Diabetic retinopathy(DR)remains the leading cause of vision loss in patients with diabetes. Current anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)therapies are limited by inadequate response in some patients and the necessity for repeated intravitreal injections, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutic targets. Angiopoietin-like protein 4(ANGPTL4), a multifunctional secreted protein, has emerged as a critical regulator in the pathogenesis and progression of DR, positioning it as a promising interventional target. This review systematically elaborates the biological characteristics of ANGPTL4, with a focus on its expression dynamics, molecular mechanisms, and regulatory networks rolesin the development of DR. Furthermore, the prospects of ANGPTL4-targeted therapeutic strategies are discussed, aiming to offer new insights and directions for understanding DR pathogenesis, advancing multi-target drug development, and improving clinical management.

Objective To investigate the impact of dietary protein intake on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adult residents, and to provide a reference for formulating diabetes prevention and control measures. Methods The research was based on cross-sectional survey data from the Nutrition and Health Follow-up Study of Chinese Residents in Chongqing (2021). Energy and nutrient intake was calculated in combination with the Chinese food composition table. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between dietary protein and diabetes, and then restricted cubic spline regression (RCS) was used to analyze the dose-response relationship between dietary protein intake and the development of diabetes. Results Among the 1 415 adult residents, dietary intake of total protein, animal protein, and plant protein was 69.69g/d, 26.26g/d, and 43.43g/d, respectively. The ratio of protein to energy supply was 14.31%, and the prevalence of diabetes was 18.02%. Comparing with the residents in the first percentile of total dietary protein intake, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios of those in the second and third percentile were 1.754 and 2.453 respectively. Comparing the residents in the third percentile with those in the first percentile, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios of diabetes were 1.592 for protein energy supply ratio, and 1.558 for animal protein intake. Conclusion High protein intake, high protein energy supply ratio and high animal protein intake may increase the risk of diabetes, and different types of protein may have different effects on diabetes.

Objective To understand the status quo of nutrition working ability in primary medical and health institutions of Chongqing City.Methods Three primary medical institutions were randomly extracted from each of 39 districts and counties of Chongqing City,and Primary Nutrition Service Capacity Survey Form and Nutrition Work Capacity Survey System were adopted to conduct the questionnaire survey.Then the sur-vey results were analyzed.Results A total of 117 primary medical institutions were surveyed,in which 86 in-stitutions(73.50％)undertook the nutritional work.The number of engaging the nutrition full-time work in the units was 0(0,0).Among the nutritional staff,the age in 164 persons was 30-＜40 years old,accounting for 48.38％,180 persons(53.10％)had the primary title,232 persons(68.44％)had the bachelor degree,287 persons(84.66％)had the medical related background,but only 2 persons had the nutritional related profes-sional background.There were 57(48.72％),75(64.10％),77(65.81％)primary medical institutions in carry-ing out the nutrition and health management of pregnant women,children aged 0-6 years old and elderly peo-ple,34 institutions(29.10％)in carrying out nutritional monitoring,and 17 institutions(14.50％)had the clinical nutrition work ability.Compared with the villages and towns,the proportion of urban area primary medical institutions in carrying out the blood routine items in children aged 0-6 years old,hemoglobin,blood routine and urine routine items in elderly people was higher,the number of published popular science works on nutrition was more,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The nutrition work system of primary medi-cal institutions in Chongqing City is temporarily imperfect,the specialized persons still lack and the nutritional health service level needs to be further strengthened.

Objective To determine the levels of arsenic in food in Chongqing city,and to assess the levels of dietary arsenic exposure and the associated potential health risks in residents of Chongqing city.Methods By using the monitoring data on arsenic levels in food in Chongqing between 2018 and 2023 in combination with the local dietary survey data for Chongqing from the 2018 China Nutrition and Health Survey Program,and adopting the 2-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation,we made an estimate of the dietary arsenic exposure levels of Chongqing residents.The margin of exposure(MOE)method was applied to assess both non-carcinogenic risks(skin damage)and carcinogenic risks(lung cancer and urinary system cancers)associated with dietary intake of arsenic.Results Out of 4900 food samples,the detection rate of arsenic was 36.40％,with the average levels ranging from the median bound(MB)of 0.020 7 to the upper bound(UB)of 0.023 4 mg/kg.The highest average levels were found in rice and its products,with an MB of 0.0981 and a UB of 0.098 5 mg/kg.The daily average exposure to inorganic arsenic for residents of different ages,sexes,and places of residence was highest in individuals aged 3 to 6,with an MB of 1.046 μg/(kg·d)and a UB of 1.116 μg/(kg·d),and lowest among individuals aged 60 and older.Arsenic exposure was higher in males than that in females and higher in people living in rural areas compared to those in urban areas.In terms of non-carcinogenic risks,the MOE values for inorganic arsenic were always higher than 1 in various populations.As for carcinogenic risks,the MOE values were all less than 100 in various populations.Rice and its products were the main source of dietary arsenic exposure in Chongqing,accounting for 69.97％to 74.37％of the total exposure.Conclusion The non-carcinogenic risk caused by dietary arsenic exposure in Chongqing is relatively low,but there may be a certain level of carcinogenic risk.Continued attentions should be given to dietary arsenic exposure levels in young children.

