ObjectiveTo analyze the "compatibility" relationship of sugars and glycosides and the heat-clearing and blood-cooling effect of the roots of four varieties of Rehmannia glutinosa and provide a basis for research on the pharmacodynamic material basis and quality control of R. glutinosa. MethodsThe content of sugars and glycosides in the roots of four varieties of R. glutinosa was determined during the growth period. The principal component analysis （PCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）， and the "compatibility" relationship of active components were employed to screen out the differential samples. A rat model of bleeding due to blood heat was used to verify the pharmacodynamic differences and the potential active components of differential samples. ResultsThe content and proportion characteristics of various components in roots of the four varieties of R. glutinosa during the expansion stage and the maturity stage had obvious differences. The proportion of phenylethanoid glycosides at the maturity stage was higher than that at the expansion stage. The R. glutinosa variety 85-5 had special quality characteristics among the tested varieties. All the samples alleviated the symptoms in the rat model. The effect of clearing heat and cooling blood was different between the maturity stage and the expansion stage， as well as between 85-5 samples at the maturity stage and other samples. The effect of clearing heat and cooling blood of R. glutinosa roots was the result of the combined action of multiple components in R. glutinosa roots and might be related to the high proportions of polysaccharides， iridoid glycosides， and phenylethanoid glycosides. ConclusionThe growth stage and variety affect the quality of R. glutinosa roots. The effect of clearing heat and cooling blood of R. glutinosa roots was related to the content and proportions of various components. The study can provide a basis for the basic research on the active components and quality control of R. glutinosa.

ObjectiveTo analyze the "compatibility" relationship of sugars and glycosides and the heat-clearing and blood-cooling effect of the roots of four varieties of Rehmannia glutinosa and provide a basis for research on the pharmacodynamic material basis and quality control of R. glutinosa. MethodsThe content of sugars and glycosides in the roots of four varieties of R. glutinosa was determined during the growth period. The principal component analysis （PCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）， and the "compatibility" relationship of active components were employed to screen out the differential samples. A rat model of bleeding due to blood heat was used to verify the pharmacodynamic differences and the potential active components of differential samples. ResultsThe content and proportion characteristics of various components in roots of the four varieties of R. glutinosa during the expansion stage and the maturity stage had obvious differences. The proportion of phenylethanoid glycosides at the maturity stage was higher than that at the expansion stage. The R. glutinosa variety 85-5 had special quality characteristics among the tested varieties. All the samples alleviated the symptoms in the rat model. The effect of clearing heat and cooling blood was different between the maturity stage and the expansion stage， as well as between 85-5 samples at the maturity stage and other samples. The effect of clearing heat and cooling blood of R. glutinosa roots was the result of the combined action of multiple components in R. glutinosa roots and might be related to the high proportions of polysaccharides， iridoid glycosides， and phenylethanoid glycosides. ConclusionThe growth stage and variety affect the quality of R. glutinosa roots. The effect of clearing heat and cooling blood of R. glutinosa roots was related to the content and proportions of various components. The study can provide a basis for the basic research on the active components and quality control of R. glutinosa.

Objective To observe the value of T1WI deep learning models for evaluating brain injury of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia(NHB).Methods Totally 106 NHB(defined as newborns with neonatal behavioral neurological assessment≤37,NHB group)and 119 non-NHB newborns(control group)in center A,as well as 34 NHB and 18 non-NHB newborns in center B were collected.ROI was delineated based on bilateral globus pallidus on T1WI.A total of 690 slices were obtained by preprocessing data of center A and then were divided into training set(n=552)and test set(n=138)at a ratio of 8∶2.ResNet18,DenseNet121 and EfficientNetB0 models was established,respectively.External validation was performed based on data of center B.Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn,area under the curves(AUC)were calculated to evaluate the performance of models for assessing NHB brain injuries compared with traditional visual analysis.Results The AUC of ResNet18 model for evaluating NHB brain injury was 0.910-0.990,significantly higher than that of DenseNet121 model(0.710-0.820)and EfficientNetB0 model(0.640-0.740)(all P＜0.001).The accuracy,sensitivity and precision of ResNet18 model for evaluating NHB brain injury were all higher than those of visual analysis(all P＜0.05),while no significant difference of specificity was found between the above two(P＞0.05).Conclusion T1WI ResNet18 model showed excellent performance and generalization ability for evaluating NHB brain injury.

