To analyze the impact of salt reduction interventions on the knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding the salt reduction of students′ parents based on the home-school interaction model. In April 2021, parents of students in grades 3-5 from three primary schools in Yichang City were selected as the target population using a cluster sampling method, and the parent population was divided into an intervention group and a control group. In the intervention group, a comprehensive home-school interaction salt reduction intervention was implemented, and in the control group, no intervention measures were taken for students′ parents. Baseline and final surveys were conducted before and after the intervention period, which included general information, previous salt reduction interventions received, and salt reduction knowledge, attitude and behavior. Difference-in-difference (DID) method was used to compare the knowledge, attitude and behavior status of two groups before and after the intervention, and stratified analysis of parents with different literacy levels was conducted to assess the net effect of intervention implementation. The results showed that 740 parents completed the baseline and final surveys, with 231 in the intervention group and 509 in the control group. After propensity score matching, there were 231 (33.33%) in the intervention group and 462 (66.67%) in the control group. After the intervention, the proportion of the intervention group who obtained salt control spoons and pots, as well as salt reduction knowledge and advice through school, was 87.45%, 86.58% and 75.45%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). After the intervention, the proportion of parents with a high school and lower education who obtained salt control pots was higher in the intervention group (89.23%) than in the control group (74.49%), with significant differences ( P<0.05). The proportion of parents with a college degree or above who obtained salt control spoons and pots, as well as salt reduction knowledge and advice through school, was higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). The results of DID method showed that after controlling for monthly income and other factors, the scores of parents′ salt reduction-related knowledge and low-salt behavior in the intervention group increased significantly higher than those in the control group, with DID values (95% CI) of 1.18 (0.15-2.21) and 0.62 (0.16-1.09), respectively, indicating a significant net effect of intervention implication. After stratification according to the education level of parents, this difference still existed in the college degree or above group, with DID values (95% CI) of 1.39 (0.13-2.66) and 0.76 (0.16-1.36), respectively. The home-school interaction model for salt reduction measures can improve the salt-related knowledge and low-salt behavioral choices of students′ parents.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Ureaplasma spp.lipid-associated membrane proteins(LAMPs)on macro-phage M1 polarization,and clarify how LAMPs resist to ferroptosis by regulating macrophage M1 polarization.The overall goal is to contribute to a better understanding of pathogenesis of non-gonococcal urethritis caused by Ureaplasma spp.Methods:ELISA,qPCR and flow cytometry were used to analyze the effect of LAMPs on M1 polarization of macrophages;Western blot to detect how LAMPs stimulates NF-κB pathway during M1 polarization of macrophages;gene interference technology was used to elucidate how LAMPs affects macrophage M1 polarization through regulating NF-κB pathway;CCK8 and Western blot were used to find out how LAMPs affects macrophage ferroptosis by regulating NF-κB pathway.Results:ELISA,qPCR and flow cytometry results showed that LAMPs promoted macrophage polarization to M1;Western blot results showed that LAMPs increased levels of p-p65 in macrophages;interfering with p65 expression could inhibit M1 polarization process of macrophages that mediated by LAMPs,and inhibition of macrophage ferroptosis that mediated by LAMPs could be significantly reversed.Conclusion:LAMPs inhibits ferroptosis by accelerating macrophage M1 po-larization,which is one of the important pathogenic factors of non-gonococcal urethritis caused by Ureaplasma spp.

To analyze the impact of salt reduction interventions on the knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding the salt reduction of students′ parents based on the home-school interaction model. In April 2021, parents of students in grades 3-5 from three primary schools in Yichang City were selected as the target population using a cluster sampling method, and the parent population was divided into an intervention group and a control group. In the intervention group, a comprehensive home-school interaction salt reduction intervention was implemented, and in the control group, no intervention measures were taken for students′ parents. Baseline and final surveys were conducted before and after the intervention period, which included general information, previous salt reduction interventions received, and salt reduction knowledge, attitude and behavior. Difference-in-difference (DID) method was used to compare the knowledge, attitude and behavior status of two groups before and after the intervention, and stratified analysis of parents with different literacy levels was conducted to assess the net effect of intervention implementation. The results showed that 740 parents completed the baseline and final surveys, with 231 in the intervention group and 509 in the control group. After propensity score matching, there were 231 (33.33%) in the intervention group and 462 (66.67%) in the control group. After the intervention, the proportion of the intervention group who obtained salt control spoons and pots, as well as salt reduction knowledge and advice through school, was 87.45%, 86.58% and 75.45%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). After the intervention, the proportion of parents with a high school and lower education who obtained salt control pots was higher in the intervention group (89.23%) than in the control group (74.49%), with significant differences ( P<0.05). The proportion of parents with a college degree or above who obtained salt control spoons and pots, as well as salt reduction knowledge and advice through school, was higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). The results of DID method showed that after controlling for monthly income and other factors, the scores of parents′ salt reduction-related knowledge and low-salt behavior in the intervention group increased significantly higher than those in the control group, with DID values (95% CI) of 1.18 (0.15-2.21) and 0.62 (0.16-1.09), respectively, indicating a significant net effect of intervention implication. After stratification according to the education level of parents, this difference still existed in the college degree or above group, with DID values (95% CI) of 1.39 (0.13-2.66) and 0.76 (0.16-1.36), respectively. The home-school interaction model for salt reduction measures can improve the salt-related knowledge and low-salt behavioral choices of students′ parents.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Ureaplasma spp.lipid-associated membrane proteins(LAMPs)on macro-phage M1 polarization,and clarify how LAMPs resist to ferroptosis by regulating macrophage M1 polarization.The overall goal is to contribute to a better understanding of pathogenesis of non-gonococcal urethritis caused by Ureaplasma spp.Methods:ELISA,qPCR and flow cytometry were used to analyze the effect of LAMPs on M1 polarization of macrophages;Western blot to detect how LAMPs stimulates NF-κB pathway during M1 polarization of macrophages;gene interference technology was used to elucidate how LAMPs affects macrophage M1 polarization through regulating NF-κB pathway;CCK8 and Western blot were used to find out how LAMPs affects macrophage ferroptosis by regulating NF-κB pathway.Results:ELISA,qPCR and flow cytometry results showed that LAMPs promoted macrophage polarization to M1;Western blot results showed that LAMPs increased levels of p-p65 in macrophages;interfering with p65 expression could inhibit M1 polarization process of macrophages that mediated by LAMPs,and inhibition of macrophage ferroptosis that mediated by LAMPs could be significantly reversed.Conclusion:LAMPs inhibits ferroptosis by accelerating macrophage M1 po-larization,which is one of the important pathogenic factors of non-gonococcal urethritis caused by Ureaplasma spp.

