ObjectiveThis study aimed to provide a scientific basis for the safety management of drinking water by assessing the contamination levels of 21 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water samples collected from the Yangtze River Delta region. MethodsSolid-phase extraction coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was employed to determine 21 PFASs in 6 source water samples, 20 treated water samples, and 60 tap water samples collected from 5 administrative districts in the Yangtze River Delta region across four seasons in 2023. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare differences in PFAS concentrations among the three types of water samples, followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni correction. Removal efficiencies of target compounds were also calculated. ResultsAmong the 86 samples, 14 PFASs were detected, with 7 compounds detected in 100% of samples. The total concentrations of PFASs in source water, treated water, and tap water ranged from 63.85 to 190.54 ng·L^-¹, 55.75 to 774.36 ng·L^-¹, and 40.72 to 689.80 ng·L^-¹, respectively. The compounds with the highest median concentrations were perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) (40.19, 15.20, and 14.05 ng·L^-¹), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) (29.69, 32.62, and 34.24 ng·L^-¹), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (17.65, 39.45, and 36.83 ng·L^-¹), and potassium perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) (16.99, 24.38, and 23.89 ng·L^-¹). Notably, concentrations of PFOA (7.71‒71.63 ng·L^-¹) and PFOS (-¹) in tap water were below the regulatory limits specified in GB 5749‒2022 Standards for Drinking Water Quality (PFOA: 0.000 08 mg·L^-1, PFOS: 0.000 04 mg·L^-1). Significant seasonal variations in PFAS concentrations were observed, with total PFAS levels in March being higher than those in September and November (adjusted P<0.001, and P=0.006), and levels in May being higher than those in September (adjusted P=0.037). The removal efficiencies of PFASs in the water treatment plants ranged from -14% to 34%. ConclusionPFAS contamination is widespread in source water, treated water, and tap water in the Yangtze River Delta region, and concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in all tested water samples comply with the Chinese national standards for drinking water quality (GB 5749‒2022). The use of PFASs should be continuously regulated to ensure water safety.

Objective: To explore the association between negative life events and smartphone addiction among middle school students, so as to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for prevention and intervention of smartphone addiction among middle school students. Methods: Using cluster sampling, 8 890 students were selected to survey from 27 junior high schools and 3 senior high schools in a district of Shenzhen in 2022 (baseline) and 2023 (followup). Data were collected through selfresigned questionnaires on basic information, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and the Adolescent Selfrating Life Events Checklist. Mixedeffects models were employed to analyze the association. Results: Compared to 2022, the punishment scores of middle school students in 2023 [1.00 (0.00, 6.00) and 1.00 (0.00, 6.00)] decreased (Z=4.27), while the scores of interpersonal stress, learning stress and adaptation [4.00(0.00, 8.00), 4.00(0.00, 8.00); 4.00(1.00, 8.00), 5.00(2.00, 9.00); 2.00 (0.00, 6.00), 3.00 (0.00, 7.00)] increased (Z=-3.04, -8.36, -6.80) (P<0.01). Mixedeffects models revealed a positive doseresponse relationship between negative life events and smartphone addiction (OR=1.08-1.17, P<0.01). Stepwise regression showed independent positive effects of interpersonal stress (OR=1.05), academic stress (OR=1.03), and adaptation stress (OR=1.11) on smartphone addiction (P<0.01). Subgroup analysis of nonaddicted students in 2022 confirmed persistent associations for academic stress (OR=1.03) and adaptation (OR=1.07) (P<0.01). Conclusion Negative life events exhibit a positive doseresponse relationship with smartphone addiction, particularly interpersonal stress, academic stress, and adaptationrelated events.

Objective: To explore the longitudinal association between only-child status and smartphone addiction among middle school students, so as to provide a basis for establishing family intervention measures for smartphone addiction in middle school students. Methods: In October 2022 and October 2023, a preliminary survey and follow-up were conducted among 8 759 middle and high school students from 30 schools in a district of Shenzhen. A self-designed questionnaire was used to determine whether the students were the only-child, and the Chinese Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (C-SAS-SV) was utilized to assess the students smartphone addiction status. A multilevel mixed-effects model and subgroup analysis were applied to examine the association between only-child status and smartphone addiction among middle school students. Results: During 2022 to 2023, the prevalence of smartphone addiction in the cohort of middle school students increased from 24.1% to 25.2%. Compared with only-child, non-only child were more likely to be addicted to smartphones (adjusted model: OR =1.2, 95% CI =1.1-1.4) and also scored higher on smartphone addiction (adjusted model: β =0.9, 95% CI =0.2-1.5)( P <0.05). Subgroup analysis further revealed that compared to baseline, non-only child demonstrated an increased prevalence of smartphone addiction (adjusted model: OR = 1.2 , 95% CI =1.0-1.5) and higher addiction scores (adjusted model: β =0.8, 95% CI =0.2-1.5) after one year( P <0.05). Conclusions Non-only child face higher risk of smartphone addiction. Under the current population policy, it is crucial to address smartphone addiction among middle school students who is not only child.

