Objective:To explore the influencing factors of the use of intravenous therapy specialist nurses and construct a theoretical framework, so as to provide reference for developing intervention measures and improving the use of intravenous therapy specialist nurses.Methods:The grounded theory research method was used. From July to August 2024, 17 intravenous therapy managers/specialist nurses from six ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Beijing City and Hebei Province were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling for semi-structured interviews. NVivo 12.0 was used for data analysis, including open, axial, and selective coding.Results:A total of 79 initial concepts were extracted and summarized into 25 domains, which were consolidated into five main domains, including organizational management and support, personal characteristics and professional identity, team collaboration and communication, work performance and incentive mechanisms, and external environment and opportunities. On this basis, a theoretical framework for factors influencing the use of intravenous therapy specialist nurses was constructed.Conclusions:This study constructs a theoretical framework for factors influencing the use of intravenous therapy specialist nurses. Managers can leverage this theoretical framework to develop targeted intervention strategies that enhance the effectiveness of intravenous therapy specialist nurses and optimize the allocation of nursing human resources.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of the use of intravenous therapy specialist nurses and construct a theoretical framework, so as to provide reference for developing intervention measures and improving the use of intravenous therapy specialist nurses.Methods:The grounded theory research method was used. From July to August 2024, 17 intravenous therapy managers/specialist nurses from six ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Beijing City and Hebei Province were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling for semi-structured interviews. NVivo 12.0 was used for data analysis, including open, axial, and selective coding.Results:A total of 79 initial concepts were extracted and summarized into 25 domains, which were consolidated into five main domains, including organizational management and support, personal characteristics and professional identity, team collaboration and communication, work performance and incentive mechanisms, and external environment and opportunities. On this basis, a theoretical framework for factors influencing the use of intravenous therapy specialist nurses was constructed.Conclusions:This study constructs a theoretical framework for factors influencing the use of intravenous therapy specialist nurses. Managers can leverage this theoretical framework to develop targeted intervention strategies that enhance the effectiveness of intravenous therapy specialist nurses and optimize the allocation of nursing human resources.

