The classic formula Fangji Fulingtang is from ZHANG Zhongjing's Synopsis of the Golden Chamber in the Eastern Han dynasty. It is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， with the effects of reinforcing Qi and invigorating spleen， warming Yang and promoting urination. By a review of ancient medical books， this paper summarizes the composition， original plants， processing， dosage， decocting methods， indications and other key information of Fangji Fulingtang， aiming to provide a literature basis for the research， development， and clinical application of preparations based on this formula. Synonyms of Fangji Fulingtang exist in ancient medical books， while the formula composition in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is more widespread and far-reaching. In this formula， Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are the dried root of Stephania tetrandra， the dried root of Astragalus embranaceus var. mongholicus， the dried shoot of Cinnamomum cassia， the dried sclerotium of Poria cocos， and the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， respectively. Fangji Fulingtang is mainly produced into powder， with the dosage and decocting method used in the past dynasties basically following the original formula. Each bag is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix 13.80 g， Astragali Radix 13.80 g， Cinnamomi Ramulus 13.80 g， Poria 27.60 g， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 9.20 g. The raw materials are purified， decocted in water from 1 200 mL to 400 mL， and the decoction should be taken warm， 3 times a day. Fangji Fulingtang was originally designed for treating skin edema， and then it was used to treat impediment in the Qing dynasty. In modern times， it is mostly used to treat musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases and circulatory system diseases， demonstrating definite effects on various types of edema and heart failure. This paper clarifies the inheritance of Fangji Fulingtang and reveals its key information （attached to the end of this paper）， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of preparations based on this formula.

The classic formula Fangji Fulingtang is from ZHANG Zhongjing's Synopsis of the Golden Chamber in the Eastern Han dynasty. It is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， with the effects of reinforcing Qi and invigorating spleen， warming Yang and promoting urination. By a review of ancient medical books， this paper summarizes the composition， original plants， processing， dosage， decocting methods， indications and other key information of Fangji Fulingtang， aiming to provide a literature basis for the research， development， and clinical application of preparations based on this formula. Synonyms of Fangji Fulingtang exist in ancient medical books， while the formula composition in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is more widespread and far-reaching. In this formula， Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are the dried root of Stephania tetrandra， the dried root of Astragalus embranaceus var. mongholicus， the dried shoot of Cinnamomum cassia， the dried sclerotium of Poria cocos， and the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， respectively. Fangji Fulingtang is mainly produced into powder， with the dosage and decocting method used in the past dynasties basically following the original formula. Each bag is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix 13.80 g， Astragali Radix 13.80 g， Cinnamomi Ramulus 13.80 g， Poria 27.60 g， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 9.20 g. The raw materials are purified， decocted in water from 1 200 mL to 400 mL， and the decoction should be taken warm， 3 times a day. Fangji Fulingtang was originally designed for treating skin edema， and then it was used to treat impediment in the Qing dynasty. In modern times， it is mostly used to treat musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases and circulatory system diseases， demonstrating definite effects on various types of edema and heart failure. This paper clarifies the inheritance of Fangji Fulingtang and reveals its key information （attached to the end of this paper）， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of preparations based on this formula.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of resident clinical pharmacist-led medication therapy management （MTM） model in geriatric cardiology departments， and provide reference for optimizing resident pharmaceutical services. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted， incorporating data from inpatients admitted to the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine in the Geriatric Medical Center of our hospital during March to August 2023 （conventional group， n＝ 903） and the same period in 2024 （MTM group， n＝963）. The conventional group received only standard pharmaceutical services （including prospective prescription review and retrospective order evaluation）， while the MTM group received additional resident clinical pharmacist-led interventions-such as medication reconciliation， personalized therapeutic drug monitoring （TDM）， standardized intravenous infusion management， and a four-stage closed-loop monitoring process-based on conventional care. The effectiveness of the MTM model was evaluated by comparing the primary outcome measures （e.g.， intravenous infusion rate， TDM target attainment rate） and secondary outcome measures [e.g.， incidence of drug-drug interactions （DDIs）， incidence of grade 3 or higher acute kidney injury， average length of hospital stay， cholesterol， and medication cost per capita] between the two groups. RESULTS Compared with the conventional group， in terms of primary outcome indexes： both the overall intravenous infusion rate and the use rate of acid-suppressive injection were significantly lowered in the MTM group （P＜0.05）； serum concentration target attainment rates for digoxin and vancomycin were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. For secondary outcome indexes， the MTM group exhibited significant decreases in the work incidence of grade 3 or higher acute kidney injury， the incidence of DDIs， the rate of patients leaving the hospital against medical advice， alanine amino-transferase， aspartate transferase and the per capita total medication cost （P＜0.05）. Additionally， there was a notable increase in the creatinine， estimated glomerular filtration rate and a significant shortening of the per capita length of hospital stay （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The resident clinical pharmacist-led MTM model can significantly optimize medication therapy processes， enhance medication safety and cost-effectiveness， thus playing a positive role in promoting rational drug use and improving patient outcomes.