Neddylation is overactivated in lung cancer, which promotes the development of lung cancer by activating its downstream CRL ubiquitin ligase and promoting the CRL tumor-suppressor protein substrate degradation. MLN4924, a small molecule inhibitor of Neddylation, plays an anti-lung cancer role by inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and senescence. Furthermore, targeting the key enzymes of Neddylation and their substrates, Cullin family proteins, can inhibit the development of lung cancer.

Objective:To explore the application value of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in colorectal cancer patients.Methods:From January 2017 to December 2018, 60 patients with colorectal cancer who admitted to the Second People′s Hospital of Lianyungang were selected and divided into ERAS group and control group according to the random digital table method, with 30 patients in each group.The inflammation, nutritional indicators, immune indicators and clinical manifestations before and after surgery in the two groups were compared.Results:At 1 d and 3 d after surgery, the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the ERAS group were (70.2±10.3)mg/L, (82.5±8.2)mg/L, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group [(81.5±9.9)mg/L, (110.2±12.9)mg/L] ( t=4.324, 9.911, all P<0.05). On the third day after operation, the levels of albumin and prealbumin in the ERAS group were (31.6±4.8)g/L, (196.8±40.6)g/L, respectively, which were higher than those in the control group [(28.0±5.8)g/L, (172.1±38.8)g/L]( t=2.621, 2.409, all P<0.05). The immune parameters(IgA, IgM, IgG, CD 4+, CD 4+ /CD 8+) in the ERAS group were higher than those in the control group( t=2.132, 2.223, 6.063, 4.253, 2.828, all P<0.05). The number of cases with thirsty and hunger on the day of surgery in the ERAS group was 3 cases and 7 cases, respectively, which were less than 21 cases and 25 cases of the control group(χ 2=22.500, 21.696, all P<0.05). The first exhaust time, defecation time and hospital stay time in the ERAS group were (36.2±12.1)h, (63.4±13.4)h and (9.5±3.2)d, respectively, which were shorter than those in the control group [(54.7±13.8)h, (96.5±18.8)h and (12.1±4.0)d] ( t=5.513, 7.845, 2.761, all P<0.05). The incidence of complications between the two groups had no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). Conclusion:ERAS can significantly reduce the physical and psychological traumatic stress of patients with colorectal cancer, achieve rapid recovery, improve the treatment effect, shorten the length of hospital stay, reduce social and family burden, and provide a basis for the choice of clinical treatment program.

Objective: To compare the effects of laparoscope and open complete mesocolic excision (CME) in the treatment of right colon cancer. Methods: The retrospective case-control study was adopted.The clinical data of 139 patients with right colon cancer who underwent CME at the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang from January 2014 to November 2017 were collected.The patients were divided into laparoscopy group(55 cases) and open group(84 cases). The postoperative recovery and oncology efficacy were compared. Results: The operation time in the laparoscopy group[(172.8±25.9)min]was longer than that in the open group[(142.3±20.6)min](t=7.387, P<0.05), but the blood loss of the laparoscopy group[(111.6±36.7)mL] was less than that in the open group[(150.1±61.1)mL](t=4.017, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in numbers of lymph nodes harvested.Compared with open group, there were advantages in the laparoscopy group such as less anal exhaust time, less postoperative eating liquid diet time and shorter hospitalization time, the differences were statistically significant (t=4.695, 5.517, 4.642, all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative complication rate (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the cumulative recurrence rate, cumulative survival rate and cumulative survival rate between the two groups after 3 years (all P>0.05). Conclusion Laparoscopic CME is minimally invasive and quick recovery, and laparoscopic CME has the same oncologic clearance effects, and is worthy of clinical application.