Objective To investigate the effect of resveratrol on airway remodeling induced by ovalbumin(OVA)in asthmatic young mice based on the sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)/transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)pathway.Methods Young mice were randomly assigned into normal group,model group,S1P group,resveratrol group,and resveratrol+S1P group,with 12 mice in each group.A mouse model of asthma induced by OVA was established.The Wright Giemsa staining was applied to detect the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).ELISA was applied to detect the levels of interleukin-4(IL),IL-5,and IL-13 in BALF.The colorimetric method was applied to detect the activities of SOD and CAT and the content of MDA in lung tissue.HE staining was applied to observe pathological changes in lung tissue,and the wall area of bronchial tube(Wat)and perimeter of basement membrane(Pbm)were analyzed.Masson staining was applied to observe the area of collagen fibers in lung tissue.Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression of α-SMA in lung tissue.Western blot was applied to detect the expression of E-cadherin,N-cadherin,Snail,SP1,and TGF-β1 proteins in lung tissue.Results Compared with the normal group,the number of eosinophils,lymphocytes,neutrophils,levels of IL-4,IL-5,and IL-13 in BALF,lung tissue MDA content,Wat/Pm ratio,collagen fiber area,α-SMA positive expression,the protein levels of N-cadherin,Snail,SP1,TGF-β1 increased in the model group,while the activities of SOD,CAT,and the protein level of E-cadherin in lung tissue decreased(P＜0.05).Compared to the model group,the number of eosinophils,lymphocytes,neutrophils,levels of IL-4,IL-5,and IL-13 in BALF,lung tissue MDA content,Wat/Pm ratio,collagen fiber area,α-SMA positive expression,the protein levels of N-cadherin,Snail,SP1,TGF-β1 decreased in the resveratrol group,while the activities of SOD,CAT,and the protein level of E-cadherin in lung tissue increased(P＜0.05).The S1P recombinant protein could weaken the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on airway remodeling in asthmatic young mice.Conclusion Resveratrol can inhibit oxidative stress,airway inflammation,and epithelial mesenchymal transition,thereby suppressing airway remodeling in asthmatic young mice.Its effect is related to the inhibition of the S1P/TGF-β1 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of resveratrol on airway remodeling induced by ovalbumin(OVA)in asthmatic young mice based on the sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)/transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)pathway.Methods Young mice were randomly assigned into normal group,model group,S1P group,resveratrol group,and resveratrol+S1P group,with 12 mice in each group.A mouse model of asthma induced by OVA was established.The Wright Giemsa staining was applied to detect the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).ELISA was applied to detect the levels of interleukin-4(IL),IL-5,and IL-13 in BALF.The colorimetric method was applied to detect the activities of SOD and CAT and the content of MDA in lung tissue.HE staining was applied to observe pathological changes in lung tissue,and the wall area of bronchial tube(Wat)and perimeter of basement membrane(Pbm)were analyzed.Masson staining was applied to observe the area of collagen fibers in lung tissue.Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression of α-SMA in lung tissue.Western blot was applied to detect the expression of E-cadherin,N-cadherin,Snail,SP1,and TGF-β1 proteins in lung tissue.Results Compared with the normal group,the number of eosinophils,lymphocytes,neutrophils,levels of IL-4,IL-5,and IL-13 in BALF,lung tissue MDA content,Wat/Pm ratio,collagen fiber area,α-SMA positive expression,the protein levels of N-cadherin,Snail,SP1,TGF-β1 increased in the model group,while the activities of SOD,CAT,and the protein level of E-cadherin in lung tissue decreased(P＜0.05).Compared to the model group,the number of eosinophils,lymphocytes,neutrophils,levels of IL-4,IL-5,and IL-13 in BALF,lung tissue MDA content,Wat/Pm ratio,collagen fiber area,α-SMA positive expression,the protein levels of N-cadherin,Snail,SP1,TGF-β1 decreased in the resveratrol group,while the activities of SOD,CAT,and the protein level of E-cadherin in lung tissue increased(P＜0.05).The S1P recombinant protein could weaken the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on airway remodeling in asthmatic young mice.Conclusion Resveratrol can inhibit oxidative stress,airway inflammation,and epithelial mesenchymal transition,thereby suppressing airway remodeling in asthmatic young mice.Its effect is related to the inhibition of the S1P/TGF-β1 signaling pathway.

Objective To observe the value of T1WI deep learning models for evaluating brain injury of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia(NHB).Methods Totally 106 NHB(defined as newborns with neonatal behavioral neurological assessment≤37,NHB group)and 119 non-NHB newborns(control group)in center A,as well as 34 NHB and 18 non-NHB newborns in center B were collected.ROI was delineated based on bilateral globus pallidus on T1WI.A total of 690 slices were obtained by preprocessing data of center A and then were divided into training set(n=552)and test set(n=138)at a ratio of 8∶2.ResNet18,DenseNet121 and EfficientNetB0 models was established,respectively.External validation was performed based on data of center B.Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn,area under the curves(AUC)were calculated to evaluate the performance of models for assessing NHB brain injuries compared with traditional visual analysis.Results The AUC of ResNet18 model for evaluating NHB brain injury was 0.910-0.990,significantly higher than that of DenseNet121 model(0.710-0.820)and EfficientNetB0 model(0.640-0.740)(all P＜0.001).The accuracy,sensitivity and precision of ResNet18 model for evaluating NHB brain injury were all higher than those of visual analysis(all P＜0.05),while no significant difference of specificity was found between the above two(P＞0.05).Conclusion T1WI ResNet18 model showed excellent performance and generalization ability for evaluating NHB brain injury.