Objective: To explore the potential causal association between adolescent compulsive behaviour and smartphone addiction based on longitudinal data, so as to provide reference for the establishment of adolescent smartphone addiction interventions. Methods: A preliminary survey and follow-up were conducted on 8 907 middle and high school students in a district of Shenzhen in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Compulsive behaviours were measured by using the Mental Health Inventory for Middle School Students-60 Items (MMHI-60), smartphone addiction was assessed by using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version ( SAS- SV), and the associations between compulsive behaviours and smartphone addiction were analysed by using multilevel mixed-effects models and subgroup analyses. Results: Smartphone addiction detection rates among middle school students were significantly associated with genders, father s education level, mother s education level, study load subgroups, and whether or not they were single-parent families, and there were statistical differences ( χ 2=17.21-175.34, P <0.05). Students with compulsive behaviours were 2.98 times more likely to develop smartphone addiction than those without compulsive behaviours ( OR=2.98, 95%CI=2.77-3.22, P <0.05). Subgroup analysis of middle school students without smartphone addiction in the first year found that compulsive behaviours significantly predicted smartphone addiction ( OR= 1.76 , 95%CI=1.54-2.01, P <0.05). Conclusion There is a potential causal association between obsessive-compulsive behaviours and smartphone addiction in middle school students, and obsessive-compulsive behaviours in middle school students could significantly predicted the occurrence of smartphone addiction.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of herpangina (HA) and its correlation with the incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children aged ≤6 years in Yinzhou District of Ningbo from 2017 to 2022.Methods:Epidemiological characteristics of HA in children aged ≤6 years were analyzed based on the electronic medical record data and public health management data from 2017 to 2022 collected from the Health Information Platform of Yinzhou. The incidence of HFMD was calculated using the infectious disease reporting data from the public health management data. Autoregressive integrated moving average model and cross-correlation function were used to evaluate the correlation between the incidence of HA and HFMD.Results:From 2017 to 2022, a total of 25 385 cases of HA were detected in children aged ≤6 years in Yinzhou, the male-to-female ratio of the cases was 1.12∶1. The average annual incidence of HA was 4 986.67/100 000, with the highest incidence in 2018 (10 477.09/100 000) and the lowest incidence in 2020 (870.88/100 000). The incidence peak of HA was during June to July. The incidence of HA was higher in age group 1 year (7 950.45/100 000) than in other age groups. The incidences of HA in Yunlong, Jiangshan and Xiaying were higher, with the incidence of 8 764.31/100 000, 8 377.58/100 000 and 7 965.31/100 000, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the incidence of HA and HFMD at lag day 0, 7, 12 and 18 were 0.199, 0.139, 0.090 and 0.086, respectively (all P<0.05). Conclusions:From 2017 to 2022, the incidence of HA was high in children aged ≤6 years in Yinzhou with obvious seasonality and area difference. The incidence of HA was correlated with the incidence of HFMD and the incidence of HFMD had certain lags. The comprehensive prevention and control of HA and HFMD should be further strengthened by prioritizing HA surveillance and implementing integrated surveillance and management of HA and HFMD.

Objective: To propose reasonable suggestions to promote the standardization of clinical studies by reviewing the systematic reviews and meta-analyses of acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of essential hypertension (EH). Methods: Computer retrieval was conducted through Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP), China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM), and Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang) to collect systematic reviews and meta-analyses relevant to treating EH with acupuncture-moxibustion therapy. The time range was from the database's inception till July, 2020. The studies were screened based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and then data-extracted. The study's quality and evidence ratings were performed by referring to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA), a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2), and the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE). Results: A total of 14 studies, 10 in Chinese and 4 in English, published between 2012 and 2019, were included, involving 70 outcome measures. The methodological quality was rated as critically low, the reporting was relatively complete or had certain flaws, and the evidence strength was rated as low or very low. Conclusion: Regarding the acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of EH, the methodological quality and outcome measure evidence of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses are relatively low, and the reporting quality also expects further improvements.

