in the malignant prostate lesion group were significantly higher than those in the benign prostate lesion group(P＜0.05),and the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)value was significantly lower than that in the benign prostate lesion group(P＜0.05).According to the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis,the evaluation model was established.Receiver oper-ating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve(AUC)for distinguishing benign and malignant pros-tate lesions in the peripheral zone was 0.905,the sensitivity and specificity were 0.735 and 0.950.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the Ktrans,Kep and Ve were positively correlated with PSA level in the malignant prostate lesion group,while the ADC value was negatively correlated with PSA level(P＜0.05).Conclusion The quantitative parameters(Ktrans,Kep and Ve)of DCE-MRI and ADC value of DWI are independent influencing factors of malignant prostate lesions in the peripheral zone.The evaluation model construc-ted based on these factors has high value in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant prostate lesions in the peripheral zone.

Central memory T (Tcm) cells are a crucial subset in T cell development, playing an important role in long-term immune responses. Tcm cells exhibit strong proliferative capacity, long-term survival characteristics, and re-activation potential, enabling them to rapidly differentiate into effector T cells (Teff) upon antigen re-exposure, thus providing robust immune protection. The function of Tcm cells is regulated by various factors, including antigen exposure, cytokines, and metabolic conditions. A deeper understanding of their metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms under different pathological conditions will contribute to the development of more precise and effective immunotherapeutic strategies. This review elaborates on the origin and characteristics of Tcm cells, as well as their roles in antiviral responses, tumor immunity, and immunotherapy.
Humans ; Memory T Cells/cytology* ; Animals ; Immunologic Memory ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Immunotherapy

Objective To explore the value of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)combined with diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant prostate lesions in the peripheral zone.Methods A total of 80 patients with prostate lesions in the peripheral zone were selected.With biopsy results as the gold standard,the patients were divided into benign prostate lesion group and malignant prostate lesion group.The value of DCE-MRI combined with DWI in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant prostate lesions in the peripheral zone was analyzed.Results Prostate-specific antigen(PSA)level in the malignant prostate lesion group was significantly higher than that in the benign prostate lesion group(P＜0.05).The Ktrans,Kep and Ve in the malignant prostate lesion group were significantly higher than those in the benign prostate lesion group(P＜0.05),and the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)value was significantly lower than that in the benign prostate lesion group(P＜0.05).According to the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis,the evaluation model was established.Receiver oper-ating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve(AUC)for distinguishing benign and malignant pros-tate lesions in the peripheral zone was 0.905,the sensitivity and specificity were 0.735 and 0.950.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the Ktrans,Kep and Ve were positively correlated with PSA level in the malignant prostate lesion group,while the ADC value was negatively correlated with PSA level(P＜0.05).Conclusion The quantitative parameters(Ktrans,Kep and Ve)of DCE-MRI and ADC value of DWI are independent influencing factors of malignant prostate lesions in the peripheral zone.The evaluation model construc-ted based on these factors has high value in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant prostate lesions in the peripheral zone.

Objective: Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family members (SLAMFs) play a critical role in immune regulation of malignancies. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value and function of SLAMFs in ovarian cancer (OC). Methods: The expression analysis of SLAMFs was conducted based on The Cancer Genome Atlas Ovarian Cancer Collection (TCGA-OV) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was further performed on tissue arrays (n=98) to determine the expression of SLAMF7. Kaplan-Meier plotter and multivariate Cox regression model were used to evaluate the correlation of SLAMF7 expression with survival outcomes of patients. The molecular function of SLAMF7 in OC was further investigated using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Results: SLAMF7 mRNA expression were significantly upregulated in OC tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. IHC revealed that SLAMF7 expression was located in the interstitial parts of tumor tissue, and higher SLAMF7 expression was associated with favorable survival outcomes. GSEA demonstrated that SLAMF7 is involved immune-related pathways. Further analysis showed that SLAMF7 had a strong correlation with the T cellspecific biomarker (CD3) but not with the B cell (CD19, CD22, and CD23) and natural killer cell-specific biomarkers (CD85C, CD336, and CD337). Furthermore, IHC analysis confirmed that SLAMF7 was expressed in tumor-infiltrating T cells, and the IHC score of SLAMF7 was positively correlated with CD3 (r=0.85, p<0.001). Conclusion SLAMF7 is expressed in the interstitial components of clinical OC tissue, and higher SLAMF7 expression indicated a favorable prognosis for patients with OC.Additionally, SLAMF7 is involved in T-cell immune infiltration in OC.

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is designed to provide protection against tuberculosis (TB). However, numerous epidemiological, clinical, and immunological studies have shown that BCG vaccination affects neonatal and infant mortality, which may be related to the reduction of TB-unrelated infections and diseases by BCG vaccine. We aimed to discuss the off-target effects of BCG vaccine on un-TB infections and diseases, as well as the potential mechanism and influencing factors. Literature was retrieved mainly from PubMed using medical subject headings "BCG, variations, and non-specific, heterologous or off-target". Studies have showed that BCG vaccination can prevent various heterologous infections, including respiratory tract infections, leprosy, and malaria, treat viral infections including human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus infection as immunotherapy, and improve the immune responses as vaccine adjuvant. Besides, BCG vaccine can reduce the recurrence rate of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and may provide protection against autoimmune diseases. These off-target effects of BCG vaccine are thought to be achieved by modulating heterologous lymphocyte responses or inducing trained immunity, which were found to be sex-differentiated and affected by the BCG vaccine strains, sequence or time of vaccination.

