Objective:To investigate the clinical value of transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) in patients with unexplained liver disease complicated with massive ascites or coagulopathy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed from patients underwent TJLB in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Shangqiu First People's Hospital and Jincheng People's Hospital from March 2015 to January 2022 due to unexplained liver disease complicated with massive ascites or coagulopathy. A total of 37 patients were included, including 21 males and 16 females, aged (53.5±11.9) years. According to different puncture points, the patients were divided into two groups: transhepatic right vein TJBL and transhepatic middle vein TJBL. The obtained liver tissue sampling effect, puncture times, complications were analyzed.Results:The success rate of TJLB was 97.3%(36/37). Thirty-six patients were able to obtain more than three segments of liver tissue and obtain histological diagnosis, and the pathological diagnosis rate was 100.0%(36/36). The number of puncture times, the amount of hepatic tissue and the number of portal areas in the right hepatic vein group (21 cases) were (3.7±0.9), (3.7±0.7) and (6.5±0.9) respectively, and those in the middle hepatic vein group (15 cases) were (3.7±0.7), (3.7±0.7) and (6.3±0.8) respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:TJLB is safe and feasible for patients with unexplained liver disease complicated with massive peritoneal effusion and coagulopathy. Good liver tissue specimens can be obtained by TJLB from both right hepatic vein and middle hepatic vein.

Difference of chronotypes makes influence to cognitive performance of individuals in routine duties. In this paper, 55 subjects with different chronotypes were subjected to continuous sleep deprivation for 30 h by using the constant routine protocol, during which core body temperature was measured continuously, and subjective sleepiness self-rating and the performance of selective attention were measured hourly. The results showed that the phase difference of core body temperature has no significant difference, yet the amplitude and term difference among the three chronotypes are significant. There was an advance in phase between subjective sleepiness self-rating and core body temperature, and the self-rating sleepiness of evening type came the latest, and the self-rating sleepiness of morning type dissipated the fastest. The response time of selective attention showed a 2 h phase delay with subjective sleepiness self-rating. And the analysis of core body temperature showed that the later the chronotype was, the greater the phase delay was. The correct rate of selective attention of different chronotypes were inconsistent with delay of subjective sleepiness self-rating and core body temperature. We provide reference for industry, aviation, military, medical and other fields to make a more scientific scheduling/ shifting based on cognitive performance characteristics of different chronotypes.
Attention/physiology* ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology* ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Sleep/physiology* ; Sleep Deprivation ; Sleepiness

Objective:To examine the correlation factors of contralateral central lymph node metastasis in unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma with lateral cervical lymph node metastasis.Methods:The clinical data of patients with unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent total thyroidectomy and bilateral central lymph node dissection and ipsilateral cervical lymph node dissection from June 2016 to June 2018 at Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 317 patients, including 87 males and 230 females, aged (41.4±12.1) years (range: 16 to 75 years), were enrolled in this study. The risk factors of contralateral central lymph node metastasis were analyzed by χ 2 test and Spearman correlation analysis. Results:There were 116, 69, 269, and 181 cases of pretracheal lymph node, prelaryngeal lymph node, ipsilateral central lymph node and contralateral central lymph node metastasis, respectively, and 16 cases of skipping metastasis. Univariate analysis showed that contralateral central lymph node metastasis was associated with gender, maximum tumor diameter, capsule invasion, pretracheal lymph node metastasis, prelaryngeal lymph node metastasis, and ipsilateral central lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that male ( r s=0.162, P=0.004), maximum tumor diameter>10 mm ( r s=0.184, P=0.001), capsule invasion ( r s=0.135, P=0.016), pretracheal lymph node metastasis ( r s=0.394, P<0.01), prelaryngeal lymph node metastasis ( r s=0.272, P<0.01) and ipsilateral central lymph node metastasis ( r s=0.203, P<0.01) were independent correlation factors for contralateral central lymph node metastasis. Conclusion:For patients with unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma with ipsilateral cervical lymph node metastasis, bilateral central lymph node dissection should be considered if male, tumor diameter>10 mm, capsule invasion, pretracheal lymph node metastasis, prelaryngeal lymph node metastasis, or ipsilateral central lymph node metastasis.