Objective: To explore the application effect of preoperative administration of immunomodulating enteral nutrition for gastric cancer. Methods: From January 2016 to December 2017, 90 cases with gastric cancer in the Second People′s Hospital of Lianyungang were selected and randomly divided into observation group, control group A and control group B, with 30 cases in each group.The observation group was given enteral nutrition emulsion(TPFT, Ruineng) before and after operation, the control group A was given Ruineng before operation and the enteral nutrition emulsion(TP, Ruisu) after operation, the control group B was given Ruisu before operation and Ruineng after operation.The recovery, serum markers of nutritional status and immune function were evaluated and compared, and the postoperative situations were observed. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the total protein, albumin, prealbumin and transferrin among the three groups during admission, 1 day before operation and 5 days after operation(all P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in immune indicators among the three groups during admission and 1 day before operation(all P>0.05). At 5 days after operation, IgA, IgM, IgG, CD₄⁺ and CD4/CD8 in the observation group were (2.9±0.6)g/L, (1.4±0.4)g/L, (12.4±0.9)g/L, (37.4±5.1)%, (2.2±0.7), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group A[(2.3±0.8)g/L, (1.1±0.6)g/L, (10.8±0.8)g/L, (34.2±4.8)%, (1.7±0.8), respectively, t=3.324, 2.250, 7.100, 2.506, 2.660, all P<0.05], the IgA and CD4/CD8 in the observation group were higher than those in the control group B[(2.6±0.8)g/L, (1.9±0.7), t=2.021, 2.127, all P<0.05]. The postoperative exhaust time of the observation group, control group A and control group B were (56.4±7.8)h, (78.6±10.4)h, (60.7±10.6)h, respectively, and the postoperative exhaust time of the observation group was significantly shorter than that of the control group A(t=9.323, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the gastrointestinal symptoms and postoperative complications among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion In perioperative period, immunomodulating enteral nutrition has little effect on the nutritional indicators of patients with gastric cancer and the incidence of postoperative complications, but it can improve the immune function.

Objective To construct recombinant MVA vaccine encoding codon-optimized HIV-1 CRF01_AE gp145 gene and evaluate its immunogenicity in mice.Methods The intracellular region of codon-modified HIV-1 CRF01_AE consensus env gene obtained in our preliminary study was removed to get gp145 gene.The modified gp145 gene was cloned into shuttle plasmid pSC11.BHK-21 cells infected with wild-type MVA in advance were transfected with the recombinant shuttle plasmid.Then the recombinant MVA vaccine expressing gp145 rMVA-AEgp145 was obtained by homologous recombination.After expression of Gp145 was confirmed by WB assay,BALB/c mice were immunized with the recombinant MVA vaccine and the cellular immune responses were evaluated.Results Recombinant MVA vaccine expressed Gp145 protein efficiently and induced high level of cellular immune responses in immunized BALB/c mice.Conclusion The recombinant MVA vaccine encoding HIV-1 CRF01_AE gp145 gene was constructed successfully.This vaccine could induce strong env-specific CTL responses in mice.

BACKGROUND:Increasing autologous stem cellmobilization is conceived to achieve effectively repair of cardiac ischemic injury. Therefore, it is important to seek a specific and effective mobilization agent. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellmobilization in myocardial infarction. METHODS:Left anterior descending artery was ligated to establish a rat model of acute myocardial infarction in 90 outbreeding Sprague-Dawley rats, and then the models were randomly divided into three groups. In HIF-1α-antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) group, HIF-1α-ASODN was infused into the tail vein to restrain the expression of HIF-1αin infarcted ischemic tissue. In HIF-1α-missense oligonucleotide (MSODN) group or control group, an equal volume of HIF-1α-MSODN or saline was injected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 30 hours and 7 days of modeling, the number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the peripheral blood of the control group were similar to the HIF-1α-MSODN group, but significantly higher than the HIF-1α-ASODN group. After 7 days of modeling, the expressions of HIF-1αprotein, vascular endothelial growth factor protein and mRNA in the ischemic myocardial tissues of the control group were similar to the HIF-1α-MSODN group, but significantly higher than the HIF-1α-ASODN group. After 7, 14 and 28 days of modeling, the capil ary density in the ischemic myocardial tissues of the control group was similar to the HIF-1α-MSODN group, but significantly higher than the HIF-1α-ASODN group. These findings indicate that after acute myocardial infarction, high expression of HIF-1αexhibits a causal relationship with mobilization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, initiating a series of self-healing process of myocardial tissues.