Calcium ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease/therapy*

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of CYP2C19 and CYP3A5 gene polymorphisms with the risk of myocardial infarction. METHODS: Five hundred patients with myocardial infarction and 500 healthy controls were randomly selected. Fluorescent PCR and Sanger sequencing were used to detect the CYP2C19 and CYP3A5 gene polymorphisms. Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between the polymorphisms and myocardial infarction. Quanto software was used to evaluate the statistical power. RESULTS: The two groups had significant difference in the frequency of AG, GG genotypes and A allele of the CYP2C19 gene rs4986893 locus and the AA, AG, GG genotypes and G allele of the CYP3A5 gene rs776746 locus ( P<0.05), but not in the frequency of genotypes and alleles of CYP2C19 gene rs4244285 and rs12248560 loci, and the AA genotype of the rs4986893 locus. After correction for age, gender, and body mass index, Logistic regression indicated that the AG genotype and A allele of the CYP2C19 gene rs4986893 locus, and the GG genotype and G allele of CYP3A5 gene rs776746 locus are associated with susceptibility of myocardial infarction, while rs4986893 GG genotype and AA and AG genotypes of rs776746 may confer a protective effect. Based on the sample size and allele frequency, analysis with Quanto software suggested that the result of this study has a statistical power of 99%. CONCLUSION CYP2C19 and CYP3A5 gene polymorphisms may increase the risk for myocardial infarction.
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19/genetics* ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A/genetics* ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

OBJECTIVE：To study the effects and mechanism of panaxadiol （PD） on Tau protein phosphorylation in the SH-SY5Y cells transfected with APP gene（APP-SH-SY5Y）. METHODS ：The target of PD and non-receptor tyrosine kinases Fyn was verified by molecular docking. SH-SY 5Y cells were cultured in vitro ，and the APP-SH-SY 5Y cell models and green fluorescent （GFP）-SH-SY5Y cell model （control cell ）was constructed. The expression of Aβ1-42 was detected so as to verify the success of APP-SH-SY5Y cell model. Taking GFP-SH-SY 5Y cells as control ，the effects of 5，10，20，30，40 μmol/L PD and 125，250， 500，1 000，2 000 nmol/L PP 2（Fyn inhibitor ，positive control ）on the survival rate of APP-SH-SY 5Y cells were detected by CCK-8 assay after treated for 24 h，so as to confirm the optimal concentration. The concentration of Ca 2 + ，the ratio fophosphorylated Tau protein （p-Tau）/Tau，phosphorylatedn Src（p-Src）/Fyn and phosphorylated glutamate receptor 2B（p-GluN2B）/ GluN2B were detected in APP-SH-SY 5Y cells after trated with the optimal concentration of PD and PP 2 for 24 h. RESULTS ：The results of molecular simulation docking showed that PD could target Fyn protein. Compared with GFP-SH-SY 5Y cells ，the protein expression of Aβ1-42 in APP-SH-SY 5Y cell were increased significantly （P＜0.01）. The optimal concentration of PD and PP 2 were 20 μmol/L and 500 nmol/L. The 20 μmol/L PD and 500 nmol/L PP 2 could increase the survival rate of the cells and reduced the concentration of Ca 2+，the ratio of p-Tau/Tau ，p-Src/Fyn，and p-GluN 2B/GluN2B. CONCLUSIONS：PD can reduce the the phosphorylation of Tau protein through inhibiting Fyn/GluN 2B signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the expressions of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in recurrent patients after radical gastrectomy and its correlation with clinicopathologic features and prognosis.Methods:The clinical data of 116 recurrent patients after radical gastrectomy between December 2011 and March 2019 in Fujian Cancer Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between HER2 expression of the tissues after radical gastrectomy and clinicopathological features as well as prognosis was also analyzed.Results:HER2 positive rate was 19.8% (23/116) in gastric cancer specimens of 116 patients after radical gastrectomy. HER2 positive rate in highly and moderately differentiated patients with gastric cancer was higher than that in those with poorly differentiated gastric cancer [33.3% (11/33) vs. 14.5% (12/83), χ2 = 5.292, P < 0.05]. HER2 positive rate in patients with lung metastasis was higher than that in patients without lung metastasis [42.1% (8/19) vs. 15.5% (15/97), χ2 = 5.517, P < 0.05]. There were no statistical differences in HER2 positive rate among gastric cancer patients with different gender, age, tumor location, recurrent site, TNM stage, number of metastasis, neurovascular invasion, liver metastasis, local recurrence (all P > 0.05). HER2 expression was not associated with disease-free survival time ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:HER2 expression is associated with the differentiation degree of gastric cancer and the location of distant metastasis, but it can not be used as a predictor for recurrence of gastric cancer.