Objective:To compare the differences in clinical characteristics among the patients at clinical high risk for bipolar disorder(CHR-BD),the patients with bipolar disorder(BD),and the healthy controls(HC)at low risk,and to provide the basis for the diognasis and treatment of CHR-BD.Methods:For the first time,the BD risk criteria and prospective structured assessment tools were jointly used in outpatients aged 16-30 years,and 43 CHR-BD patients were included to ensure the accuracy of the assessment.Meanwhile,33 BD patients and 32 HC subjects were also enrolled.The clinical symptoms,neurocognitive function,and global functional levels of the subjects in the three groups were evaluated using observer-rated and self-rated tools.The CHR-BD and BD groups were combined,and Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent influencing factors related to diagnostic status;Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations between the global functional levels and the symptoms or neurocognitive characteristics of the patients in CHR-BD and BD groups.Results:There were statistically significant differences in the scores of symptom and global functional level scales among HC,CHR-BD,and BD groups(P<0.05).Compared with HC group,the scores of mood symptoms(anxiety,depression,and mania/hypomania),psychotic symptoms,total affective temperament questionnaire scores,and some dimensions(cyclothymic,depressive,irritable,and anxious temperaments)in CHR-BD and BD groups were significantly increased(P<0.001),while the global functional levels were significantly decreased(P<0.001).Compared with BD group,the lowest global functional level score in the past year in CHR-BD group was significantly increased(P=0.022),while the current global functional level score was significantly decreased(P=0.005).No significant differences were observed in neurocognitive function scores among the three groups(P>0.05).The lowest global functional level score in the past year was an independent influencing factor for BD diagnosis[odds ratio(OR)=0.952,95%confidence interval(CI):0.917-0.988,P=0.010].In both CHR-BD and BD patients,the current global functional levels were negatively correlated with depressive(r=-0.417,P=0.005;r=-0.617,P<0.001)and anxiety symptoms(r=-0.360,P=0.018;r=-0.506,P=0.003).In BD patients,the current global functional level was negatively correlated with lifetime manic/hypomanic symptoms(r=-0.360,P=0.039),psychotic symptoms(r=-0.502,P=0.003),and affective temperament scores(r=-0.479,P=0.005),while the lowest global functional level in the past year was negatively correlated with lifetime manic/hypomanic symptoms(r=-0.391,P=0.024).Conclusion:CHR-BD patients share similar mood symptom characteristics with BD patients,and their global functional levels are negatively correlated with depressive and anxiety symptoms.BD patients exhibit worse lowest global functional levels in the past year,and their global functional levels are negatively correlated with manic/hypomanic symptoms.

BACKGROUND:A large number of studies have shown that neurodegenerative diseases are closely related to oxidative stress injury and the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics.Lycium barbarum polysaccharides have a neuroprotective effect.However,it is not clear whether lycium barbarum polysaccharides can ameliorate apoptosis induced by oxidative stress injury by regulating abnormal mitochondrial dynamics.OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of lycium barbarum polysaccharides on apoptosis induced by H2O2 in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells.METHODS:SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in three groups.The control group was cultured for 24 hours.The hydrogen peroxide group was treated with H2O2 for 24 hours,and the lycium barbarum polysaccharide group was treated with lycium barbarum polysaccharide for 2 hours and then treated with H2O2 for 24 hours.After treatment,the levels of malondialdehyde,glutathione,and superoxide dismutase in the precipitation of the cells were detected by kit.Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 kit.Cell viability was detected by MTT assay.Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL.The expression levels of mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins (phosphorylated promoter protein 1,mitochondrial fission protein 1,mitochondrial fusion protein 1,mitochondrial fusion protein 2,and optic atrophy protein 1) and apoptotic proteins (Bax,Bcl-2,and Caspase-3) were detected by immunofluorescence staining and western blot assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the control group,the levels of malondialdehyde were increased (P<0.05),and the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione were decreased (P<0.05) in the H2O2 group.Compared with the H2O2 group,the malondialdehyde level was decreased (P<0.05),and the superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels were increased (P<0.05) in the lycium barbarum polysaccharide group.(2) The mitochondrial membrane potential in the H2O2 group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05),and that of lycium barbarum polysaccharide group was higher than that of the H2O2 group (P<0.05).(3) Compared with the control group,the apoptosis rate and the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 protein were increased (P<0.05),while the cell viability and the expression of Bcl-2 protein were decreased (P<0.05) in the H2O2 group.Compared with the H2O2 group,the apoptosis rate and the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 protein were decreased (P<0.05),while the cell viability and the expression of Bcl-2 protein were increased (P<0.05) in the lycium barbarum polysaccharide group.(4) Compared with the control group,the protein expression levels of phosphorylated promoter protein 1 and mitochondrial fission protein 1 were increased (P<0.05),and the protein expression levels of mitochondrial fusion protein 1,mitochondrial fusion protein 2,and optic atrophy protein 1 were decreased (P<0.05) in the H2O2 group.Compared with the H2O2 group,the protein expression levels of phosphorylated promoter protein 1 and mitochondrial fission protein 1 were decreased (P<0.05),and the protein expression levels of mitochondrial fusion protein 1,mitochondrial fusion protein 2,and optic atrophy protein 1 were increased (P<0.05) in the lycium barbarum polysaccharide group.(5) These results indicate that lycium barbarum polysaccharide can improve SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis caused by oxidative stress damage by regulating mitochondrial dynamics.