Objective:To observe the effect of high expression of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated splicing factor (PSF) on low concentration of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs), and explore the possible mechanism.Methods:The HRMECs cultured in vitro were divided into 4-HNE treated group, PSF overexpression group combined with 4-HNE group (PSF+4-HNE group), PSF overexpression+ML385 treatment combined with 4-HNE group (PSF+ML385+4-HNE group), and 4-HNE induced PSF overexpression group with LY294002 pretreatment (LY294002+4-HNE+PSF group). Cell culture medium containing 10 μmmol/L 4-HNE was added into 4-HNE treatment group, PSF+4-HNE group, PSF+ML385+4-HNE group for 12 hours to stimulate oxidative stress. 1.0 μg of pcDNA-PSF eukaryotic expression plasmid were transfected into PSF+4-HNE group and PSF+ML385+4-HNE group to achieve the overexpression of PSF. Also cells were pretreated with ML385 (5 μmol/L) for 48 hours in the PSF+ML385+4-HNE group, meanwhile within the LY294002+4-HNE+PSF group, after pretreatment with LY294002, cells were treated with plasmid transfection and 4-HNE induction. Transwell detects the migration ability of PSF to HRMECs. The effect of PSF on the lumen formation of HRMECs was detected by using Matrigel in vitro three-dimensional molding method. Flow cytometer was used to detect the effect of PSF overexpression on reactive oxygen (ROS) level in HRMECs. Protein immunoblotting was used to detect the relative expression of PSF, nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein, and phosphoserine threonine protein kinase (pAkt) protein. The comparison between the two groups was performed using a t-test. Results:The number of live cells, migrating cells, and intact lumen formation in the 4-HNE treatment group and the PSF+4-HNE group were 1.70±0.06, 0.80±0.13, 24.00±0.58, 10.00±0.67, and 725.00±5.77, 318.7±12.13, respectively. There were significant differences in the number of live cells, migrating cells, and intact lumen formation between the two groups ( t=12.311, 15.643, 17.346; P<0.001). The results of flow cytometry showed that the ROS levels in the 4-HNE treatment group, PSF+4-HNE group, and PSF+ML385+4-HNE group were 816.70±16.67, 416.70±15.44, and 783.30±17.41, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups ( t=16.311, 14.833, 18.442; P<0.001). Western blot analysis showed that the relative expression levels of pAkt, Nrf2, and HO-1 proteins in HRMECs in the 4-HNE treatment group, PSF+4-HNE group and LY294002+4-HNE+PSF group were 0.08±0.01, 0.57±0.04, 0.35±0.09, 0.17±0.03, 1.10±0.06, 0.08±0.11 and 0.80±0.14, 2.50±0.07, 0.50±0.05, respectively. Compared with the PSF+4-HNE group, the relative expression of pAkt, Nrf2, and HO-1 proteins in the LY294002+4-HNE+PSF group decreased significantly, with significant differences ( t=17.342, 16.813, 18.794; P<0.001). Conclusion:PSF upregulates the expression of HO-1 by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt pathway and inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and lumen formation induced by low concentrations of 4-HNE.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Nodal protein on retinal neovascularization under hypoxia.Methods:In vivo animal experiment: 48 healthy C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal group, oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) group, OIR+dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group and OIR+SB431542 group, with 12 mice in each group. Retinal neovascularization was observed in mice at 17 days of age by retina flat mount. Counts exceeded the number of vascular endothelial nuclei in the retinal inner boundary membrane (ILM) by hematoxylin eosin staining. In vivo cell experiment: human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(hRMEC) were divided into normal group, hypoxia group, hypoxia+DMSO group and hypoxia +SB431542 group. The cell proliferation was detected by thiazolyl blue colorimetry (MTT). The effect of SB431542 on hRMEC lumen formation was detected by Matrigel three-dimensional in vitro molding method. Cell migration in hRMEC was detected by cell scratch assay. The Seahorse XFe96 Cell Energy Metabolism analyzer measured extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of intracellular glycolysis, glycolysis reserve, and glycolysis capacity. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare groups.Results:In vivo animal experiment: compared with normal group, the neovascularization increased in OIR group ( t=41.621, P<0.001). Compared with OIR group, the number of vascular endothelial nuclei breaking through ILM in OIR+SB431542 group was significantly reduced, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=36.183, P<0.001). MTT test results showed that compared with normal group and hypoxia+SB431542 group, the cell proliferation of hypoxia group and hypoxia+DMSO group was significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=39.316, P<0.01). The cell proliferation of hypoxia+SB431542 group was significantly lower than that of hypoxia+DMSO group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=26.182, P<0.001). The number of intact lumen formation and migration cells in normal group, hypoxia group, hypoxia+DMSO group and hypoxia+SB431542 group were statistically significant ( F=34.513, 41.862; P<0.001, <0.01). Compared with the hypoxia+DMSO group, the number of intact lumen formation and migrating cells in the hypoxia+SB431542 group decreased significantly, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=44.723, 31.178; P<0.001,<0.01). The results of cell energy metabolism showed that compared with the hypoxia +DMSO group, the ECAR of intracellular glycolysis and glycolysis reserve in the hypoxia +SB431542 group was decreased, and the ECAR of glycolysis capacity was increased, with statistical significance ( t=26.175, 33.623, 37.276; P<0.05). Conclusion:SB431542 can inhibit the proliferation, migration and the ability to form lumens, reduce the level of glycolysis of hRMECs cells induced by hypoxia.

Objective:To investigate the cognitive frailty of inpatients in Department of Geriatrics and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. Using the convenient sampling method, inpatients in Department of Geriatrics who were treated in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University were selected from June 2019 to June 2020. A total of 486 elderly patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria completed the questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory examination. The FRAIL Frailty Assessment Scale and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to evaluate cognitive frailty. Single factor analysis and Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive frailty in elderly inpatients.Results:The age of the survey subjects was (77.99±10.47) years old and the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 37.45% (182/486) . Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with a history of falls within 1 year, drinking, older age, anemia and ADL decline had a higher risk of cognitive impairment ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The incidence of cognitive frailty is higher in elderly inpatients. Reducing the risk of falls, abstaining from alcohol, improving anemia and intervening to improve the ability of self-care in daily life may help to improve the cognitive frailty of the elderly.

Objective:To explore the frailty status of elderly inpatients and its influencing factors, so as to provide a basis for early identification of frailty status of elderly inpatients and scientific intervention.Methods:From January to December 2021, the convenient sampling was used to select 617 elderly patients (aged greater than or equal to 80 years old) in Department of Geriatric Medicine in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University as the research objects. The General Information Questionnaire, FRAIL Scale, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Assessment Scale, NRS-2002 Nutritional Risk Screening Scale, John Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool (JHFRAT) and Braden Scale were used to conduct cross-sectional survey. Multiple Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of frailty in elderly inpatients. A total of 617 questionnaires were distributed and 616 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.8% (616/617) .Results:Among 616 elderly inpatients, the incidence of frailty was 60.9% (375/616) . The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age, high fall risk, dependence on self-care ability of daily living and increased C-reactive protein were risk factors for frailty in elderly inpatients ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Elderly inpatients have a high incidence of frailty. Advanced age, high fall risk, poor daily living ability and elevated C-reactive protein are related to the occurrence of frailty. Therefore, medical staff should do a good job of assessing the frailty of elderly patients in clinical work and formulate professional, diversified and safe intervention programs in combination with their physical conditions, so as to delay the frailty process of elderly inpatients, improve quality of life of patients and promote healthy aging.