Objective:To analyze the change in human resources within China′s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 2010 to 2020.Methods:The self-reported information from provincial, prefectural (city), and county (district) levels of China′s CDC, covering employee counts, staff composition, professional qualifications, educational backgrounds, technical titles, and tenure, were extracted from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The demographic context was provided by the annual population figures from the China Statistical Yearbook (2010-2020). The profile of CDC personnel was described, and the average annual percentage rate change (AAPC), average annual percentage rate change (APC), human resource agglomeration degree (HRAD) and the difference between HRAD and population agglomeration degree (PAD) were calculated. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the time trend.Results:The decade under review witnessed a net increase of 17 300 active and 18 300 enrolled personnel in the CDC, surpassing the national population growth rate with AAPCs of 0.93% and 1.03%, respectively. This upward trajectory was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The ratio of disease control personnel per 10 000 population escalated from 1.14 to 1.21. An initial decline in active CDC workforce density (from 1.31 to 1.27 per 10 000 population between 2010 and 2017) was followed by an increase (from 1.28 to 1.37 between 2018 and 2020), with APCs of -0.40% and 3.73%, respectively. The proportion of professional and technical staff in 2019 was highest in the eastern region (86.01%), followed by the western (83.75%) and central regions (79.54%). The period also saw an enhancement in the average academic degree (from 1.91 to 2.43 points) and professional title scores (from 1.39 to 1.53 points) of CDC personnel. While the average tenure in the eastern and western regions showed a slight decline, the central region experienced an increase, with HRAD values indicating a higher concentration in the eastern and central regions compared to the western region. The HRAD-PAD discrepancy revealed a negative value in the eastern region, nearing zero in the central and western regions. Conclusion:Between 2010 and 2020, China′s CDC experienced notable growth in human resources and underwent structural optimization, albeit with significant regional disparities in concentration.

Objective:To analyze the change in human resources within China′s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 2010 to 2020.Methods:The self-reported information from provincial, prefectural (city), and county (district) levels of China′s CDC, covering employee counts, staff composition, professional qualifications, educational backgrounds, technical titles, and tenure, were extracted from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The demographic context was provided by the annual population figures from the China Statistical Yearbook (2010-2020). The profile of CDC personnel was described, and the average annual percentage rate change (AAPC), average annual percentage rate change (APC), human resource agglomeration degree (HRAD) and the difference between HRAD and population agglomeration degree (PAD) were calculated. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the time trend.Results:The decade under review witnessed a net increase of 17 300 active and 18 300 enrolled personnel in the CDC, surpassing the national population growth rate with AAPCs of 0.93% and 1.03%, respectively. This upward trajectory was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The ratio of disease control personnel per 10 000 population escalated from 1.14 to 1.21. An initial decline in active CDC workforce density (from 1.31 to 1.27 per 10 000 population between 2010 and 2017) was followed by an increase (from 1.28 to 1.37 between 2018 and 2020), with APCs of -0.40% and 3.73%, respectively. The proportion of professional and technical staff in 2019 was highest in the eastern region (86.01%), followed by the western (83.75%) and central regions (79.54%). The period also saw an enhancement in the average academic degree (from 1.91 to 2.43 points) and professional title scores (from 1.39 to 1.53 points) of CDC personnel. While the average tenure in the eastern and western regions showed a slight decline, the central region experienced an increase, with HRAD values indicating a higher concentration in the eastern and central regions compared to the western region. The HRAD-PAD discrepancy revealed a negative value in the eastern region, nearing zero in the central and western regions. Conclusion:Between 2010 and 2020, China′s CDC experienced notable growth in human resources and underwent structural optimization, albeit with significant regional disparities in concentration.

To analyze the methodological and reporting quality of systematic reviews of prediction models published in Chinese journals, with the aim of providing reference for enhancing the overall quality of Chinese systematic reviews of prediction models.

Objective To investigate the status of quality control of dental X-ray equipment in Beijing Dongcheng District, to explore the problems involved in radiation protection. