Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among Chinese children aged 3-18 years from 11 provinces, antonomous regions, or municipalities.Methods:This national cross-sectional community health survey utilized a multistage stratified cluster-random sampling method to recruit 193 997 nationally representative participants from 11 provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities between January 2017 and December 2019. All participants underwent physical examinations, and their caregivers completed questionnaires assessing participants′ dietary, lifestyle, familial, and perinatal information. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression models were employed to identify the potential risk factors.Results:The cohort comprised 193 997 children (102 178 boys, 91 819 girls),aged (10±4) years. Overall prevalence rates were 30 574(15.8%)overweight children and 17 217(8.9%) obesity children. Boys exhibited higher overweight and obesity rates than girls (17.0% (17 368/102 178) vs. 14.4% (13 206/102 178), 11.3% (11 553/91 819) vs. 6.2% (5 664/91 819), χ2=249.12,1 578.69,both P<0.001). The detection rates of obesity in Tanner stage 2 and 3 were the highest in boys and girls, with 13.4%(2 231/16 665) and 8.6%(880/10 221) respectively. Risk factors for obesity included parental overweight (paternal OR=2.34 and maternal OR=2.29), annual household income of 100 000-200 000 yuan (compared with<100 000 yuan, OR=1.04), higher paternal education (compared with below high school,high school and a college education OR=1.09,1.14), birth weight >4.0 kg (≤5 and>5 years old OR=1.74, 1.44,respectively), and western food consumption≥1 time/month (compared with<1, 1-2, 3-4,>4 times/month OR=1.36, 1.30, 1.67(≤5 years), 1.19, 1.16, 1.15 (>5 years), respectively) (all P<0.05). Conversely, coarse grain intake≥1 times/week (compared with<1 times/week, every day, 3-4, 1-2 times/week OR=0.74, 0.80, 0.71 (≤5 years), 0.75, 0.87, 0.90(>5 years), respectively, all P<0.05) was associated with reduced obesity risk. Conclusions:Obesity epidemiology in children demonstrates significant heterogeneity across age, gender, geographic regions, and pubertal stages. It is necessary to establish a personalized prevention and control strategy.

Wu Jutong's academic thoughts are inherited from Ye Tianshi and traced back to Zhongjing,and have a unique under-standing and play of the evil invading Shaoyang.Wu Jutong believes that Shaoyang has two major functional characteristics:ascending and pivoting.The principle of treating evil invading Shaoyang is to follow the ascending nature of Shaoyang and restore the pivoting function of Shaoyang.For Shaoyang fire-heat syndrome,follow Shaoyang to ascend and disperse to penetrate heat,and often use light,scavenging and dispersing products;for Shaoyang phlegm-fluid syndrome,creat Xiangfu Xuanfuhua Decoction to benefit the liver and gallbladder and resolve phlegm-fluid;for malaria invading Shaoyang,turn the pivot to stop malaria,and use Xiaochaihu Decoction and Qinghao Biejia Decoction for the treatment;for yin evil invading Shaoyang and Jueyin,Xiao Chaihu Decoction and Bupleurum chinense DC.are often used to turn the pivot of Shaoyang and warm and unchoke Jueyin.The contraindications of Xiao Chaihu Decoction are al-so summarized.