Objective: To analyze the acute effects of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) components on primary school students lung function, so as to provide a scientific basis for protecting childrens respiratory health. Methods: From 2019 to 2021, the study selected a total of 2 120 primary school students from grades 3 to 5 in Tianjin using a stratified random sampling method to undergo lung function tests. At the same time, the shortterm exposure levels were simulated by combining PM2.5 components and student addresses, and the acute impact of PM2.5 exposure on primary school students lung function was analyzed by generalized linear models (GLM) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models. Results: The average daily concentration of PM2.5 in the air of Tianjin from 2019 to 2021 was 81.14 μg/m3, which was higher than the national standard. The results of lung function testing showed that there was no statistically significant difference in lung function measurement indicators such as forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), 75% forced expiratory volume in 75 (FEF75), and 25% forced expiratory volume in 25 (FEF25) among primary school students in different regions of Tianjin (F=1.23, 0.87, 2.34, 1.56, 0.98, P>0.05). But the GLM analysis results showed that all components of PM2.5 in the air had adverse effects on the lung function indicators of primary school students. When the concentrations of fluorene (FLU) and pyrene (PYR) increased by 10 ng/m3, the FVC of primary school students decreased by 166.44 and 61.94 L respectively. The WQS regression model analysis results showed that the mixed exposure of PM2.5 components particularly significant damaging effects on lung function indicators in primary school students, especially the FLU and PYR components in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as the heavy metal lead. Conclusions Both single and mixed exposure to various PM2.5 components in the air have adverse effects on the lung function of primary school students. Among them, the influences of FLU and PYR in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as heavy metal Pb, are particularly significant.Potential pollution sources should be controlled to protect the respiratory health of primary school students by comprehensive prevention and control measures.

ObjectiveTo investigate the metabolites and gene expression characteristics in fibrous roots of Dioscorea zingiberensis in response to low phosphorus stress. MethodThe severe stress group， the moderate stress group， and the normal group were set up to stimulate the low phosphorus stress experiment. The fibrous roots of D. zingiberensis were collected during initial stress. The metabolites and transcriptomic characteristics were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） derivatization and RNA-seq techniques. Through multivariate statistical analysis of metabolites treated by different methods，functional analysis of differentially expressed genes， and data mining， the metabolism markers produced in fibrous roots of D. zingiberensis under low phosphorus stress were screened out， and the metabolic pathway characteristics of different genes were analyzed. ResultA total of 116 GC-MS metabolites were detected from the fibrous roots of D. zingiberensis. The metabolic characteristics of fibrous roots of D. zingiberensis under different low phosphorus treatments were obviously different. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） model was used to screen six differential metabolites represented by sugars and alcohols from metabolites of fibrous roots treated with different methods，and these components were presumedly metabolism markers of fibrous roots of D. zingiberensis in response to low phosphorus stress. The differential genes screened out from the severe stress group and the normal group were mainly enriched in peroxidase pathway，phosphate and hypophosphate metabolism pathway，while the differential genes screened out from the severe stress group and the moderate stress group were mainly enriched in glutathione metabolism pathway and phosphopentose pathway. A total of 177 differential genes in response to low phosphorus stress were screened out from fibrous roots， involving many pathways such as terpenoid skeleton and inositol biosynthesis，which was consistent with the fact that the metabolic differential components in fibrous roots in response to low phosphorus stress were mainly saccharides and inositol. ConclusionThe metabolites and gene expression in fibrous roots of D. zingiberensis responded to low phosphorus stress，and the differential metabolites were closely related to differentially expressed genes. This study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the research on the molecular mechanism of D. zingiberensis in response to low phosphorus stress.

ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of different fixation methods on the chemical quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of Rehmannia glutinosa leaves， so as to lay a foundation for the selection of processing technology and quality evaluation of this medicinal materials. MethodR. glutinosa leaves was dried at 55 ℃ after treating by three fixation methods （55 ℃， boiling water， 105 ℃）， and then the fingerprints of R. glutinosa leaves were collected by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and near infrared spectroscopy （NIRS）， and their antioxidant activities were analyzed by the 2，2-biphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） method. Finally， similarity analysis， principal component analysis （PCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） and Pearson correlation analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of R. glutinosa leaves with different fixation methods. ResultThe results of HPLC and NIRS fingerprint analysis indicated that there were differences in the quality characteristics of R. glutinosa leaves by different fixation treatments. The comprehensive score of chemical quality of R. glutinosa leaves by fixation at 55 ℃ was the highest， its average comprehensive score was 2.096， followed by fixation at 105 ℃， and the lowest was fixation with boiling water. The antioxidant activity of sample with fixation at 55 ℃ was the highest， followed by fixation with boiling water. The results of OPLS-DA showed that verbascoside， isoacteoside and catalpol were the main components causing the difference in chemical quality of the leaves from the three treatments， and the three components were positively correlated with the antioxidant activity of R. glutinosa leaves. Among them， the correlation between verbascoside and antioxidant activity was extremely significant， and the isoacteoside was significant. ConclusionThe chemical quality and antioxidant activity of R. glutinosa leaves are affected by the method of fixation， and the fixation at low temperature is the best primary processing method of R. glutinosa leaves.