Objective:To examine the correlation factors of contralateral central lymph node metastasis in unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma with lateral cervical lymph node metastasis.Methods:The clinical data of patients with unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent total thyroidectomy and bilateral central lymph node dissection and ipsilateral cervical lymph node dissection from June 2016 to June 2018 at Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 317 patients, including 87 males and 230 females, aged (41.4±12.1) years (range: 16 to 75 years), were enrolled in this study. The risk factors of contralateral central lymph node metastasis were analyzed by χ 2 test and Spearman correlation analysis. Results:There were 116, 69, 269, and 181 cases of pretracheal lymph node, prelaryngeal lymph node, ipsilateral central lymph node and contralateral central lymph node metastasis, respectively, and 16 cases of skipping metastasis. Univariate analysis showed that contralateral central lymph node metastasis was associated with gender, maximum tumor diameter, capsule invasion, pretracheal lymph node metastasis, prelaryngeal lymph node metastasis, and ipsilateral central lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that male ( r s=0.162, P=0.004), maximum tumor diameter>10 mm ( r s=0.184, P=0.001), capsule invasion ( r s=0.135, P=0.016), pretracheal lymph node metastasis ( r s=0.394, P<0.01), prelaryngeal lymph node metastasis ( r s=0.272, P<0.01) and ipsilateral central lymph node metastasis ( r s=0.203, P<0.01) were independent correlation factors for contralateral central lymph node metastasis. Conclusion:For patients with unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma with ipsilateral cervical lymph node metastasis, bilateral central lymph node dissection should be considered if male, tumor diameter>10 mm, capsule invasion, pretracheal lymph node metastasis, prelaryngeal lymph node metastasis, or ipsilateral central lymph node metastasis.

Postpartum depression is a kind of mental disorder caused by the comprehensive effects of economics, psychosociology, biology, obstetrics and other characteristic factors in the process of female pregnancy. The pathogenesis of postpartum depression is complicated and has not been clarified. With the process pregnancy, the influence of psychosocial and biology factors are also in dynamic change. The postpartum depression predictor among psychosocial factors are antenatal depression, life events and social supports. Among biological factors, the predictors are hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and serum lipids. Timely and effective prediction can identify the high-risk population and risk factors for postpartum depression.
Depression ; Depression, Postpartum ; Female ; Humans ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To examine the psychometric features of the body image after breast cancer questionnaire-Chinese version (BIBCQ-C) in Chinese women with breast cancer. METHODS: A total of 545 women with breast cancer received a demographics investigation: BIBCQ-C and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD). Four weeks later, 31 patients were selected randomly to finish BIBCQ-C again. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.90, and that for the 6 factors ranged from 0.62 to 0.87. The mean inter-item correlation coefficient of the total scale was 0.16, and the mean inter-item correlation coefficient of the subscales ranged from 0.21 to 0.57, and the test-retest reliability of the total scale and 6 factors was over 0.60. The confirmatory factor analyses supported the 6-factor model, and BIBCQ-C were significantly correlated with the symptom scales of anxiety and depression (r=0.20, 0.21, P<0.01). CONCLUSION BIBCQ-C is reliable and valid, which can effectively assess body image of Chinese women with breast cancer.
Anxiety ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Image ; Breast Neoplasms ; psychology ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To prepare poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres that contain recombinant epidermal growth factor and then evaluate the effect of these sustained release in vitro.Methods Human serum albumin (HAS) microspheres were prepared with a double-emulsification solvent evaporation method.Experiment was designed to optimize the preparation condition of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF)-loaded microspheres.Characters of optimal rhEGF-loaded microspheres were analyzed.In-vitro dissolution tests were performed on the microsperes.Results The speed of first emulsification,the concentration of PLGA,the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA),and the ratio of inner water to organic phase affected the particle size and the encapsulation ratio.The polymer's individual specificities especially density,molecular weight,polymerization,the diameter of microsphere,and the encapsulation efficiency were the crucial factors to influence the speed and time of drug release from microspheres in vitro.The optimal microspheres possessed a smooth and round appearance.It also showed good lente liberantes effect in vitro.Conclusions The optimal microspheres possessed a smooth and round stable appearance and showed good lente liberantes effect in vitro.This technique was simple and had a good reproducibility.