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Buyang Huanwutang in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy （DPN） by inhibiting pyroptosis through AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/UNC-51-like kinase 1 （ULK1） mitophagy pathway. MethodSixty male SPF SD rats （6-7 weeks old） were used in animal experiments and numbered according to their body mass. They were then randomly divided into four groups by computer： normal group， model group， α-lipoic acid group（60 mg·kg^-1）， and Buyang Huanwutang group（15 g·kg^-1）， with 15 rats in each group. The diabetic model was established by injection of streptozocin （STZ）. After successful modeling， the α-lipoic acid group and the Buyang Huanwutang group were given corresponding drugs， and the normal group and the model group were given normal saline. Sensory nerve conduction velocity （SNCV） and paw withdrawal threshold （PWT） were measured at the end of administration for 12 weeks. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of phosphorylated AMP activated protein kinase （p-AMPK）， phosphorylated UNC-51-like kinase 1 （p-ULK1）， protein involved in microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3）， selective autophagy receptors （p62/SQSTM1）， Beclin1， NOD receptor protein structure domain-related proteins 3 （NLRP3）， Caspase-1 （Caspase-1）， and interleukin-1 beta （IL-1β） in dorsal root ganglia （DRG）. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of the N-terminal gasdermin D （N-GSDMD）. ResultCompared with those in the normal group， rats in the model group had increased fasting blood glucose （P<0.01） and significantly reduced SNCV， PWT （P<0.01）， LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ， Beclin1， p-AMPK/AMPK， and p-ULK1/ULK1 （P<0.01）. In addition， p62， NLRP3， N-GSDMD/GSDMD， IL-1β， and cleaved Caspase-1/Caspase-1 were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the model group， SNCV and PWT were increased （P<0.01） in each administration group， and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ， Beclin1， p-AMPK/AMPK， and p-ULK1/ULK1 were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. p62， N-GSDMD/GSDMD， cleaved Caspase-1/Caspase-1， NLRP3， and IL-1β decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the α-lipoic acid group， the Buyang Huanwutang group had significantly increased SNCV， PWT （P<0.05）， LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ， and p-ULK1/ULK1 （P<0.05） and significantly decreased NLRP3 and N-GSDMD/GSDMD （P<0.05）. ConclusionBuyang Huanwutang regulates mitophagy and inhibits pyroptosis through the AMPK/ULK1 pathway to prevent and treat DPN， and its therapeutic effect may be better than α-lipoic acid.

Objective To investigate the family aggregation of human hookworm infections in Sichuan Province and to identify its influencing factors, so as to provide insights into management of hookworm infections. Methods Three to four counties (districts) were sampled from basins, hilly regions and mountainous regions around the basins in Sichuan Province from 2017 to 2022 as fixed survey sites, and 17 to 30 counties (districts) were selected as mobile survey sites. At least 1 000 permanent residents at ages of 3 years and older were sampled from each survey site, and hookworm eggs were detected in human stool samples using the Kato-Katz technique. Subjects with 2 and more family members and at least 2 individuals diagnosed with hookworm infections in the county (district) where they lived were selected, and the familial aggregation of hookworm infections was analyzed using the test of goodness of fit for binomial distribution. In addition, the knowledge and practice of hookworm disease control were investigated among residents in Hejiang County and Wutongqiao District, Leshan City, Sichuan Province in 2021 and 2022, and the difference in the knowledge and practice of hookworm disease control was compared between members with and without familial aggregation of hookworm infections. Results A total of 66 812 residents from 25 196 households were sampled from main endemic areas of hookworm diseases in Sichuan Province from 2017 to 2022 for detection of hookworm infections, and 4 403 infections were identified (6.59% prevalence). The distribution of human hookworm infections in Sichuan Province did not fit the binomial distribution, and showed family aggregations (χ² = 2 116.759, P < 0.001). Family aggregation of human hookworm infections was found in endemic areas with 1% and higher prevalence of human hookworm infections (χ² = 136.006 to 428.738, all P values < 0.001), and family aggregation of human hookworm infections was identified in different years (χ² = 87.615 to 471.838, all P values < 0.001) and in different terrains of endemic areas (χ² = 8.423 to 1 144.176, all P values < 0.001). The members with hookworm infections had median eggs per gram of 180 (interquartile range, 780) in aggregated families and 72 (102) in non-aggregated families (Z = −2.686, P < 0.05). The proportion of members in families with aggregation of hookworm infections who knew the preventive measures of hookworm disease was significantly lower than in non-aggregated families (24.49% vs. 51.72%; χ² = 10.262, P < 0.05), and the proportion of members in families with aggregation of hookworm infections who often worked barefoot on the ground was significantly higher than in non-aggregated families (30.61% vs. 13.25%; χ² = 6.289, P < 0.05). Conclusions There is a familial aggregation of human hookworm infections in Sichuan Province, and awareness of preventive measures for hookworm disease and frequent working barefoot on the ground are associated with familial aggregation of hookworm infections.

