Objective To analyze the quality of 19 batches of Ginseng Formula Granules from 11 different manufacturers by using Ginseng water Extract reference substance(GWERS)as references.Methods Thin layer chromatography(TLC)identification and feature map detection were carried out according to the identification items and characteristic maps of Ginseng Formula Granules standard(YBZ-PFKL-2021186)issued by the National Medical Products Administration.Results The results of TLC analysis showed that the 19 batches of Ginseng Formula Granules-labeled samples could be divided into three categories.The overall pattern of the first type of samples was consistent with that of GWERS,and the similarity was high.Pseudoginsenoside F11,a unique component of American ginseng,was detected in the second type of samples.Four blue fluorescent spots were observed in the third type of samples compared to GWERS.HPLC results indicated that all 19 batches of Ginseng Formula Granules showed eight characteristic peaks at the same retention time as that of GWERS chromatogram.Two more chromatographic peaks were found in the chromatogram of three batches of samples from one manufacturer compared to the chromatogram of other samples,whose similarity to the GWERS chromatogram was less than 0.65.The similarity between the chromatogram of the remaining 16 sample and GWERS chromatogram was higher than 0.94.Conclusion At present,the quality of Ginseng Formula Granules on the market varies greatly.It was suspected that American ginseng might appear among them.The application of GWERS for quality analysis of Ginseng Formula Granules has better applicability to the control medicinal materials.

Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death that relies on the accumulation of intracellular iron ions,causing irreversible damage to cell membranes through extensive lipid peroxidation,ultimately leading to cell death.Ferroptosis is closely associated with various neurodegenerative diseases.The ferroptosis of glial cells can regulate neuronal death by inducing neuroinflammation and affecting oxidative stress,thereby exacerbating the progression of neu-rodegenerative diseases.This review summarizes how ferroptosis occurs in different types of glial cells and its impact on neurons,aiming to deeply understand the effects of glial cell ferroptosis on neurodegenerative diseases and explore the po-tential therapeutic applications of inhibiting this process in treatment.

Objective To quantify the setup errors for the different anatomical sites of patients who received intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with linear accelerator on-board kilovolt fan beam CT(kV-FBCT) as non-isocenter IGRT and megavolt cone beam CT (MV-CBCT) as isocenter IGRT. Methods A retrospective analysis was performedon 70 patients who underwent radiotherapy, kV-FBCT, and/or MV-CBCT scans after each routine setup prior to IMRT. The average displacement (M), systematic error (Σ), and random error (б) at different treatment sites in the left-right, anterior-posterior, and cranial-caudal directions were calculated according to the individual displacements. The formula 2.5Σ+0.7б was used to estimate the PTV margin in respective direction. For each single patient, the root mean square in three directions was used as 3D displacement. Results A total of 1130 displacements were recorded in the 70 patients. The PTV margin was estimated to be 1.9-3.1 mm in head and neck cancer, 2.8-5.1 mm in thoracic cancer, 4.6-5.1 mm in breast cancer, 3.0-5.5 mm in upper abdominal cancer, and 3.5-6.8 mm in pelvic tumor. For the 3D mean displacements, the head and neck, thoracic, breast, upper abdominal, and pelvic cancer were 2.4±1.0, 4.0±1.6, 4.1±2.0, 4.6±2.1, and 4.6±2.1 mm, respectively. The average 3D displacement obtained by kV-FBCT and MV-CBCT were 4.1 and 3.4 mm, respectively (P=0.212). Conclusion The quantitative setup-error data can be obtained using linear accelerator on-board FBCT, and the non-isocenter IGRT induced set-up error cannot be negligible.

This paper summarized professor ZHANG Boli's experience in treating stubborn bi （痹） with the herbal pair of Ruxiang （Olibanum）- Moyao （Myrrha）. The basic pathogenesis of stubborn bi is channel and collateral stasis and obstruction. Ruxiang and Moyao are thus used in mutual reinforcement to rectify qi and diffuse bi， activate blood and relieve pain， thereby removing static and obstructed qi and blood， unblocking the obstructed channels and colla-terals， which is especially suitable for stubborn bi caused by channel and collateral obstruction. In clinical practice， the herbal pair of Ruxiang-Moyao is used together with qi-moving and blood-activating medicinals to treat chest bi by expelling stasis and diffusing stagnation， dissipating cold and unblocking vessels. To treat long-term wither and weakness in late stage of stroke， the medicinals of boosting qi and invigorating blood， unblocking channels and venting collaterals can be added to the herbal pair so as to soothe and drain vessels and collaterals， harmonize and regulate qi and blood. Simiao Yongan Decoction （四妙勇安汤） can be integrated in the treatment of vessel bi by moving qi and dissolving stasis， and for the long-term stubborn vessel bi， integrated internal and external treatment is suggested by external use of Ruxiang-Moyao to vent bi with aromatics. Moreover， it is emphasized to use the herbal pair of Ruxiang-Moyao in accordance with indications and cautions.

