Retrieving keyframes most relevant to text from small intestine videos with given labels can efficiently and accurately locate pathological regions. However, training directly on raw video data is extremely slow, while learning visual representations from image-text datasets leads to computational inconsistency. To tackle this challenge, a small bowel video keyframe retrieval based on multi-modal contrastive learning (KRCL) is proposed. This framework fully utilizes textual information from video category labels to learn video features closely related to text, while modeling temporal information within a pretrained image-text model. It transfers knowledge learned from image-text multimodal models to the video domain, enabling interaction among medical videos, images, and text data. Experimental results on the hyper-spectral and Kvasir dataset for gastrointestinal disease detection (Hyper-Kvasir) and the Microsoft Research video-to-text (MSR-VTT) retrieval dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of KRCL, with the proposed method achieving state-of-the-art performance across nearly all evaluation metrics.
Humans ; Video Recording ; Intestine, Small/diagnostic imaging* ; Machine Learning ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Algorithms

The orientation of the acetabular cup in hip joint anteroposterior radiograph is a key factor in evaluating the postoperative outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Currently, measurement of the acetabular cup anteversion angle primarily relies on manual drawing of auxiliary lines by orthopedic surgeons and calculations using scientific calculators. This study proposes an automated computer-aided measurement method for the acetabular cup anteversion angle based on hip joint anteroposterior radiograph. The proposed method segments hip prosthesis images using an improved Otsu algorithm, identifies feature points at the acetabular cup opening by combining circle-fitting theory and the cup's geometric characteristics, and fits an ellipse to the cup opening to calculate the anteversion angle. A total of 104 hip joint anteroposterior radiographs, including 71 right-sided and 81 left-sided prostheses, were analyzed. Two orthopedic surgeons independently measured the postoperative anteversion angles, and the results were compared with computer-generated measurements for correlation analysis. Spearman and Pearson correlation analyses demonstrated significant correlations between the proposed method and manual measurements for both the right group ( r = 0.795, P < 0.01) and the left group ( r = 0.859, P < 0.01). This method provides a reliable reference for orthopedic surgeons to assess postoperative prognosis.
Humans ; Acetabulum/anatomy & histology* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/methods* ; Algorithms ; Hip Prosthesis ; Hip Joint/diagnostic imaging* ; Radiography ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods*

Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), whose pathogenesis remains elusive, is a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic, progressive, and lifelong inflammation of the digestive tract. The pathogenesis of IBD remains elusive. Although a number of drugs have been developed to treat IBD, their effects are merely anti-inflammatory. In addition, current treatments for IBD are easily susceptible to resistance in clinical practice. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to have the ability to migrate to the site of inflammation, with potent immunoregulatory effects, and to rebalance the immune microenvironment and restore the integrity of the epithelial barrier with significant value of application, particularly for patients who are refractory to classic medicines. In this paper, we reviewed the clinical applications, mechanisms and engineerable properties of MSC products and their exosomes to provide some reference for the use of MSCs and their exosomes in the treatment of IBD.

As a pathological vasodilation disease,intracranial aneurysm is an important cause of hemorrhagic stroke,and the specific mechanism of intracranial aneurysm formation is not very clear.The rupture of intracranial aneurysms often causes subarachnoid hemorrhage,leaving patients with severe sequelae and even death.Multiple morphological indicators based on aneurysm neck formation are important for assessing aneurysm stability and rupture risk.With the development of technology,the combination of neck-related parameters of intracranial aneurysms and clinical information of patients to make comprehensive diagnosis and treatment decisions is helpful for the accurate assessment of intracranial aneurysms and the further exploration of automated auxiliary evaluation systems.In this article,the authors reviewed the measurement of intracranial aneurysm neck-related parameters and their clinical applications in recent years and summarized and analyzed a variety of computer-aided aneurysm neck segmentation algorithms,hoping to provide a reference for future research on the accurate measurement and application of intracranial aneurysms and to provide more scientific and accurate morphological quantitative information for the formulation of clinical diagnosis and treatment plans.