Objective:To explore the effects of swallowing rehabilitation training on swallowing function and quality of life in patients after laryngectomy.Methods:Randomized controlled trials on the effects of swallowing rehabilitation training on swallowing function and quality of life in postoperative laryngeal cancer patients were electronically retrieved from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, and China Biology Medicine disc. The search period was from database establishment to February 1, 2024. The quality evaluation criteria for randomized controlled trials of Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center (2016) was used to evaluate the included literature. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.Results:A total of ten articles were included, with 987 patients. Meta-analysis showed that swallowing rehabilitation training could improve the swallowing function ( P<0.01) and quality of life ( P<0.01) of patients after laryngectomy. Conclusions:Swallowing rehabilitation training can improve patients' swallowing function and quality of life after laryngectomy and is worth applying in clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of oblique vaginal septum syndrome (OVSS).Methods:The clinical data of 80 patients with OVSS admitted to The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from July 2005 to July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the classification system of OVSS proposed by Female Genital Anomalies Study Group, Chinese Obstetricians and Gynecologists Association in 2021, the patients were divided into four groups. The clinical manifestations, accompanied urinary system abnormalities, diagnosis and treatment methods and treatment outcomes were observed.Results:According to the above classification system, among the 80 patients with OVSS, 35 patients (44%, 35/80) were categorized as type Ⅰ, 33 patients (41%, 33/80) were categorized as type Ⅱ, 2 patients (3%, 2/80) were categorized as type Ⅲ and 10 patients (13%, 10/80) were categorized as type Ⅳ. The main onset symptom of patients was periodic abdominal pain (70%, 56/80), vaginal bleeding (20%, 16/80), dysuria or fecal impaction (15%, 12/80), vaginal mucopurulent discharge (10%, 8/80). The morbidity of combined urinary system abnormalities was 88% (70/80), and the most common urinary system abnormality was ipsilateral renal agenesis (81%, 65/80). Bilateral kidneys were normal in 13% (10/80) patients, and 6% (5/80) were combined with other urinary system abnormalities. A total of 74 patients underwent vaginal oblique septectomy or septum excision. Five of the 10 patients with type Ⅳ underwent hysterectomy on the cervical atresia side, 4 patients received hysteroscopy combined with cervicoplasty+oblique septotomy or septum excision, and one patient selected delayed menstruation. Two patients underwent laparoscopic resection of the dysplasia kidney and ectopic ureter which opening to the vagina. Eleven patients with endometriosis cyst, hydrosalpinx or empyema underwent laparoscopic surgery.Conclusions:The main symptom of type Ⅰ and Ⅳ patients is abdominal pain, while the main symptom of type Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients is bleeding. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has advantages in the evaluation of complex OVSS, and MRI is recommended before operation to exclude other axial reproductive tract dysplasia and complex urinary system dysplasia. If there is leakage of urine, vaginal discharge or complex deformity, it is necessary to multidisciplinary discussion and formulate a reasonable surgical plan. The first treatment is related to the prognosis of patients especially children, and should be highly valued.