Objective: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by central sensitivity to pain, and it is universally acknowledged as a recalcitrant disease. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of the Roujin formula in treating FMS patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome, aiming to provide more scientific and effective treatment options. Methods: Forty-eight eligible participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the Roujin formula group (n = 24) or the placebo group (n = 24). The Roujin formula group received 150 mL of the Roujin formula twice daily, whereas the placebo group was given a tenth of the Roujin formula dosage, twice daily. The treatment lasted for 8 weeks, with a follow-up extending to 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the improvement in the pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, whereas secondary outcomes included enhancements in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores. These measures were assessed at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The Patients’ Global Impression of Change (PGIC) was collected at week 12. Safety assessments were based on routine blood tests, urine tests, and liver and kidney function evaluations. Results: The improvement in the pain VAS score was significantly greater in the Roujin formula group than that in the placebo group at the 4-, 8-, and 12-week follow-ups (p < 0.05). At the 8-week treatment and the 12-week follow-up, improvements in PSQI and FIQR scores were also superior in the Roujin formula group compared with the placebo group (p < 0.05). There were no differences between the 2 groups in the improvement of BDI-II scores, SF-36 physical component summary, and mental component summary scores at any observation time points. At the 12-week follow-up, PGIC ratings were significantly better in the Roujin formula group (p < 0.05). There were 4 adverse events, all of which occurred in the Roujin formula group, including 3 cases of diarrhea and 1 case of stomach pain; no serious adverse events were reported during the study. Conclusion: The Roujin formula can effectively enhance the overall condition of FMS patients, relieve pain, improve sleep quality, and elevate physical and mental well-being. Only mild gastrointestinal reactions were observed. The Roujin formula may be a viable candidate for clinical implementation.

Objective: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by central sensitivity to pain, and it is universally acknowledged as a recalcitrant disease. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of the Roujin formula in treating FMS patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome, aiming to provide more scientific and effective treatment options. Methods: Forty-eight eligible participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the Roujin formula group (n = 24) or the placebo group (n = 24). The Roujin formula group received 150 mL of the Roujin formula twice daily, whereas the placebo group was given a tenth of the Roujin formula dosage, twice daily. The treatment lasted for 8 weeks, with a follow-up extending to 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the improvement in the pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, whereas secondary outcomes included enhancements in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores. These measures were assessed at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The Patients’ Global Impression of Change (PGIC) was collected at week 12. Safety assessments were based on routine blood tests, urine tests, and liver and kidney function evaluations. Results: The improvement in the pain VAS score was significantly greater in the Roujin formula group than that in the placebo group at the 4-, 8-, and 12-week follow-ups (p < 0.05). At the 8-week treatment and the 12-week follow-up, improvements in PSQI and FIQR scores were also superior in the Roujin formula group compared with the placebo group (p < 0.05). There were no differences between the 2 groups in the improvement of BDI-II scores, SF-36 physical component summary, and mental component summary scores at any observation time points. At the 12-week follow-up, PGIC ratings were significantly better in the Roujin formula group (p < 0.05). There were 4 adverse events, all of which occurred in the Roujin formula group, including 3 cases of diarrhea and 1 case of stomach pain; no serious adverse events were reported during the study. Conclusion: The Roujin formula can effectively enhance the overall condition of FMS patients, relieve pain, improve sleep quality, and elevate physical and mental well-being. Only mild gastrointestinal reactions were observed. The Roujin formula may be a viable candidate for clinical implementation.

Objective: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by central sensitivity to pain, and it is universally acknowledged as a recalcitrant disease. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of the Roujin formula in treating FMS patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome, aiming to provide more scientific and effective treatment options. Methods: Forty-eight eligible participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the Roujin formula group (n = 24) or the placebo group (n = 24). The Roujin formula group received 150 mL of the Roujin formula twice daily, whereas the placebo group was given a tenth of the Roujin formula dosage, twice daily. The treatment lasted for 8 weeks, with a follow-up extending to 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the improvement in the pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, whereas secondary outcomes included enhancements in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores. These measures were assessed at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The Patients’ Global Impression of Change (PGIC) was collected at week 12. Safety assessments were based on routine blood tests, urine tests, and liver and kidney function evaluations. Results: The improvement in the pain VAS score was significantly greater in the Roujin formula group than that in the placebo group at the 4-, 8-, and 12-week follow-ups (p < 0.05). At the 8-week treatment and the 12-week follow-up, improvements in PSQI and FIQR scores were also superior in the Roujin formula group compared with the placebo group (p < 0.05). There were no differences between the 2 groups in the improvement of BDI-II scores, SF-36 physical component summary, and mental component summary scores at any observation time points. At the 12-week follow-up, PGIC ratings were significantly better in the Roujin formula group (p < 0.05). There were 4 adverse events, all of which occurred in the Roujin formula group, including 3 cases of diarrhea and 1 case of stomach pain; no serious adverse events were reported during the study. Conclusion: The Roujin formula can effectively enhance the overall condition of FMS patients, relieve pain, improve sleep quality, and elevate physical and mental well-being. Only mild gastrointestinal reactions were observed. The Roujin formula may be a viable candidate for clinical implementation.