In the canonical version of evolution by gene duplication,one copy is kept unaltered while the other is free to evolve.This process of evolutionary experimentation can persist for millions of years.Since it is so short lived in comparison to the lifetime of the core genes that make up the majority of most genomes,a substantial fraction of the genome and the transcriptome may-in principle-be attributable to what we will refer to as "evolutionarytransients",referring here to both the process and the genes that have gone or are undergoing this process.Using the rice gene set as a test case,we argue that this phenomenon goes a long way towards explaining why there are so many more rice genes than Arabidopsis genes,and why most excess rice genes show low similarity to eudicots.

The new techniques of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and segmentation, display and analysis of series slices of images including microscopic wide field optical sectioning by deconvolution method and Cryoelectron microscope slices by electron tomography (ET) and series of computed tomography (CT) were investigated. As a result, this paper presents the 3D reconstruction segmentation display, and analysis results of pollen spore, chaperonin, head, cervical vertabra, tibia and carpale. Mean while, this paper also proposes the application of these new techniques in biomedical field.
Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; methods ; Tomography ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Xiaohuoluo pill can expel pathogenic wind, remove dampness and activate collaterals. It is used for treatment of Bi-syndrome due to wind-cold-dampness, pain and numbness in limbs.OBJECTIVE: To observe the pharmacological effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on secondary immune response, specific immunity (including cellular immunity and humoral immunity), non-specific immunity [including complement 3(C3), mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) and red blood cell (RBC)adhesion function] and free radical injury as well as pain and many other inflammations in mice.DESIGN: A randomized controlled stratified trial.SETTING: Guangzhou Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: Totally 628 NIH and ICR mice of 6 to 8 weeks were involved in this trial. Xiaohuoluo pills (components: Dannanxing, Zhichuanwu, Zhicaowu, Dilong, Ruxiang and so on; Chenli Pharmaceutical Factory,Guangzhou; Brach No. 19980612) were used in this trial. Rabbit antimouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C3 antiserum reagent kit (Guangzhou Institute of Medicine and Health) and reagent kit for measuring the antioxidizing activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (Jiancheng Institute of Bioengineering, Nanjing) were used.METHODS: This trial was carried out in the Guangzhou Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Institute of Medicine and Health during September 1998 to December 1999. ① To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on cock red blood cell (CRBC)-induced secondary immune response: Eight-four ICR mice, male and female in half, were selected.Twenty of 84 mice served as blank controls; The other 64 mice were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophos-phamide (CY) of 0.2 g/kgonce. On the 4th and 12th days, CRBC was intraperitoneally injected into the mice twice to induce immunoenhancing pathological models to form secondary immune response. Mice served as blank controls were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline; The immunoenhanced mice were assigned into 3 groups by a lot: CY group (n=20, CY, 40 mg/kg, intragastric administration, I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills (n=21, Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.) and model group (n=20, distilled water, the same volume as other groups, I.g.); once a day within 7 successive days. 19 days later, the levels of serum IgG and C3 were measured with single immunodiffusion method, and the level of circulating immune compound (CIC) was measured with polyethylene glycol precipitation method. ② To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH): Fifty-four ICR mice, male and female in half, were selected. On the 1st day, the mice were sensitized by subcutaneous injection of 10 g/L 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzen e (DNFB) of 50 μL for each. On the 4th day, the sensitized mice were assigned into 3 groups by a lot: Prednisone group (n=18, prednisone, 0.01 g/kg, I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills (n=18, Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.), model group (n=18, distilled water, the same volume as other groups, I.g.), all once a day within 7 successive days. 11 days later, 10 g/L DNFB of 25μL was spread on the right ear of each mouse in each group. The swelling degree was calculated 24 hours later (The mass difference between right ear and left ear). ③ To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on immune adhesion function of RBC of mouse: Thirty-six NIH mice, male and female in half, were selected and assigned into 3 groups by a lot: CY group (n=12, CY, 20 mg/kg,I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills (n=12, Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.)and blank control group (n=12, distilled water, the same volume as other groups, I.g.), once a day within 7 successive days. 7 days later, blood was taken from the orbit of mice for calculating the rosette rate of