Objective To analyze the dynamic changes and influencing factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(TB)infection in grade-1 students in senior high school at the time of enrollment and one year after enrollment.Methods In 2022,TB screening was carried out among grade-2 students in 4 senior high schools in Binhai and Xiqing Districts of Tianjin.Basic information of students was collected,and TB infection detection results of grade-1 students in senior high school at the time of enrollment were collected retrospectively.Positive rate,strong positive rate and positive conversion rate from tuberculin skin test(TST)results of students were compared.Univariate and multiva-riate logistic regression models were used to analyze the relevant influencing factors for positive conversion of TST results.Results The overall positive rate of 1 839 students one year after enrollment was higher than that at the enrollment(46.82％vs 33.12％),while strong positive rate was lower(12.51％vs 13.00％),both with statisti-cally significant differences(both P＜0.001).One year after enrollment,64 out of 1 230 students who were origi-nally negative for TST in their first year of senior high school turned positive,with a positive conversion rate of 5.20％(95％CI:3.93％-6.48％).One year after enrollment,TST results showed that the average diameter of induration was 5(2,8)mm,diameter was 2(0,5)mm at the enrollment of the first year of senior high school,but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.478).The difference range of average diameter of induration was±21 mm,39.70％of students being within±2 mm.Students with increased and decreased average diameter of induration accounted for 65.09％and 28.49％,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis result showed that students in boarding school had a higher risk of positive conversion compared with non-boarding school students(OR=4.842,95％CI:2.794-8.392).Conclusion The screening of TB infection among grade-2 students in senior high school should be strengthened,with a focus on boarding school students.Early detection of tuberculosis patients and newly infected individuals can provide reference for implementing precise prevention and control.

Objective::This study aimed to explore the causal link between olive intake and the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD) using Mendelian randomization (MR).Methods::In this study, genome-wide association study data from IEU OpenGWAS were employed. A 2-sample MR analysis was used to determine the causal association of olive intake with CHD and cardiovascular outcomes (myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and death due to cardiac causes). The data for olive intake included 64,949 samples and 9,851,867 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the data for CHD included 361,194 samples and 13,295,130 SNPs; The data for myocardial infarction included 361,194 samples and 12,640,541 SNPs, the heart failure include 208,178 samples and 16,380,422 SNPs, the data for stroke included 361,194 samples and 12,404,026 SNPs, and the data for death due to cardiac causes included 361,194 samples and 10,071,648 SNPs. Additionally, a 2-step, 2-sample MR approach was used for mediation analysis to determine whether lipid traits mediate the causal association between olive intake and CHD. The data for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein A1 included 115,078 samples and 12,321,875 SNPs, while the data for triglycerides included 21,545 samples and 11,871,391 SNPs. Cochran’s Q test was applied to examine potential heterogeneity, and the MR-Egger method was used to assess horizontal pleiotropy among SNPs. Leave-one-out analysis was performed as a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the robustness of the results. Results::For each standard deviation increase in olive intake, the risk of CHD decreased by a substantial 1.9% (odds ratio (OR) = 0.981, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.963 to 0.998, P = 0.031), the risk of myocardial infarction was significantly reduced by 1.6% (OR = 0.984, 95% CI: 0.969 to 0.999, P = 0.032), and the risk of heart failure declined by 62.1% (OR = 0.379, 95% CI: 0.192 to 0.746, P = 0.005). Furthermore, mediation analysis with MR indicated that lipid traits did not mediate the causal relationship between olive intake and CHD. Conclusion::There is a negative correlation between olive intake and the incidence of CHD, and this relationship is not mediated by lipid traits. Olive intake was also negatively associated with some cardiovascular outcomes, suggesting that increasing olive intake holds significant value in preventing the onset and progression of CHD.

Objective::This study aimed to explore the causal link between olive intake and the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD) using Mendelian randomization (MR).Methods::In this study, genome-wide association study data from IEU OpenGWAS were employed. A 2-sample MR analysis was used to determine the causal association of olive intake with CHD and cardiovascular outcomes (myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and death due to cardiac causes). The data for olive intake included 64,949 samples and 9,851,867 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the data for CHD included 361,194 samples and 13,295,130 SNPs; The data for myocardial infarction included 361,194 samples and 12,640,541 SNPs, the heart failure include 208,178 samples and 16,380,422 SNPs, the data for stroke included 361,194 samples and 12,404,026 SNPs, and the data for death due to cardiac causes included 361,194 samples and 10,071,648 SNPs. Additionally, a 2-step, 2-sample MR approach was used for mediation analysis to determine whether lipid traits mediate the causal association between olive intake and CHD. The data for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein A1 included 115,078 samples and 12,321,875 SNPs, while the data for triglycerides included 21,545 samples and 11,871,391 SNPs. Cochran’s Q test was applied to examine potential heterogeneity, and the MR-Egger method was used to assess horizontal pleiotropy among SNPs. Leave-one-out analysis was performed as a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the robustness of the results. Results::For each standard deviation increase in olive intake, the risk of CHD decreased by a substantial 1.9% (odds ratio (OR) = 0.981, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.963 to 0.998, P = 0.031), the risk of myocardial infarction was significantly reduced by 1.6% (OR = 0.984, 95% CI: 0.969 to 0.999, P = 0.032), and the risk of heart failure declined by 62.1% (OR = 0.379, 95% CI: 0.192 to 0.746, P = 0.005). Furthermore, mediation analysis with MR indicated that lipid traits did not mediate the causal relationship between olive intake and CHD. Conclusion::There is a negative correlation between olive intake and the incidence of CHD, and this relationship is not mediated by lipid traits. Olive intake was also negatively associated with some cardiovascular outcomes, suggesting that increasing olive intake holds significant value in preventing the onset and progression of CHD.

Standardized research reporting is crucial for the translation of pharmacoepidemiology research findings,and visual reporting can significantly enhance the clarity,understandability,and transparency of research results.Based on the Guide on Methodological Standards in Pharmacoepidemiology(2nd edition),this article systematically explains the key points for writing each component of a research report(including title,abstract,introduction,research methods,research results,discussion and conclusions,acknowledgments,conflict of interest statement,and references).This article also summarizes recognized international and domestic standards for pharmacoepidemiology research reporting,providing a reference for researchers.Furthermore,real-world cases will be used to demonstrate common forms of visualized reports and their interpretation methods.Finally,it further explores strategies for communicating research results.This study aims to provide pharmacoepidemiology researchers with detailed guidance on visually presenting research results and writing high-quality research reports,thereby enhancing the integrity and impact of their research.

Standardized research reporting is crucial for the translation of pharmacoepidemiology research findings,and visual reporting can significantly enhance the clarity,understandability,and transparency of research results.Based on the Guide on Methodological Standards in Pharmacoepidemiology(2nd edition),this article systematically explains the key points for writing each component of a research report(including title,abstract,introduction,research methods,research results,discussion and conclusions,acknowledgments,conflict of interest statement,and references).This article also summarizes recognized international and domestic standards for pharmacoepidemiology research reporting,providing a reference for researchers.Furthermore,real-world cases will be used to demonstrate common forms of visualized reports and their interpretation methods.Finally,it further explores strategies for communicating research results.This study aims to provide pharmacoepidemiology researchers with detailed guidance on visually presenting research results and writing high-quality research reports,thereby enhancing the integrity and impact of their research.

Objective To analyze the dynamic changes and influencing factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(TB)infection in grade-1 students in senior high school at the time of enrollment and one year after enrollment.Methods In 2022,TB screening was carried out among grade-2 students in 4 senior high schools in Binhai and Xiqing Districts of Tianjin.Basic information of students was collected,and TB infection detection results of grade-1 students in senior high school at the time of enrollment were collected retrospectively.Positive rate,strong positive rate and positive conversion rate from tuberculin skin test(TST)results of students were compared.Univariate and multiva-riate logistic regression models were used to analyze the relevant influencing factors for positive conversion of TST results.Results The overall positive rate of 1 839 students one year after enrollment was higher than that at the enrollment(46.82％vs 33.12％),while strong positive rate was lower(12.51％vs 13.00％),both with statisti-cally significant differences(both P＜0.001).One year after enrollment,64 out of 1 230 students who were origi-nally negative for TST in their first year of senior high school turned positive,with a positive conversion rate of 5.20％(95％CI:3.93％-6.48％).One year after enrollment,TST results showed that the average diameter of induration was 5(2,8)mm,diameter was 2(0,5)mm at the enrollment of the first year of senior high school,but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.478).The difference range of average diameter of induration was±21 mm,39.70％of students being within±2 mm.Students with increased and decreased average diameter of induration accounted for 65.09％and 28.49％,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis result showed that students in boarding school had a higher risk of positive conversion compared with non-boarding school students(OR=4.842,95％CI:2.794-8.392).Conclusion The screening of TB infection among grade-2 students in senior high school should be strengthened,with a focus on boarding school students.Early detection of tuberculosis patients and newly infected individuals can provide reference for implementing precise prevention and control.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3)on the alleviation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(IR)injury by sponging miR-21 in rats after ovariectomy(OVX).Methods A total of 108 female SD rats were subjected,and 48 of them were randomly divided into sham group,OVX group,IR group and combined group 1(OVX+IR),with 12 rats in each group.And the remaining 60 rats were given an injection with blank adeno-associated virus(AAV,negative control),lncRNA MEG3 AAV and miR-21 AAV,respectively through the tail vein before OVX and myocardial IR modeling,and then consequently assigned into negative sham group,negative model group,lncRNA MEG3 group,miR-21 group,and combined group 2(lncRNA MEG3+miR-21),with 12 rats in each group.Myocardial infarction size,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ven-tricular fractional shortening(LVFS),serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine kinase(CK),creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB)content,cardiomyocyte apoptotic rate and expression level of cleaved Caspase-3 were determined.Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to detect lncRNA MEG3 targeting miR-21 in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.Results Compared with the sham group,the expression of lncRNA MEG3 was decreased and that of miR-21 was increased in the OVX group,IR group and combined group 1(P＜0.05).The combination group 1 had significant-ly lower lncRNA MEG3 expression and higher miR-21 expression than the OVX group and IR group(P＜0.05).Compared with the negative model group,the myocardial infarction size,serum LDH,CK,CK-MB,cardiomyocyte apoptotic rate,and cleaved Caspase-3 expression were de-creased,while LVFS and LVEF were increased in the lncRNA MEG3 group(P＜0.05).Compared with the lncRNA MEG3 group,myocardial infarction size,serum LDH,CK,CK-MB content,car-diomyocyte apoptotic rate,Cleaved Caspase-3 expression were increased,while LVFS and LVEF were decreased in the combined group 2[(43.58±3.32)％vs(50.37±4.29)％,(57.12±4.28)％vs(68.47±5.61)％,P＜0.05].Conclusion Overexpression of lncRNA MEG3 alleviates the myo-cardium IR injury in OVX rats by sponging miR-21.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)maternally expressed gene 3(MEG3)on the alleviation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(IR)injury by sponging miR-21 in rats after ovariectomy(OVX).Methods A total of 108 female SD rats were subjected,and 48 of them were randomly divided into sham group,OVX group,IR group and combined group 1(OVX+IR),with 12 rats in each group.And the remaining 60 rats were given an injection with blank adeno-associated virus(AAV,negative control),lncRNA MEG3 AAV and miR-21 AAV,respectively through the tail vein before OVX and myocardial IR modeling,and then consequently assigned into negative sham group,negative model group,lncRNA MEG3 group,miR-21 group,and combined group 2(lncRNA MEG3+miR-21),with 12 rats in each group.Myocardial infarction size,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ven-tricular fractional shortening(LVFS),serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine kinase(CK),creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB)content,cardiomyocyte apoptotic rate and expression level of cleaved Caspase-3 were determined.Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to detect lncRNA MEG3 targeting miR-21 in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.Results Compared with the sham group,the expression of lncRNA MEG3 was decreased and that of miR-21 was increased in the OVX group,IR group and combined group 1(P＜0.05).The combination group 1 had significant-ly lower lncRNA MEG3 expression and higher miR-21 expression than the OVX group and IR group(P＜0.05).Compared with the negative model group,the myocardial infarction size,serum LDH,CK,CK-MB,cardiomyocyte apoptotic rate,and cleaved Caspase-3 expression were de-creased,while LVFS and LVEF were increased in the lncRNA MEG3 group(P＜0.05).Compared with the lncRNA MEG3 group,myocardial infarction size,serum LDH,CK,CK-MB content,car-diomyocyte apoptotic rate,Cleaved Caspase-3 expression were increased,while LVFS and LVEF were decreased in the combined group 2[(43.58±3.32)％vs(50.37±4.29)％,(57.12±4.28)％vs(68.47±5.61)％,P＜0.05].Conclusion Overexpression of lncRNA MEG3 alleviates the myo-cardium IR injury in OVX rats by sponging miR-21.

Humans ; Infant ; Biliary Atresia/diagnosis* ; Choledochal Cyst/diagnosis* ; RNA, Circular ; Diagnosis, Differential

Objective To investigate the role of nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in the regulation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(IR)injury in ovariectomized(OVX)rats.Methods A total of 132 female SD rats were subjected,and 48 of them were randomly divided into sham operation group,IR group,OVX group and combined group,with 12 in each group.In order to explore the role of endothelous NOS(eNOS)and inducible NOS(iNOS)in ovariectomization increasing myo-cardial IR injury,another 84 mice were divided into negative sham group,negative IR group,nega-tive combined group,eNOS+IR group,eNOS combined group,iNOS small interfering RNA(si-iNOS)+IR group and si-iNOS combined group,with 12 in each group.The mice of the corre-sponding groups were injected with adeno-associated virus(AAV)overexpressing eNOS or knoc-king down iNOS via tail vein before OVX modeling.Myocardial infarct size,serum levels of lac-tate dehydrogenase(LDH)and creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),LVEF,LVFS,and expression levels of eNOS and iNOS in the myocardial tissues were measured.Results The com-bined group had significantly increased level of iNOS in myocardium,larger myocardial infarct size and elevated serum LDH and CK-MB levels,but decreased myocardial expression of eNOS and LVEF and LVFS values than the IR group(P＜0.05).When compared with the negative combined group,the myocardial infarct size and serum LDH and CK-MB levels were decreased[(23.51±3.22)％and(26.21±2.93)％vs(58.78±5.42)％,(176.31±15.48 and 169.52±17.12 vs 328.85±37.12 U/L,35.41±6.41 and 34.77±5.94 vs 88.73±9.14 U/L,P＜0.05],and the LVEF and LVFS values were increased[(41.31±3.12)％and(42.09±3.41)％vs(30.77± 2.15)％,(21.47±1.57)％and(21.32±1.42)％vs(15.92±1.33)％,P＜0.05]in the eNOS com-bined group and si-iNOS combined group.Conclusion The decrease of eNOS expression and in-crease of iNOS expression are related to the aggravation of myocardial IR injury in OVX rats.