Objective:To investigate the interaction of platelet factor 4(PF4)with tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in the pathoge-nesis of chronic periodontitis(Ⅲ-C).Methods:22 patients with chronic periodontitis(Ⅲ-C)and 22 subjects with periodontal health were recruited.Before and after periodontal treatment,the concentration of PF4 and TNF-α in gingival crevicular fluid(GCF)and ser-um,the amount of PF4 released by platelets after lipopolysaccharide(LPS)stimulated peripheral blood platelets were measured by ELISA.Flow cytometry was used to calculate the number of platelets in GCF before and after treatment.Results:The concentrations of PF4 and TNF-α in the GCF and serum of the patients were higher than those in the periodontal healthy group(P＜0.05).After treat-ment,the concentrations of PF4 and TNF-α in the GCF were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the con-centrations of PF4 and TNF-α in the serum were unchanged(P＞0.05).After LPS stimulation of the platelets in blood before and after treatment,the concentration of PF4 released by the platelets was much higher in the patients than that in the healthy controls(P＜0.01),and the concentration was significantly lower after periodontal treatment than before treatment(P＜0.01).The number of CD41/CD61 double positive platelets and CD45 negative cells in GCF before periodontal treatment were 85 times and 87 times higher than those in periodontal healthy subjects,respectively(P＜0.01).Conclusion:PF4 and TNF-α have synergistic effect in the patho-genesis of chronic periodontitis.

Objective:To understand the prevalence of arboviruses in mosquito samples in Xichang City, Sichuan Province, and enrich the data of arbovirus activity and genetic characteristics in southwestern Sichuan Province.Methods:In June 2018, the nucleic acid was extracted from Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes collected from different pigsties in three villages and suburbs of Xichang City. The specific primers of Yunnan orbivirus, Banna virus, Tibet orbivirus (S7, S10), Flavivirus and alphavirus were used for quantitative polymerase chain reaction examination, and the positive product was cloned for sequencing analysis. Results:A total of 9 012 mosquitoes were collected, of which Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was the dominant species. A number of 88 batches of these mosquitoes were amplified, and 2 strains of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), 7 strains of Banna virus (BAV), 7 strains of Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV) and 1 strain of Yunnan orbivirus virus (YOUV) were detected, respectively. By the results of cluster analysis and evolutionary tree analysis, the 17 newly found virus strains were close to the Yunnan isolates, and 2 JEV strains were located in the GI-b clade. The other 7 strains of BAV were A2 evolutionary clades. Of the 7 TIBOV plants, 6 were located in the same clade. One TOUV was in the same clade as the Yunnan strain. Conclusions:Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes in Xichang city might carry JEV, BAV, YOUV and TIBOV, among them JEV was GI-b type and BAV was A2 type. The results provide data supporting the detection and analysis of arboviruses in Xichang city.

Objective    To explore the safety and effectiveness of different interventional approaches for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in children. Methods    The children (≤7 years) who underwent interventional treatment for PDA from 2019 to 2020 in our hospital were retrospectively included. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the procedures: a conventional arteriovenous approach group, a simple venous approach group, and a retrograde femoral artery approach group. The clinical efficacy of the patients was compared. Results     A total of 220 patients were included. There were 78 males and 142 females, with an average age of 3.21±1.73 years, weight of 14.99±5.35 kg, and height of 96.19±15.77 cm. The average diameter of the PDA was 3.35±1.34 mm. A total of 85 patients received a conventional arteriovenous approach, 104 patients received a simple venous approach, and 31 patients received a retrograde femoral artery approach. The diameter of PDA in the retrograde femoral artery group was smaller than that in the other two groups (3.44±1.43 mm vs. 1.99±0.55 mm; 3.69±1.17 mm vs. 1.99±0.55 mm, P<0.001); the contrast medium usage [40 (30, 50) mL vs. 20 (20, 30) mL; 35 (25, 50) mL vs. 20 (20, 30) mL, P≤0.001] and operation time [32 (26, 44) min vs. 25 (23, 30) min; 29 (25, 38) min vs. 25 (23, 30) min, P<0.05] in the simple venous approach group were significantly less or shorter than those in the other two groups; the length of hospital stay of the conventional arteriovenous group was longer than that in the other two groups [3 (3, 5) d vs. 4 (3, 6) d; 4 (3, 5) d vs. 4 (3, 6) d, P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in postoperative complications. Conclusion    It is safe and effective to close PDA through simple venous approach. The retrograde femoral artery approach has the advantage of simplifying the surgical procedure for PDA with small diameters.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of three-dimensional CT axial sequence assisted volumetric measurement (CTAS) in evaluating atrial septal defect (ASD).Methods:The patients with single secundum ASD who successfully underwent interventional therapy in Fuwai Hospital from January 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively collected. The patients underwent coronary CT angiography (CTA) before and on the second day after closures, and DSA examinations during operation. A total of 52 cases met the inclusion conditions, among them, there were 37 patients with large defects which had deficient inferior rims ≤3 mm, and 15 patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension that occluded with fenestrated ASD occluder. The CT data of patients before and after operation were reconstructed by CTAS. Then the anatomical structure of ASD before the operation was evaluated, including the long diameter and short diameter of ASD, and the CT three-dimensional volume diameter of ASD was calculated by using the equivalent circle conversion formula of ellipse. The waist diameter of occluder and rims of the ASD were measured after occlusion on postoperative CT three-dimensional volume reconstruction images. Meanwhile, the deployed occluder waist dimension was measured in DSA examination during the operation by simulating the balloon measurement of ASD. Lastly, paired t-test and consistency analysis were carried out among the values of parameters. Results:Before operation, the equivalent circle diameter of ASD was (32.3±5.4) mm measured by CTAS. After ASD occlusion, the size of the waist dimension measured by DSA and CTAS were (32.5±4.9) mm and (32.6±4.9) mm. There were no significant differences between them ( P>0.05). There were also no significant differences for each rims of the ASD pre and post operation on CTAS except for the inferior rims and the total length of atrial septum in superior-inferior direction ( P>0.05). Conclusion:As an alternative to balloon sizing, CTAS can be used as a reference standard to conduct ASD interventional treatment.

Microneedle percutaneous immunization is achieved by puncturing the stratum corneum of the skin with microneedles so that the vaccine is efficiently recognized by antigen-presenting cells to induce a specific immune response. Due to the advantages of efficient induction of immune response, low pain and easy storage, transdermal immunization by microneedles has been widely used for immunization of various vaccines in recent years. This review summarizes the materials of microneedles, application for transcutaneous immunization, as well as the challenges that need to be addressed.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Needles ; Vaccination ; Vaccines

Objective: To explore the relationship between pubertal knowledge-attitude-practice(KAP) and quality of life (QoL) of left-behind children in adolescence, and to provide a scientific reference for making measures to improve QoL of left-behind children. Methods: In December 2017, 3 524 left-behind children from 5 primary schools and 5 middle schools in Chongqing were selected by stratified cluster sampling method carry out the Quality of Life Scale of adolescent children and the Questionnaire of Adolescent Knowledge and Belief. Results: The scores of total QoL, physicaland social dimensions of left-behind children[(140.81±17.19)(30.05±5.07)(50.99±8.32)points, respectively]were lower than those of non-left-behind children[(141.81±17.53)(30.35±5.06)(51.73±8.44)point, respectively](P<0.05). Gender, School period, puberty timing, family rearing pattern and economic status had significant influence on the QoL of left-behind children (P<0.05). The adolescent attitude and behavior had a positive effect on total QoL and the scores of physical, psychological, social and adolescent dimensions of left-behind children(B=0.62, 0.08, 0.11, 0.30, 0.13；0.77, 0.11, 0.20, 0.26, 0.19, P<0.01); and knowledge had a positive effect on the adolescence of QoL(B=0.04, P<0.01). Conclusion The adolescent attitude, behavior and quality of life of left-behind children were positively correlated. Strengthening adolescent health education for left-behind children, focusing on conveying correct adolescent attitude to students, and promoting the transformation of correct attitude to positive practice, can improve the QoL of adolescent left-behind children.