Objective:To explore the frailty status of elderly inpatients and its influencing factors, so as to provide a basis for early identification of frailty status of elderly inpatients and scientific intervention.Methods:From January to December 2021, the convenient sampling was used to select 617 elderly patients (aged greater than or equal to 80 years old) in Department of Geriatric Medicine in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University as the research objects. The General Information Questionnaire, FRAIL Scale, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Assessment Scale, NRS-2002 Nutritional Risk Screening Scale, John Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool (JHFRAT) and Braden Scale were used to conduct cross-sectional survey. Multiple Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of frailty in elderly inpatients. A total of 617 questionnaires were distributed and 616 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.8% (616/617) .Results:Among 616 elderly inpatients, the incidence of frailty was 60.9% (375/616) . The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age, high fall risk, dependence on self-care ability of daily living and increased C-reactive protein were risk factors for frailty in elderly inpatients ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Elderly inpatients have a high incidence of frailty. Advanced age, high fall risk, poor daily living ability and elevated C-reactive protein are related to the occurrence of frailty. Therefore, medical staff should do a good job of assessing the frailty of elderly patients in clinical work and formulate professional, diversified and safe intervention programs in combination with their physical conditions, so as to delay the frailty process of elderly inpatients, improve quality of life of patients and promote healthy aging.

Objective:To construct an evaluation index system for nursing teaching case base, so as to guide the construction of the nursing teaching case base, and provide a basis for evaluating the quality of the case base.Methods:From April to August 2020, the evaluation index system for nursing teaching case base was initially constructed through the integration of literature retrieval and semi-structured interview results, and based on the Donabedian model. A total of 17 experts were selected as the consultation subjects using the Delphi method. After 2 rounds of consultations, expert opinions tended to be unanimous to construct the evaluation index system for nursing teaching case base.Results:In the second round of consultation, the expert authority coefficient was 0.872, and the expert positive coefficient was 94.12% (16/17) , and the kendall's W was 0.115 with a statistical difference ( P<0.05) . Finally, the evaluation index system for nursing teaching case base included 3 first-level indicators, 8 second-level indicators, and 29 third-level indicators. Conclusions:The evaluation index system of nursing teaching case base based on the Donabedian model is scientific and credible, which can provide a basis for the evaluation of nursing teaching case base.

Objective: To understand the experience and needs of elderly specialist nurses during the period of specialist training, and to provide reference and basis for the establishment of a more perfect training plan for elderly specialist nurses. Methods: A one-to-one in-depth interview was conducted among 5 students in the third training course of the Beijing Nursing Society with the method of phenomenological research. Colaizzi undefineds seven-step data method of phenomenology was used to analyze the results. Results: Five topics were abstracted from the experience of training aged specialist nurses, including stress, safety awareness, harvest and growth, professional pride, teaching teachersundefined views and suggestions on scientific research. Conclusions The curriculum setup of elderly specialist nurses needs to be optimized. It is necessary to strengthen the training of scientific research, optimize the teachersundefined strength and perfect the training means, and the managers should formulate the specialty and standardization of the elderly nursing as soon as possible. To provide the necessary support for the training of elderly specialist nurses.

Objective To explore the effects of problem-based learning (PBL) on the teaching of geriatric specialist nurses. Methods A total of 46 geriatric specialist nurses who were trained in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from November 2016 to January 2018 were selected as the subjects by convenience sampling method. All the subjects were divided into control group and observation group using random number table method with 23 patients in each group. The control group adopted the routine teaching method, while the observation group adopted PBL method for 2 months. The teaching effect of the two groups was compared using the Registered Nurse Core Competence Scale (CIRN) and the Clinical Nursing Teacher's Teaching Behavior Evaluation Scale. Results After 2 months' training, the total score of CIRN of the observation group was (186.44±15.68), and the score of teaching behavior was (106.98±10.46), which were both higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (t=3.680, 4.462; P＜0.01). Conclusions The model of PBL can improve the core competence of geriatric specialist nurses and improve the quality of teaching.