Background: Aging leads to sarcopenia, which is characterized by reduced muscle mass and strength. Many factors, including altered muscle protein turnover, diminished neuromuscular function, hormonal changes, systemic inflammation, and the structure and composition of muscle fibers, play a crucial role in age-related muscle decline. This study explored differences in muscle fiber types contributing to overall muscle function decline in aging, focusing on individuals with hip fractures from falls. Methods: A pilot study at Chungnam National University Hospital collected muscle biopsies from hip fracture patients aged 20 to 80 undergoing surgical treatment. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis and gluteus maximus were obtained during hip arthroplasty or internal fixation. Handgrip strength, calf and thigh circumference, and bone mineral density were evaluated in individuals with hip fractures from falls. We analyzed the relationships between each clinical characteristic and muscle fiber type. Results: In total, 26 participants (mean age 67.9 years, 69.2% male) were included in this study. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 53.8%, and that of femoral and lumbar osteoporosis was 19.2% and 11.5%, respectively. Vastus lateralis analysis revealed an age-related decrease in type IIx fibers, a higher proportion of type IIa fibers in women, and an association between handgrip strength and type IIx fibers in men. The gluteus maximus showed no significant correlations with clinical parameters. Conclusion This study identified complex associations between age, sex, handgrip strength, and muscle fiber composition in hip fracture patients, offering insights crucial for targeted interventions combating age-related muscle decline and improving musculoskeletal health.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether electroacupuncture(EA)ameliorates abnormal trigeminal neuralgia(TN)orofacial pain and anxiety-like behavior by altering synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus CA1.METHODS A mouse infraorbital nerve transection model(pT-ION)of neuropathic pain was established,and EA or sham EA was used to treat ipsilateral acu-puncture points(GV20-Baihui and ST7-Xia-guan).Golgi-Cox staining and transmission elec-tron microscopy(TEM)were administrated to observe the changes of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus CA1.RESULTS Stable and per-sistent orofacial allodynia and anxiety-like behav-iors induced by pT-ION were related to changes in hippocampal synaptic plasticity.Golgi stain-ings showed a decrease in the density of dendritic spines,especially mushroom-type dendritic spines,in hippocampal CA1 neurons of pT-ION mice.TEM results showed that the density of synapses,membrane thickness of the postsynap-tic density,and length of the synaptic active zone were decreased,whereas the width of the synap-tic cleft was increased in pTION mice.EA attenu-ated pT-ION-induced orofacial allodynia and anx-iety-like behaviors and effectively reversed the abnormal changes in dendritic spines and syn-apse of the hippocampal CA1 region.CONCLU-SION EA modulates synaptic plasticity of hippo-campal CA1 neurons,and reduces abnormal oro-facial pain and anxiety-like behavior,providing evidence for a TN treatment strategy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Buyang Huanwutang in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy （DPN） via mitochondrial transport. MethodDiabetes in SD rats was induced by a high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （STZ）. The 45 diabetic rats were randomly assigned into a DPN group， an alpha-lipoic acid （60 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） group， and a Buyang Huanwutang （15 g·kg^-1·d^-1） group， with 15 rats in each group. Fifteen normal SD rats were fed with the standard diet and set as the control group. The rats were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage for 12 weeks. The paw withdraw threshold （PWT） and motor nerve conduction velocity （MNCV） were measured at the end of medication， and the sciatic nerve and the bilateral dorsal root ganglia of L4-5 were collected. The injury model of NSC34 cells was established by treating with 50 mmol·L^-1 glucose and 250 μmol·L^-1 sodium palmitate. The NSC34 cells were then randomly assigned into a blank （10% blank serum） group， a DPN （10% blank serum） group， an apha-lipoic acid （10% apha-lipoic acid-containing serum） group， a Buyang Huanwutang （10% Buyang Huanwutang-containing serum） group， and a Buyang Huanwutang + Compound C （CC） （10% Buyang Huanwutang-containing serum + 10 μmol·L^-1 CC） group. The cell intervention lasted for 24 h. The immunofluorescence method， immunohistochemistry， and Western blot were employed to determine the expression levels of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （p-AMPK）， phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein （p-CREB）， kinesin family member 5A （KIF5A）， and dynein cytoplasmic 1 intermediate chain 2 （DYNC1I2）. ResultCompared with the control group， the DPN group of rats showed increased fasting blood glucose （P<0.01）， decreased MNCV and PWT （P<0.01）， down-regulated expression of KIF5A， p-AMPK/AMPK， and p-CREB/CREB （P<0.01）， and up-regulated expression of DYNC1I2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the DPN group， drug intervention groups showed increased MNCV and PWT （P<0.01）， up-regulated expression of KIF5A， p-AMPK/AMPK， and p-CREB/CREB （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and down-regulated expression of DYNC1I2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The Buyang Huanwutang group had higher levels of MNCV and KIF5A （P<0.05） and lower level of DYNC1I2 （P<0.01） than the apha-lipoic acid group. Compared with the blank group， the DPN group of NSC34 cells showed decreased levels of KIF5A， p-AMPK/AMPK， and p-CREB/CREB （P<0.01） and increased level of DYNC1I2 （P<0.01）. The apha-lipoic acid group and Buyang Huanwutang group had higher levels of KIF5A， p-AMPK/AMPK， and p-CREB/CREB （P<0.05， P<0.01） and lower level of DYNC1I2 （P<0.01） in NSC34 cells than the DPN group. Buyang Huanwutang group had higher KIF5A level （P<0.05） in NSC34 cells than the apha-lipoic acid group. Moreover， the Buyang Huanwutang + CC group had lower levels of KIF5A， DYNC1I2， p-AMPK/AMPK， and p-CREB/CREB （P<0.01） in NSC34 cells than the Buyang Huanwutang group. ConclusionBuyang Huanwutang may regulate mitochondrial anterograde transport via the AMPK/CREB pathway to prevent and treat DPN.