Objective:To assess the nosocomial infection risk events of neonatology experienced by a hospital, for identifying those events deserving high priority in infection prevention and control and critical rooms of improvement, hence minimizing such risks of the hospital.Methods:The hazard vulnerability analysis was called into play, along with literature review and clinical practices, while the hazard vulnerability analysis team of neonatology of the hospital preliminarily screened the indexes in brainstorming method. Then the individual indexes from such screening evaluated by means of questionnaires, and the risk evaluation index system for neonatal infection prevention and control was formed in combination with the risk value evaluation table of Kaiser model. On such basis, an evaluation questionnaire for the prevention and control was developed.In May 2020, the team members scored the possibility and severity of these risk indexes in the form of questionnaire, calculated the hazard risk value, and divided the risk zones by matrix analysis.Results:The risk assessment index system of neonatology was composed of 11 management indexes, 20 implementation indexes and 7 outcome indexes. The top 5 indexes of hazard risk value were: incorrect hand hygiene method(39.20%), inadequate cleaning and disinfection of environmental object surface(39.04%), the formula was not used immediately when ready(38.19%), nosocomial infection outbreak(38.02%), and low hand hygiene compliance(37.99%). The indexes with high severity and low readiness include three indexes related to formula feeding and three indexes related to cleaning and disinfection of object surface. The matrix analysis results showed that there were 9 indexes in the high-risk zone, 7 indexes in the medium risk zone and 22 in the low-risk zone.Conclusions:This study identified risk management events in hospital infection management in neonatology by means of hazard vulnerability analysis. The neonatology administrators are recommended to prioritize indexes in the high risk zone, make a root cause analysis of those indexes of high risk value and low readiness and take intervention measures in time, hence reducing the incidence of nosocomial infection and avoiding the outbreak of nosocomial infection.

Objective: To systematically review the diagnostic accuracies of multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction (MRT-PCR) technique for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus (ADV). Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Wanfang and CNKI databases were searched from January1 2010 to January1 2018, to collect reports on MRT-PCR for detection of common respiratory viruses. Then two authors independently exacted the data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies by using the QUADAS-2 tool. Meta-disc 1.4. Results: Ten articles with 2528 cases were eligible for analysis. The result of meta-analysis showed that, the pooled Sen, Spe and area under SROC curve, for detecting RSV were 0.87 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.90), 0.98 (95% CI 0.97 to 0.98) and 1.00. The pooled Sen, Spe, and area under SROC curve of MRT-PCR for detecting ADV were 0.64 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.71), 0.99 (95% CI 0.98 to 0.99) and 0.99. Deeks test indicated that no publication bias was found. Conclusions The sensitivity of MRT-PCR in RSV and ADV detection is still to be improved, but the overall detection ability is good which deserves to be recommended for clinical use.

Objective · To observe the vascular structure before autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) construction in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and analyze the risk factors of the pre-existing venous neointimal hyperplasia. Methods · The 8 vein samples were screened from 20 ESRD patients at their first time of the AVF construction (non-stenosis group), and the other 8 vein samples were screened from 15 ESRD patients at their at least second time of the AVF repair operation (stenosis group). Sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H-E) or Masson's trichrome for observation. The intimal thickness was measured by the cellSens software, and its correlation with patients' renal function, calcium-phosphorus metabolism, iron metabolism and inflammatory reaction in the non-stenosis group were analyzed. Results · In the non-stenosis group, there were varying degrees of intimal hyperplasia in 5 (62.5%) cases, loss of endothelial cell layer in 3 (37.5%) cases, and vascular wall replacement by collagenous with atrophy or loss of muscle layer in 5 (62.5%) cases. In the stenosis group, almost all vein samples showed general thickening of the wall and 2 (25.0%) totally lost the muscle layer. Avg It of those two groups were statistically significant (P<0.01). In the non-stenosis group, both of average I/M thickness and average I/M area were negatively related to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (P<0.05) and positively related to serum phosphorus and calcium-phosphorus product (P<0.05). Conclusion · Some apparently normal vein of ESRD patients showed varying degrees of intimal hyperplasia before AVF construction. The intimal hyperplasia had a remarkable correlation with GFR or calcium-phosphorus metabolism. Early intervention of the intimal hyperplasia prior to AVF construction may be a new prevention and control means.

Objective Identifying laccases, as one of the key synthetases in the lariciresinol biosynthetic pathway, by analyzing the transcriptome sequencing results in Isatis indigotica would provide a dependable foundation for later functional study of Isatis indigotica′s laccases. Methods Bioinformatical softwares and kinds of analytical methods online were used to find out the characteristics of the laccases from I. indigotica, including physical and chemical properties, homology, and the properties after induction of MeJA. Results The transcriptional results showed that Iilac3 and Iilac5 from I. indigotica were corresponded ith the accumulation of the effective metabolites, making them the potential functional genes participated in lariciresinol synthesis. Conclusion Through the detailed bioinformatical analysis of Iilacs,which laid a solid foundation for the further study of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms and structural characteristics of the functional proteins.

Objective To evaluate and compare yeast identification ability between Bruker Microflex matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry( MALDI-TOF MS) and Vitek 2 Compact automatic microbial analysis system.Methods Retrospective study.Totally 742 strains of yeast isolated from clinical specimens during March 2013 to March 2014 in Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were identified by Bruker Microflex MALDI-TOF MS and Vitek 2 Compact automatic microbial analysis system simultaneously.The strains with discordant results were validated by gene sequencing.Results The coincidence rate of 699 Candida identified by Bruker Microflex MALDI-TOF MS or Vitek 2 Compact system was 100.0%(699/699) and 99.6%(696/699) to the species level, respectively and the coincidence rate of 43 yeast-like fungi strains identified was 90.7%(39/43) and 79.1%(34/43) to the species level, respectively.Penicillium marneffei could not be identified by both two instruments, but protein profile of Penicillium marneffei by MALDI-TOF MS was established.Conclusions The coincidence rate of yeast identified by Bruker Microflex MALDI-TOF MS is higher than that of Vitek 2 Compact system.Using Bruker Microflex MALDI-TOF MS to identify yeast especially Candida and yeast-like fungus is fast, simple, low-cost, accurate, and it can be used in routine work of ordinary yeast identification in clinical microbiology laboratory.