Objective:To isolate and identify SARS-CoV-2 epidemic strains and analyze the sequence characteristics of the virus strains following serial passages.Methods:Eleven nasopharyngeal swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 antigen were collected from December 2022. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, and positive specimens were inoculated onto Vero cells for virus isolation. The isolated strains were identified by Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay. The morphology of the isolated strains was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Nucleic acid was extracted from the isolates and passaged viruses for further sequencing and analysis.Results:All 11 specimens tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 using quantitative real-time PCR. SARS-CoV-2 strains were successfully isolated from seven specimens, and could be adaptively cultured, passaged, and expanded on Vero cells, achieving a peak titer exceeding 10 6.25 50% cell culture infectious dose (CCID 50)/ml. Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence results showed that the isolates could be specifically recognized by monoclonal antibodies and convalescent serum against SARS-CoV-2. Transmission electron microscopy revealed oval-shaped viral particles with diameters of approximately 100 nm. Next-generation sequencing of the viral isolates demonstrated a sequence homology greater than 99.50% with the Wuhan-Hu-1 reference strain (NC_045512) and 99.98% among the seven isolated strains, and all of the isolates belonged to the Omicron BF.7 variant. Sequence analysis after continuous passage and plaque purification of the BJ-NVSI-20230005 isolate showed that compared with passages 1-3, passages 4-6 had one nucleotide site mutation (C→T) in the ORF1ab gene and a deletion of 3 bp in the E gene, which resulted in a change from leucine to phenylalanine and the deletion of valine, respectively. Polymorphisms were observed in the sequences of plaque-purified clones. Conclusions:The seven successfully isolated SARS-CoV-2 strains all belong to the SARS-CoV-2 BF.7 variant, which is consistent with the prevalence trend in mainland China in December 2022.

Nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR1) interacts with various nuclear receptors and regulates the anabolism and catabolism of lipids. An imbalance in lipid/energy homeostasis is also an important factor in obesity and metabolic syndrome development. In this study, we found that the deletion of NCoR1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) mainly activated the nuclear receptor PPARα and attenuated metabolic syndrome by stimulating thermogenesis. The increase in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis was mediated by gut-derived tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate succinate, whose production was significantly enhanced by PPARα activation in the fed state. Additionally, NCoR1 deletion derepressed intestinal LXR, increased cholesterol excretion, and impaired duodenal lipid absorption by decreasing bile acid hydrophobicity, thereby reversing the possible negative effects of intestinal PPARα activation. Therefore, the simultaneous regulatory effect of intestinal NCoR1 on both lipid intake and energy expenditure strongly suggests that it is a promising target for developing metabolic syndrome treatment.

With the rapid development of the field of interventional therapy of cardiac valve, the innovative researches of interventional therapy of cardiac valve products have become the focus of global research. At present, there is a serious shortage of interventional valvular medical devices on the market in China, and large-scale interventional valve products are undergoing early human trials or confirmatory clinical trials. The effective quality control of clinical trials is of great significance to ensure that clinical trial data can be used to support the marketing of device products. By analyzing the problems in clinical trials quality control of interventional valvular medical devices in our hospital, and combining the characteristics of device products and diseases, we explore the key points of quality control and provide reference for the implementation and completion of high-quality clinical trials.

A small proportion of mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes (MNDCMs), with regeneration potential, could persist in adult mammalian heart. However, the heterogeneity of MNDCMs and changes during development remains to be illuminated. To this end, 12 645 cardiac cells were generated from embryonic day 17.5 and postnatal days 2 and 8 mice by single-cell RNA sequencing. Three cardiac developmental paths were identified: two switching to cardiomyocytes (CM) maturation with close CM-fibroblast (FB) communications and one maintaining MNDCM status with least CM-FB communications. Proliferative MNDCMs having interactions with macrophages and non-proliferative MNDCMs (non-pMNDCMs) with minimal cell-cell communications were identified in the third path. The non-pMNDCMs possessed distinct properties: the lowest mitochondrial metabolisms, the highest glycolysis, and high expression of Myl4 and Tnni1. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical staining further proved that the Myl4⁺Tnni1⁺ MNDCMs persisted in embryonic and adult hearts. These MNDCMs were mapped to the heart by integrating the spatial and single-cell transcriptomic data. In conclusion, a novel non-pMNDCM subpopulation with minimal cell-cell communications was unveiled, highlighting the importance of microenvironment contribution to CM fate during maturation. These findings could improve the understanding of MNDCM heterogeneity and cardiac development, thus providing new clues for approaches to effective cardiac regeneration.
Animals ; Mice ; Diploidy ; Heart ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism* ; Cell Communication ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Mitochondria ; Regeneration ; Mammals/genetics*