Objective To compare and analyze the application value of brain black blood technology three-dimensional BrainVIEW(3D-BrainVIEW)and conventional three-dimensional turbo field echo T1 weighted imaging(3D-TFE T1WI)in brain metastases of lung cancer.Methods A total of 60 patients with pathologically confirmed lung cancer were selected.All patients underwent brain enhanced MRI using 3D-BrainVIEW and 3D-TFE T1WI.The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of the two groups were compared and analyzed,respectively.The diagnostic efficacy(including number,size,and location)of the two groups of images in detecting brain metastases was evaluated by two experienced radiologists via double-blind method.Results The diagnostic consistency between the two radiologists was excellent[intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)=0.998,P<0.001].There were significant differences in SNR,CNR,and the number and location of brain metastases between 3D-BrainVIEW sequence and 3D-TFE T1WI sequence(P<0.05),and 3D-BrainVIEW sequence was significantly superior to 3D-TFE T1WI sequence.In addition,the number of brain metastases detected by 3D-Brain VIEW sequence was significantly higher than that detected by 3D-TFE T1WI sequence in lesions with minimum diameter(Dmin)<5 mm(P<0.001).There was no difference in the number of lesions detected by the two sequences in lesions with Dmin>5 mm(P>0.05).Conclusion The SNR and CNR of 3D-Brain VIEW enhanced scan images are significantly higher than those of 3D-TFE T1WI,which has higher detection efficiency for lung cancer brain metastases,and can effectively reduce misdiagnosis caused by microvascular enhance-ment,which has high clinical application value.

To understand the pathogenicity and drug resistance of swine-derived E.coli and its bio-logical characteristics in some areas in Hebei,E.coli was isolated and identified from diarrheal fe-ces of piglets collected from swine farms,and the isolated strains were subjected to drug sensitivity test,detection of the ability to form biofilm,pathogenicity test,virulence gene test,drug resistance gene test,and identification of phylogenetic subgroups.The results showed that a total of 35 patho-genic E.coli strains were isolated from the feces of diarrheic piglets,and most of the isolates were multidrug-resistant,and were resistant to at least three antibiotics,including amoxicillin(88.57％),ampicillin(88.57％),doxycycline(88.75％),sulfisoxazole(77.17％),lincomycin(100％),and chloramphenicol(100％);the isolates were severely resistant.The isolates all carried virulence genes,with a total of five virulence genes detected,namely,EAST1(77.14％),eaeA(17.14％),stx2e(5.71％),LT(2.86％),and STb(2.86％),and the isolates also carried multi-re-sistance genes,with a total of five virulence genes detected,namely,bla TEM-1(65.71％),bla CTX-M(20.00％),tetA(82.86％),tetB(14.29％),aadA2(17.14％),aac(6')-Ib(14.29％),qnrS(17.14％),sul 1(40.00％),sul2(34.29％),and floR(60.00％);the phylogenetic grouping showed that the isolates had a high proportion of group B1 and group A;and all 35 isolates showed differ-ent pathogenicity after infection of mice.This study provides a reference for the selection of effec-tive therapeutic drugs and the development of prevention and control programs for swine-origin pathogenic E.coli in Hebei Province.