Wu Jutong's academic thoughts are inherited from Ye Tianshi and traced back to Zhongjing,and have a unique under-standing and play of the evil invading Shaoyang.Wu Jutong believes that Shaoyang has two major functional characteristics:ascending and pivoting.The principle of treating evil invading Shaoyang is to follow the ascending nature of Shaoyang and restore the pivoting function of Shaoyang.For Shaoyang fire-heat syndrome,follow Shaoyang to ascend and disperse to penetrate heat,and often use light,scavenging and dispersing products;for Shaoyang phlegm-fluid syndrome,creat Xiangfu Xuanfuhua Decoction to benefit the liver and gallbladder and resolve phlegm-fluid;for malaria invading Shaoyang,turn the pivot to stop malaria,and use Xiaochaihu Decoction and Qinghao Biejia Decoction for the treatment;for yin evil invading Shaoyang and Jueyin,Xiao Chaihu Decoction and Bupleurum chinense DC.are often used to turn the pivot of Shaoyang and warm and unchoke Jueyin.The contraindications of Xiao Chaihu Decoction are al-so summarized.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among Chinese children aged 3-18 years from 11 provinces, antonomous regions, or municipalities.Methods:This national cross-sectional community health survey utilized a multistage stratified cluster-random sampling method to recruit 193 997 nationally representative participants from 11 provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities between January 2017 and December 2019. All participants underwent physical examinations, and their caregivers completed questionnaires assessing participants′ dietary, lifestyle, familial, and perinatal information. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression models were employed to identify the potential risk factors.Results:The cohort comprised 193 997 children (102 178 boys, 91 819 girls),aged (10±4) years. Overall prevalence rates were 30 574(15.8%)overweight children and 17 217(8.9%) obesity children. Boys exhibited higher overweight and obesity rates than girls (17.0% (17 368/102 178) vs. 14.4% (13 206/102 178), 11.3% (11 553/91 819) vs. 6.2% (5 664/91 819), χ2=249.12,1 578.69,both P<0.001). The detection rates of obesity in Tanner stage 2 and 3 were the highest in boys and girls, with 13.4%(2 231/16 665) and 8.6%(880/10 221) respectively. Risk factors for obesity included parental overweight (paternal OR=2.34 and maternal OR=2.29), annual household income of 100 000-200 000 yuan (compared with<100 000 yuan, OR=1.04), higher paternal education (compared with below high school,high school and a college education OR=1.09,1.14), birth weight >4.0 kg (≤5 and>5 years old OR=1.74, 1.44,respectively), and western food consumption≥1 time/month (compared with<1, 1-2, 3-4,>4 times/month OR=1.36, 1.30, 1.67(≤5 years), 1.19, 1.16, 1.15 (>5 years), respectively) (all P<0.05). Conversely, coarse grain intake≥1 times/week (compared with<1 times/week, every day, 3-4, 1-2 times/week OR=0.74, 0.80, 0.71 (≤5 years), 0.75, 0.87, 0.90(>5 years), respectively, all P<0.05) was associated with reduced obesity risk. Conclusions:Obesity epidemiology in children demonstrates significant heterogeneity across age, gender, geographic regions, and pubertal stages. It is necessary to establish a personalized prevention and control strategy.