RBC-C3b receptor and the rosette rate of RBC immune compound. ④ To observe the suppressive effect o20 Mg/kg, I.g.),Xiaohuoluo pills group (Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.) , once a day within 7 successive days; IgM-type hemolytic concentration (HC50)was measured at 2 hours after the last administration on the 7th day [ (Sample absorption / Absorption at HC50 of CRBC) ×diluted time]. The levels of serum C3 and MDA and the activity of SOD were measured according to the method from corresponding reagent kit. ⑥ To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on agar granulation tissue hyperplasia in mice:Fifty-nine NIH mice were selected and given subcutaneous injection of 20 g/L agar of 0.5 mL for each. 24 hours later, the mice were assigned into 3 groups by a lot: diclofenac group (diclofenac, 10 mg/kg,I.g..), Xiaohuoluo pills group (Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.) and model group (distilled water, the same volume as other groups, I.g.), once a day within 7 successive days; On the 8th day, the mice were sacrificed. The hyperplasiainhibiting effect was presented in the form of the mass of agar granulation tissue in one kilogram body mass ⑦ To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on acetic distortion reaction: Sixty-three NIH mice were se lected and assigned into 3 groups by a lot: diclofenac group (diclofenac,50 mg/kg, I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills group (Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg,I.g.) and model group (distilled water, the same volume of other groups, I.g.),once a day within 2 successive days. At 2 hours after the last administration, the mice were given intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mol/L acetic acid of 0.2 mL for each one. The times of distortion of mice within 20 minutes were counted. ⑧ To observe the effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on the acute exudative inflammation evoked by dimethylbenzene, croton oil and carrageenan, and the level of prostaglandin E in the inflammatory exudates:Totally 219 NIH mice were selected and assigned into 3 groups by a lot:diclofenac group (diclofenac, 50 mg/kg, I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills group (Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.) and model group (distilled water, the same volume of other groups, I.g.) once a day within 2 successive days. At 2 hours after the last administration, dimethylbenzene of 25 μL was spread on the right ear for 20 minutes, or croton oil of 25 μL was also spread on the right ear, 4 hours later, the swelling of right ear was calculated (mass of right ear-mass of left ear). 10 g/L carrageenan of 20 μL was subcutaneously injected into the right foot, 3 hours later, the swelling degree was calculated (The difference of right foot and left foot); and the level of prostaglandin E in the inflammatory exudates was measured. ⑨ t test(t' test for heteroscedasticity) was used for comparing the difference in measurement data among groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pharmacological effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on secondary immune response, specific immunity, non-specific immunity and free radical injury as well as pain and many other inflammations in mice.RESULTS: Totally 628 NIH and ICR mice were involved in result analysis. ① The level of IgG and CIC of mice in the model group was significantly higher than that in the other 3 groups respectively (P ＜ 0.01),while the level of C3 was significantly lower than that in the other 3 groups (P ＜ 0.05 to 0.01). ② The swelling degree of mice in the diclofenac group and Xiaohuoluo pills group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group respectively ( both P ＜ 0.01). ③ The rosette rate of RBC-C3b receptor and RBC immune compound in the blank control group was significantly higher than that in the other 2 gro ups respectively (P ＜ 0.01). ④ The phagocytic index (K value )in the diclofenac group and Xiaohuoluo pills group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group, respectively (both P ＜ 0.01).⑤ IgM-type HC50 and the level of serum MDA of CY group and Xiaohuoluo pills group were obviously lower than those in the immune control group (P ＜ 0.01),while the level of C3 was higher than that of immune control group, there was no significant difference in the activity of serum SOD between CY group or Xiaohuoluo pills group and immune control group (P ＞ 0.05). ⑥The ratio of agar granulation tissue mass to body mass in the diclofenac group or Xiaohuoluo pills group was significantly lower than that in the model group(P ＜ 0.01).⑦ The times of distortion of mice within 20 minutes in the diclofenac group or Xiaohuoluo pills group were signifi cantly less than those of model group(P ＜ 0.01,0.05).⑧The ear swelling degree of dimethylbenzene-induced inflammatory models and croton oil-induced inflammatory models,and foot swelling degree of carrageenan-induced acute inflammatory models as well as the level of prostaglandin E in the inflammatory exudates in the diclofenac group were significantly milder or lower than those in the model group(P ＜ 0.05 to 0.01),and the level of prostaglandin E in the inflammatory exudates in the Xiaohuoluo pills group was significantly lower than that in the model group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Xiaohuoluo pills possess pharmacological effects of immunosuppression, anti-proliferative inflammation, analgesia and antioxidation.