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammatory response of NLRP3 inflammasome in BV2 microglial cells.Methods:BV2 microglial cells were routinely cultured.CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of different concentrations(0.5,1,1.5,2 g/L)LBP on cell activity.Cells were di-vided into three groups:control group,LPS group and LBP+LPS group.Effect of LBP on LPS-induced cell activity was detected by CCK-8 method;RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-18 and IL-1β expressions.Western blot was used to detect expressions of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB p65,IL-18,IL-1β and TNF-α pro-teins.Results:CCK-8 assay showed that 1 g/L LBP was the most applicable.Compared with control group,cell viability in LPS group was decreased;RT-qPCR,immunofluorescence and Western blot results showed that fluorescence intensity,mRNA and protein expres-sions of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-18 and IL-1β were increased in LPS group.Western blot results showed that TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB p65 and TNF-α protein expressions were increased in LPS group.After LBP treatment,cell viability was increased;expres-sions of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,NF-κB p65,TLR4,MyD88,IL-18,IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased.Conclusion:LBP may in-hibit LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles in BV2 cells via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore how nurses respond to and experience task uncertainty in prehospital emergency care.Methods:Using purposive sampling, 13 prehospital emergency nurses from two tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province were selected between June and August 2024. Semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face. The interview data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method.Results:Four main themes were identified: a certain degree of task uncertainty exists in prehospital emergency care; nurses have varied emotional and cognitive responses to such uncertainty; nurses adopt diverse coping strategies; organizational-level interventions are essential to improving nurses' experiences.Conclusions:Nurses recognize the presence of task uncertainty in prehospital emergency care and demonstrate different responses and coping strategies. This highlights the need for both nurses and healthcare managers to acknowledge this characteristic of emergency work, help nurses alleviate negative experiences, foster positive coping mechanisms, and ensure the quality of prehospital emergency nursing services.

To understand the pathogenicity and drug resistance of swine-derived E.coli and its bio-logical characteristics in some areas in Hebei,E.coli was isolated and identified from diarrheal fe-ces of piglets collected from swine farms,and the isolated strains were subjected to drug sensitivity test,detection of the ability to form biofilm,pathogenicity test,virulence gene test,drug resistance gene test,and identification of phylogenetic subgroups.The results showed that a total of 35 patho-genic E.coli strains were isolated from the feces of diarrheic piglets,and most of the isolates were multidrug-resistant,and were resistant to at least three antibiotics,including amoxicillin(88.57％),ampicillin(88.57％),doxycycline(88.75％),sulfisoxazole(77.17％),lincomycin(100％),and chloramphenicol(100％);the isolates were severely resistant.The isolates all carried virulence genes,with a total of five virulence genes detected,namely,EAST1(77.14％),eaeA(17.14％),stx2e(5.71％),LT(2.86％),and STb(2.86％),and the isolates also carried multi-re-sistance genes,with a total of five virulence genes detected,namely,bla TEM-1(65.71％),bla CTX-M(20.00％),tetA(82.86％),tetB(14.29％),aadA2(17.14％),aac(6')-Ib(14.29％),qnrS(17.14％),sul 1(40.00％),sul2(34.29％),and floR(60.00％);the phylogenetic grouping showed that the isolates had a high proportion of group B1 and group A;and all 35 isolates showed differ-ent pathogenicity after infection of mice.This study provides a reference for the selection of effec-tive therapeutic drugs and the development of prevention and control programs for swine-origin pathogenic E.coli in Hebei Province.