Objective To understand the usage of national medical insurance negotiated drugs(hereinafter referred to as"negotiated drugs")at Tianjin Second People's Hospital and to provide references for optimizing and adjusting the hospital's drug catalog.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the usage of negotiated drugs from January 1,2018 to December 31,2022 to compare changes in the unit price of drugs,the quantity and amount of sales,the usage frequency(DDDs)and the daily average cost(DDC),etc before and after the negotiation.Results Between 2018 and 2022,the varieties of negotiated drugs used in the hospital increased from the original 5 to 24.Among the 13 drugs analyzed for comparison,the unit prices of 11 drugs had been reduced after negotiation,and 7 drugs were included in the medical insurance and outpatient-specific disease payment directory.The average decrease in DDC was 36.43%,and the average increase in DDDs was 1 770.31%.The implementation of this policy had increased the accessibility of medication for patients and significantly increased sales quantity.Conclusion The quantity of sales of negotiated drugs significantly increased through reducing the unit price of drugs and including them in the scope of medical insurance payment,etc.These increase the pharmacoeconomic viability of negotiated drugs,effectively reduce the burden on patients,promote rational drug use in hospitals,and improve the access and efficiency of drugs.

Objective:To investigate the status of height and weight of 3-18-year-old children and adolescents in urban China, and to provide a basis for establishing puberty phase specific curves for age-specific height and age-specific weight.Methods:A cross-sectional survey of 218 185 children and adolescents aged 3-18 years in urban China was conducted by using the method of stratified random cluster sampling from January 2017 to December 2019. The sampling areas included 12 provinces municipalities in China and autonomous regions in total. Data were collected on weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and secondary sexual characteristics. The generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) was employed to establish percentile reference values and growth curves of height and weight for boys and girls aged 3-18 years. Wilcoxon rank sum test was applied to compare the P 50 value of height and weight between children of each Tanner stage and children of the same age ignoring the different puberty phase. Results:The 3rd, 50th, and 97th percentile curves for height and weight for age were developed for boys and girls aged 3-18 years. The 3rd, 50th, and 97th percentile curves for age-specific height and age-specific weight for each puberty phase were developed for boys and girls. Compared with all children ignoring the different puberty phase, boys aged 9 and over and girls aged 7 and over who are at Tanner stage 1 showed shorter height and lighter weight than those of the same age group (all P<0.01), the difference ranges of height at P 50 are -4.0 to -0.6 cm for boys, and -4.4 to 0.5 cm for girls; the difference ranges of weight are -4.8 to 0.4 kg for boys, and -4.0 to -0.3 kg for girls; children at Tanner stage 2 & 3 initially were taller and heavier than those of the same age group; and later grew shorter and lighter than those of the same age group, the two sets of curves cross over; boys aged 16 and under and girl aged under 14 who are at Tanner stage 4 were taller and heavier than those of the same age group (all P<0.01), the difference ranges of height at P 50 are 0.2 to 10.0 cm for boys, and 0.2 to 9.4 cm for girls; the difference ranges of weight at P 50 are 0.7 to 10.9 kg for boys, and 1.0 to 11.2 kg for girls, and the differences showed narrowing trend with age. Conclusion:The puberty phase specific growth curves of age-specific height and age-specific weight for boys and girls aged 3-18 years are established, it is useful for clinical work to evaluate physical development of children at different puberty phases.

Objective To investigate the genetic basis of patients with intellectual disability,and to assess the application of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)-array in the molecular diagnosis of intellectual disability.Methods Sixty-four patients with intellectual disability who were identified in Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2013 to June of 2015 were enrolled.Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and was analyzed with Illumina Humancyto SNP-12 300K gene array chip.All identified copy number variants (CNVs) were analyzed with references from databases such as ClinVar,DECIPHER,OMIM and DGV(Database of Genomic Variants),as well as comprehensive literature review from PubMed database to determine the pathogenicity of CNVs.Results Sixteen cases of the above 64 patients were found to have CNVs with genomic alterations,including 6 cases microdeletions/microduplications associated with known syndromes,3 cases microdeletions and microduplications with clear clinical relevance (non-syndrome),1 case numerical chromosome aberration,1 case unbalanced translocation and 5 cases CNVs of unknown clinical significance.The detection rate was 25% (16/64 cases).Among these 16 abnormalities,6 cases of them could not be detected by using karyotyping analysis because their sizes were less than 5 Mb,and the smallest detected missing fragment was 0.53 Mb.Conclusion SNP-array gene chip technique with the advantages of higher efficiency,high-resolution and good accuracy,which can be applied to the genetic diagnosis of intellectual disability.