Objective: Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family members (SLAMFs) play a critical role in immune regulation of malignancies. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value and function of SLAMFs in ovarian cancer (OC). Methods: The expression analysis of SLAMFs was conducted based on The Cancer Genome Atlas Ovarian Cancer Collection (TCGA-OV) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was further performed on tissue arrays (n=98) to determine the expression of SLAMF7. Kaplan-Meier plotter and multivariate Cox regression model were used to evaluate the correlation of SLAMF7 expression with survival outcomes of patients. The molecular function of SLAMF7 in OC was further investigated using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Results: SLAMF7 mRNA expression were significantly upregulated in OC tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. IHC revealed that SLAMF7 expression was located in the interstitial parts of tumor tissue, and higher SLAMF7 expression was associated with favorable survival outcomes. GSEA demonstrated that SLAMF7 is involved immune-related pathways. Further analysis showed that SLAMF7 had a strong correlation with the T cellspecific biomarker (CD3) but not with the B cell (CD19, CD22, and CD23) and natural killer cell-specific biomarkers (CD85C, CD336, and CD337). Furthermore, IHC analysis confirmed that SLAMF7 was expressed in tumor-infiltrating T cells, and the IHC score of SLAMF7 was positively correlated with CD3 (r=0.85, p<0.001). Conclusion SLAMF7 is expressed in the interstitial components of clinical OC tissue, and higher SLAMF7 expression indicated a favorable prognosis for patients with OC.Additionally, SLAMF7 is involved in T-cell immune infiltration in OC.

Objective: Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family members (SLAMFs) play a critical role in immune regulation of malignancies. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value and function of SLAMFs in ovarian cancer (OC). Methods: The expression analysis of SLAMFs was conducted based on The Cancer Genome Atlas Ovarian Cancer Collection (TCGA-OV) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was further performed on tissue arrays (n=98) to determine the expression of SLAMF7. Kaplan-Meier plotter and multivariate Cox regression model were used to evaluate the correlation of SLAMF7 expression with survival outcomes of patients. The molecular function of SLAMF7 in OC was further investigated using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Results: SLAMF7 mRNA expression were significantly upregulated in OC tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. IHC revealed that SLAMF7 expression was located in the interstitial parts of tumor tissue, and higher SLAMF7 expression was associated with favorable survival outcomes. GSEA demonstrated that SLAMF7 is involved immune-related pathways. Further analysis showed that SLAMF7 had a strong correlation with the T cellspecific biomarker (CD3) but not with the B cell (CD19, CD22, and CD23) and natural killer cell-specific biomarkers (CD85C, CD336, and CD337). Furthermore, IHC analysis confirmed that SLAMF7 was expressed in tumor-infiltrating T cells, and the IHC score of SLAMF7 was positively correlated with CD3 (r=0.85, p<0.001). Conclusion SLAMF7 is expressed in the interstitial components of clinical OC tissue, and higher SLAMF7 expression indicated a favorable prognosis for patients with OC.Additionally, SLAMF7 is involved in T-cell immune infiltration in OC.

Obesity is a chronic， recurrent， and progressive metabolic disorder characterized by the abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat caused by multiple factors such as genetics， dietary structure， lifestyle and behavior， psychology， environment， and society， leading to an energy surplus. Obesity is a major risk factor that increases the risk of developing various chronic diseases， including type 2 diabetes， hypertension， cardiovascular diseases， stroke， and certain malignancies. The global incidence of obesity is increasing year by year. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards， more than half of adults in China are now overweight or obese， posing a serious threat to people's health and increasing the social and economic burden. It has become a pressing major public health issue that needs to be addressed urgently. The concept of obesity can be traced back to the Huangdi’s Internal Classic （Huang Di Nei Jing）， which describes it as "the problems in fat and affluent people are caused by excessive taking of rich food"， and suggests that ''frequent intake of rich and greasy foods can produce interior heat. Sweet flavor causes chest fullness. That is why its spleen-Qi flows upwards and changes into consumption-thirst disease. It can be treated by Eupatorii Herba which is used to remove stagnant Qi''. The stagnant qi is caused by the transformation failure of rich and greasy food and wine， so obesity is the disease of stagnant qi. Obesity is caused by indulging in rich and greasy food， wine， spicy and flavorful foods， raw and cold foods， and sweet and greasy foods， or overeating and leading a sedentary lifestyle， staying up late， or experiencing emotional imbalances such as excessive joy， anger， worry， pensiveness， and fear. It can also be caused by congenital abnormalities， leading to improper functioning of the spleen and stomach， dysregulation of the absorption and secretion of the small intestine， and the accumulation of stagnant Qi in the organs and muscles， resulting in a plump physique. The intake of food and drink depends on the functions of the stomach in receiving and decomposing， the small intestine in absorbing and secreting， and the spleen in transforming and transporting. The affected organs in obesity are the spleen， stomach， and small intestine. Orchids， specifically Eupatorii Herba and Lycopi Herba， are aromatic herbs that can regulate the smooth flow of Qi， eliminate stagnation， and cleanse impurities. In a broader sense， any aromatic and pungent substance that can invigorate the spleen， promote clarity， harmonize the stomach， reduce turbidity， and assist in the normal secretion and absorption functions of the small intestine， thereby eliminating excess， is referred to as orchid. Therefore， the treatment principle for obesity is to use ''orchids to eliminate stagnant Qi''， aiming to regulate the functions of the spleen， stomach， and small intestine using aromatic and pungent substances， gradually eliminating excessive dampness， phlegm， turbidity， and heat， and restore the balance of the middle energizer. This way， individuals who are obese can achieve a non-obese state.