BACKGROUND:A large number of studies have shown that neurodegenerative diseases are closely related to oxidative stress injury and the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics.Lycium barbarum polysaccharides have a neuroprotective effect.However,it is not clear whether lycium barbarum polysaccharides can ameliorate apoptosis induced by oxidative stress injury by regulating abnormal mitochondrial dynamics.OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of lycium barbarum polysaccharides on apoptosis induced by H2O2 in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells.METHODS:SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in three groups.The control group was cultured for 24 hours.The hydrogen peroxide group was treated with H2O2 for 24 hours,and the lycium barbarum polysaccharide group was treated with lycium barbarum polysaccharide for 2 hours and then treated with H2O2 for 24 hours.After treatment,the levels of malondialdehyde,glutathione,and superoxide dismutase in the precipitation of the cells were detected by kit.Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 kit.Cell viability was detected by MTT assay.Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL.The expression levels of mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins (phosphorylated promoter protein 1,mitochondrial fission protein 1,mitochondrial fusion protein 1,mitochondrial fusion protein 2,and optic atrophy protein 1) and apoptotic proteins (Bax,Bcl-2,and Caspase-3) were detected by immunofluorescence staining and western blot assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the control group,the levels of malondialdehyde were increased (P<0.05),and the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione were decreased (P<0.05) in the H2O2 group.Compared with the H2O2 group,the malondialdehyde level was decreased (P<0.05),and the superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels were increased (P<0.05) in the lycium barbarum polysaccharide group.(2) The mitochondrial membrane potential in the H2O2 group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05),and that of lycium barbarum polysaccharide group was higher than that of the H2O2 group (P<0.05).(3) Compared with the control group,the apoptosis rate and the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 protein were increased (P<0.05),while the cell viability and the expression of Bcl-2 protein were decreased (P<0.05) in the H2O2 group.Compared with the H2O2 group,the apoptosis rate and the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 protein were decreased (P<0.05),while the cell viability and the expression of Bcl-2 protein were increased (P<0.05) in the lycium barbarum polysaccharide group.(4) Compared with the control group,the protein expression levels of phosphorylated promoter protein 1 and mitochondrial fission protein 1 were increased (P<0.05),and the protein expression levels of mitochondrial fusion protein 1,mitochondrial fusion protein 2,and optic atrophy protein 1 were decreased (P<0.05) in the H2O2 group.Compared with the H2O2 group,the protein expression levels of phosphorylated promoter protein 1 and mitochondrial fission protein 1 were decreased (P<0.05),and the protein expression levels of mitochondrial fusion protein 1,mitochondrial fusion protein 2,and optic atrophy protein 1 were increased (P<0.05) in the lycium barbarum polysaccharide group.(5) These results indicate that lycium barbarum polysaccharide can improve SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis caused by oxidative stress damage by regulating mitochondrial dynamics.

Objective To compare and analyze the application value of brain black blood technology three-dimensional BrainVIEW(3D-BrainVIEW)and conventional three-dimensional turbo field echo T1 weighted imaging(3D-TFE T1WI)in brain metastases of lung cancer.Methods A total of 60 patients with pathologically confirmed lung cancer were selected.All patients underwent brain enhanced MRI using 3D-BrainVIEW and 3D-TFE T1WI.The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of the two groups were compared and analyzed,respectively.The diagnostic efficacy(including number,size,and location)of the two groups of images in detecting brain metastases was evaluated by two experienced radiologists via double-blind method.Results The diagnostic consistency between the two radiologists was excellent[intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)=0.998,P<0.001].There were significant differences in SNR,CNR,and the number and location of brain metastases between 3D-BrainVIEW sequence and 3D-TFE T1WI sequence(P<0.05),and 3D-BrainVIEW sequence was significantly superior to 3D-TFE T1WI sequence.In addition,the number of brain metastases detected by 3D-Brain VIEW sequence was significantly higher than that detected by 3D-TFE T1WI sequence in lesions with minimum diameter(Dmin)<5 mm(P<0.001).There was no difference in the number of lesions detected by the two sequences in lesions with Dmin>5 mm(P>0.05).Conclusion The SNR and CNR of 3D-Brain VIEW enhanced scan images are significantly higher than those of 3D-TFE T1WI,which has higher detection efficiency for lung cancer brain metastases,and can effectively reduce misdiagnosis caused by microvascular enhance-ment,which has high clinical application value.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammatory response of NLRP3 inflammasome in BV2 microglial cells.Methods:BV2 microglial cells were routinely cultured.CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of different concentrations(0.5,1,1.5,2 g/L)LBP on cell activity.Cells were di-vided into three groups:control group,LPS group and LBP+LPS group.Effect of LBP on LPS-induced cell activity was detected by CCK-8 method;RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-18 and IL-1β expressions.Western blot was used to detect expressions of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB p65,IL-18,IL-1β and TNF-α pro-teins.Results:CCK-8 assay showed that 1 g/L LBP was the most applicable.Compared with control group,cell viability in LPS group was decreased;RT-qPCR,immunofluorescence and Western blot results showed that fluorescence intensity,mRNA and protein expres-sions of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-18 and IL-1β were increased in LPS group.Western blot results showed that TLR4,MyD88,NF-κB p65 and TNF-α protein expressions were increased in LPS group.After LBP treatment,cell viability was increased;expres-sions of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,NF-κB p65,TLR4,MyD88,IL-18,IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased.Conclusion:LBP may in-hibit LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles in BV2 cells via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.