Objective We explored the anti-depressant activity and mechanism of arecoline in vivo in a mouse model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress.The aim was to explore the possible mechanisms of action,providing experimental evidence for further research into the health benefits of arecoline and theoretical support for the scientific development and utilization of this resource.Methods Sixty quarantine-qualified SPF C57BL/6J mice were divided randomly into a control group,model group,fluoxetine group(20 mg/kg),and arecoline low-,medium-,and high-dose groups(10,20,and 40 mg/kg,respectively)according to body mass(n=10 mice per group).The effects of arecoline on the behavior of the mice were evaluated by open-field,tail-suspension,and forced-swimming tests.Serum corticosterone and serum and brain levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay.Malondialdehyde(MDA),catalase(CAT),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),and norepinephrine(NE)levels in brain tissue,and dopamine(DA),gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-10,IL-1β,brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB),and cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB)were detected by Western Blot.Results Arecoline significantly reduced the total distance and average speed of the model mice in open field tests and increased activities,and significantly reduced the immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swimming tests.Arecoline also significantly decreased serum corticosterone levels,increased SOD and CAT,and decreased MDA levels.5-HT,DA,NE,and GABA levels were significantly increased,and the cytokines TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β were significantly decreased.Expression levels of BDNF,TrkB,and CREB in the brain tissue were significantly increased.Conclusions Research has found that arecoline has a significant antidepressant ability,and its mechanism may be achieved by reducing oxidative stress damage,inhibiting neuroinflammation,regulating neurotransmitter balance,and regulating the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway..This study explored the antidepressant efficacy of arecoline and preliminarily revealed its possible regulatory mechanism,which can provide data support for the neuroactivity of arecoline and lay a theoretical foundation for the development of arecoline as medicine.

Objective We explored the anti-depressant activity and mechanism of arecoline in vivo in a mouse model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress.The aim was to explore the possible mechanisms of action,providing experimental evidence for further research into the health benefits of arecoline and theoretical support for the scientific development and utilization of this resource.Methods Sixty quarantine-qualified SPF C57BL/6J mice were divided randomly into a control group,model group,fluoxetine group(20 mg/kg),and arecoline low-,medium-,and high-dose groups(10,20,and 40 mg/kg,respectively)according to body mass(n=10 mice per group).The effects of arecoline on the behavior of the mice were evaluated by open-field,tail-suspension,and forced-swimming tests.Serum corticosterone and serum and brain levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay.Malondialdehyde(MDA),catalase(CAT),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),and norepinephrine(NE)levels in brain tissue,and dopamine(DA),gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-10,IL-1β,brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB),and cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB)were detected by Western Blot.Results Arecoline significantly reduced the total distance and average speed of the model mice in open field tests and increased activities,and significantly reduced the immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swimming tests.Arecoline also significantly decreased serum corticosterone levels,increased SOD and CAT,and decreased MDA levels.5-HT,DA,NE,and GABA levels were significantly increased,and the cytokines TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β were significantly decreased.Expression levels of BDNF,TrkB,and CREB in the brain tissue were significantly increased.Conclusions Research has found that arecoline has a significant antidepressant ability,and its mechanism may be achieved by reducing oxidative stress damage,inhibiting neuroinflammation,regulating neurotransmitter balance,and regulating the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway..This study explored the antidepressant efficacy of arecoline and preliminarily revealed its possible regulatory mechanism,which can provide data support for the neuroactivity of arecoline and lay a theoretical foundation for the development of arecoline as medicine.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale， and preliminarily study its effect on acute lung injury （ALI） in mice. METHODS Using D. officinale as raw material， the polysaccharides were extracted from D. officinale by ultrasonic-assisted hot water immersion. Using the extraction rate of D. officinale polysaccharides as response value， the single-factor experiments and Box-Behnken response surface method were used to optimize the ratio of material to liquid， extraction time and extraction temperature. ALI mice were induced by lipopolysaccharide. Using prednisone acetate （5 mg/kg） as the positive control， the effects on the mass ratio of wet and dry lung and pathological changes of lung tissue （HE staining and Masson staining） of low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose D. officinale polysaccharides （50，100，200 mg/kg） were investigated. RESULTS The optimal extraction technology of D. officinale polysaccharides was as follows： the ratio of material to liquid was 1∶25 （g/mL）， the extracting time was 1 h， and the extracting temperature was 58 ℃ . Under these conditions， the average extraction rate of D. officinale polysaccharides was 37.75% （RSD＝1.12%，n＝3）， the relative error of which with predicted value （38.63%） was 2.28%. Compared with the model group， the ratios of wet and dry lung in the positive control group and D. officinale polysaccharides groups were all decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and the pathological changes in lung tissue （severe destruction of alveolar structure， significant widening of alveolar septa， extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells and proliferation of fibroblasts） were alleviated to varying degrees. CONCLUSIONS The optimal extraction process of D. officinale polysaccharides is feasible； the obtained polysaccharide extract has a certain improvement effect on ALI in mice.

Primary ocular adnexal mucosa-associated marginal zone lymphoma is the most common ocular adnexal lymphoma. In recent years, its incidence has been increasing, and some techniques of immunology and molecular biology can make us better identify lymphoma with other lymphadenopathies, and some imaging tools can better judge the stage. In addition to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, antibiotic therapy and immune therapy have made progresses in treatment. This paper reviews the research progress of the diagnosis, staging and treatment of the disease.