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of the varicella vaccine immunization strategy in Shanghai， and to provide evidence for enhancing prevention and control measures by analyzing the incidence and trends of varicella in Songjiang District， Shanghai from 2013 to 2021. MethodsA descriptive analysis was conducted on 12 417 varicella cases reported in Songjiang District between 2013 and 2021. The epidemiological distribution of varicella cases was described， and the incidence rates were compared among different demographic variables， including registered residence， gender， age， and occupation. ResultsA total of 12 417 varicella cases were reported in Songjiang District from 2013 to 2021，with an average annual incidence of 77.03/10⁵. The incidence of varicella showed an increasing trend from 2013 to 2017 （χ²_trend=19.39， P<0.001）， followed by a subsequent decrease from 2017 to 2021（χ²_trend=758.62， P<0.001）. Varicella cases demonstrated significant seasonal variation， with peak incidences occurring in April to May and November to January of the following year. The incidence rate among local residents was higher than that among non-local residents （χ²=2 935.58， P<0.001）. Most （38.59%） of the cases were students aged between 5 and 9 years old， accounting for 23.45% of the total cases. However， the age distribution of cases varied over the years （χ²=615.57， P<0.001）， and the incidence among children aged 5 to 9 years showed a declining trend since 2017. ConclusionThe overall incidence of varicella in Songjiang District exhibites a declining trend in recent years. Although varicella primarily affects children， there have notable changes in the age distribution. Adjustment of the immunization strategy for varicella vaccines in Shanghai effectively reduces the proportion of school-age subjects.

Insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA-2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the tyrosine phosphatase-like protein family as well as an important autoantigen in the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. IA-2 products have been marketed in Europe and the United States. At present, commercially available IA-2 antigens are either the recombinant IA-2ic domain or the IA-2 naturally extracted from bovine islets. However, the recombinant IA-2 antigen displays weak positive in clinic practice, which often results in occasional detection failures, thus cannot completely replace the naturally extracted IA-2 antigen. In this study, an HEK293 expression system was used to explore the production of recombinant IA-2. An IA-2 transmembrane fragment (IA-2 TMF) located at amino acid position 449-979, also known as the natural membrane protein form of IA-2, was produced in HEK293 through transfection, and both the expression conditions and dissolution conditions of the membrane protein were also optimized. The purified membrane protein yield was 0.78 mg/L cell culture. Subsequently, the antigen activity of IA-2 TMF was compared with RSR rhIA-2 through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The serum of 77 type 1 diabetes patients and 32 healthy volunteers were detected. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve was used to characterize the sensitivity and specificity of the test results. The results showed that the sensitivity of IA-2 TMF was 71.4% (55/77), while the sensitivity of RSR rhIA-2 was 63.6% (49/77), and the specificity of both antigens were all 100%. There was no significant difference in specificity between the two antigens, but the sensitivity of IA-2 TMF was appreciably better than that of the imported gold standard RSR rhIA-2 antigen. In conclusion, the recombinant IA-2 TMF produced in HEK293 cells can be used as a raw material to develop in vitro diagnostic reagents for type 1 diabetes.
Humans ; Animals ; Cattle ; HEK293 Cells ; Insulinoma ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics* ; Recombinant Proteins ; Membrane Proteins ; Pancreatic Neoplasms