Objective: To understand the health literacy level and its influencing factors among middle school students in Chongqing, and to provide a basis for health promotion. Methods: Using stratified cluster random sampling and a self-designed questionnaire, we conducted a survey among 8 449 junior and senior high school students from four districts and counties in Chongqing municipality from November to December 2019. Results: The attainment rates of total health literacy, functional health literacy, interactive health literacy, and critical health literacy among middle school students in Chongqing were 67.96%, 75.12%, 50.24%, and 72.21%, respectively. Among the 12 factors, low rates were observed in health decision-making, reasonable nutrition, and communication (41.52%, 46.09% and 62.18%, respectively). After controlling for related confounding factors, the results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that the following factors affected the total health literacy of middle school students: the investigated region (OR=1.20); school segment (OR=1.35); relationship with mother (OR=1.52); relationship with teacher (OR=2.20); number of close friends (OR=1.68); and health education course (OR=1.52) (P<0.05). Conclusion The health literacy level of middle school students in Chongqing is relatively low. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on improving interactive health literacy in order to promote the healthy development of middle school students.

Objective: To determine the relationship between peer attachment and quality of life among adolescents in Chongqing, to provide scientific basis for intervention of quality of life. Methods: A total of 6 073 respondents were selected from 5 middle schools and 6 primary schools in a district of Chongqing in December 2017 by stratified cluster sampling method. The revised Chinese version of Adolescent Attachment Questionnaire (IPPA-R) Peer Attachment Subscale and Adolescent Children s Quality of Life Scale were used to conduct the survey. Results: The total score of life quality of students with secure attachment type (144.97±17.39) was significantly higher than that of students with insecure attachment type(136.45±17.75)(t=18.90，P<0.01). The scores of four dimensions of life quality of students with secure attachment[(30.40±5.11)(39.42±6.42)(53.45±7.99)(21.73±3.69)] were significantly higher than those of students with insecure attachment[(29.54±5.15)(37.87±6.66)(49.02±8.69)(20.02±3.60)](P<0.05). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that peer attachment was correlated with physical, psychological, social, adolescent dimensions and the total score of life quality(B=0.28，0.03，0.05，0.14，0.05，P<0.05). Conclusion Adolescent peer attachment is positively correlated with the total score and specific dimensions of life quality. Improving the safety of peer attachment is helpful to improve life quality among adolescents.

Objective: To analyze the effect of the peer education intervention model on improving adolescent knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among primary and secondary school students, so as to provide a basis for exploring adolescent based health education methods. Methods: A group of students from grades 4-5 and 7-8 were selected from two primary schools and two middle schools in a district of Chongqing. The sample was divided into an intervention group (n=685) and a control group (n=821), and the intervention group received peer education for one year. Basic information related to the pre and post intervention, and data regarding knowledge, attitudes, and behavior were investigated using a basic situation questionnaire and an adolescent knowledge attitudes behavior questionnaire that were designed by the research group. Results: The results obtained after the intervention showed that the scores of adolescent knowledge attitudes behavior and the total scores of the intervention group increased from (10.00±6.39) (39.19±5.79) (28.69±4.24) and (77.89±12.66) to (15.65±5.87) (42.06±5.95) (29.95±4.05) and (87.66±12.93), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). After the intervention, increasing of adolescent knowledge attitudes behavior and the total scores of the intervention group were (5.64±5.61) (2.87±6.72) (1.26±4.55) (9.77±11.91), respectively, which were higher than those of the control group [(4.42±5.15) (2.08±5.84) (0.86±4.24) (7.36±10.70)]. Except for adolescent behavior, increasing of other scores were statistically significant (t=-4.39,-2.40,-1.73,-4.09,P<0.05). Conclusion Peer education shows certain effects on improving adolescent knowledge and positive attitudes, although similar effect on adolescent behavior needs further study.

Objective: To explore the short and mid-term efficacy of device closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) for treating the patients with PFO combining cryptogenic stroke (CS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods: A total of 56 PFO patients with CS and TIA receiving device closure in our hospital from 2009-05 to 2015-12 were retrospectively studied. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), electrocardiogram (ECG), chest X-ray were examined at 24h, 1 month, 3 and 6 months after theoperation; telephone visit was conducted every 6 months thereafter. Results: There were 54/56 PFO patients combining CS and 2 combining TIA; 53 (94.6%)patients received PFO occluder from Starway medical technology. Aspirin was used for 6 months after the operation. The patients were followed-up for the average of (34.67±23.24) months. No body suffered from post-operative stroke and TIA; no residual shunt was observed. Conclusion: The short and mid-term efficacy of device closure has been satisfactory for treating the patients with PFO combining CS and TIA; its overall clinical value should be further investigated in large population and long-term study.