Objective: To summarize the adverse effects of pegaspargase in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies and management experience. Methods: Clinical data of patients who received chemotherapy including pegaspargase in the Department of Hematology of Beijing Tongren hospital during August 2011 to December 2015 were retrospective analyzed, and the adverse effects of pegaspargase and the management experience was summarized. Results: A total of 129 patients with 443 times of pegaspargase used during this period. The common adverse reactions included allergic reactions in 2 cases (1.6%), acute pancreatitis in 19 (14.7%) including 6 acute symptomatic pancreatitis and 13 chemical pancreatitis with elevated pancreatin, hypertriglyceridemia in 15 cases(11.6%), hyperglycemia in 85 (65.9%), hypoglycemia in 7 (5.4%), elevated aminotransferase in 25 (19.4%), hyperbilirubinemia in 21 (15.5%), hypoalbuminemia in 62 (48.1%), prolonged APTT in 61 (47.3%), prolonged PT in 22 (17.1%), prolonged TT in 15 (11.6%), hypofibrinogen in 75 (58.1%), thrombus in 11 (8.5%) and bleeding in 3 (2.3%). The above adverse reactions were improved by symptomatic treatment of anti allergy, inhibition of secretion of pancreatic juice, lipid lowering, hypoglycemic, liver preservation, supplementation of plasma and hemostasis, respectively. Some serious adverse reactions affected the application of pegaspargase, even lead to discontinuation of the aspartate. Conclusion Though adverse effects associated with pegaspargase are extensive, most patients can successfully complete the chemotherapy containing the pegaspargase with close monitoring and timely treatment.

Objective To understand the incidence and clinical characteristics of late-onset neutropnia (LON)caused by rituximab. Methods The medical records of patients treated with rituximab from hospital information system in Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University from December 1, 2012 to March 31,2017 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The criteria for neutropenia was defined as neutrophil count ＜1.5×109/L. Results A total of 166 patients were enrolled,including 94 males and 72 females,16～90 years old and the average age was (63 ± 11)years. Of the 166 patients,158 had B cell lymphoma,6 had immune thrombocytopenia,and 2 had optical neuromyelitis. The number of treatment course of rituximab was 2-16 and the median number of treatment course was 5. Among the 158 patients with B cell lymphoma,37,30,22,and 66 cases were in the Ann Arbor stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ,respectively, and 27 cases had bone marrow infiltration. Of the 166 patients,19 patients (11.4% )developed 20 cases of LON,of which 10 (6% )had grade 3-4 neutropenia(6 cases of grade 3,4 cases of grade 4);the median time for the last use of rituximab to LON occurrence was 56 days (22-105 days),and the median number of the lowest neutrophil count was 0. 95 × 109/L [(0.05-1. 47 )× 109/L ]. Three patients (all grade 4 neutropenia)developed complications (including 1 patient with pneumonia/bacteremia,1 with herpes zoster,and 1 with fever)during neutropenia,and all recovered after use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF)and antibiotics or antiviral treatments. Of 19 LON patients,5 patients(4 cases of grade 4 neutropenia,1 cases of grade 3)received GCSF treatment,14 patients did not receive special intervention, and the median duration of neutropenia was 16 days (5-42 days). The occurrence of LON was not related to age,gender,disease stages and bone marrow infiltration,but the IgM level and B lymphocyte count in LON patients were significantly lower than those in patients without-LON (P ＜0. 001 )6 months after drug withdrawal. Conclusions The rate of LON induced by rituximab was 11.4% in our hospital. The 2-3 grade neutropenia caused by rituximab are mostly self limiting,and the prognosis is good.Patients with 4 grade neutropenia may be complicated with infection,so GCSF therapy is needed.

Objective To understand the incidence and clinical characteristics of late-onset neutropnia (LON)caused by rituximab. Methods The medical records of patients treated with rituximab from hospital information system in Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University from December 1, 2012 to March 31,2017 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The criteria for neutropenia was defined as neutrophil count ＜1.5×109/L. Results A total of 166 patients were enrolled,including 94 males and 72 females,16～90 years old and the average age was (63 ± 11)years. Of the 166 patients,158 had B cell lymphoma,6 had immune thrombocytopenia,and 2 had optical neuromyelitis. The number of treatment course of rituximab was 2-16 and the median number of treatment course was 5. Among the 158 patients with B cell lymphoma,37,30,22,and 66 cases were in the Ann Arbor stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ,respectively, and 27 cases had bone marrow infiltration. Of the 166 patients,19 patients (11.4% )developed 20 cases of LON,of which 10 (6% )had grade 3-4 neutropenia(6 cases of grade 3,4 cases of grade 4);the median time for the last use of rituximab to LON occurrence was 56 days (22-105 days),and the median number of the lowest neutrophil count was 0. 95 × 109/L [(0.05-1. 47 )× 109/L ]. Three patients (all grade 4 neutropenia)developed complications (including 1 patient with pneumonia/bacteremia,1 with herpes zoster,and 1 with fever)during neutropenia,and all recovered after use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF)and antibiotics or antiviral treatments. Of 19 LON patients,5 patients(4 cases of grade 4 neutropenia,1 cases of grade 3)received GCSF treatment,14 patients did not receive special intervention, and the median duration of neutropenia was 16 days (5-42 days). The occurrence of LON was not related to age,gender,disease stages and bone marrow infiltration,but the IgM level and B lymphocyte count in LON patients were significantly lower than those in patients without-LON (P ＜0. 001 )6 months after drug withdrawal. Conclusions The rate of LON induced by rituximab was 11.4% in our hospital. The 2-3 grade neutropenia caused by rituximab are mostly self limiting,and the prognosis is good.Patients with 4 grade neutropenia may be complicated with infection,so GCSF therapy is needed.

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma,nasal type (ENKTL) is a aggressive lymphoma which arises from NK cells or T cells and has a poor prognosis.This article mainly reviewed and focused on hematological stem cell transplantation in treating ENKTL.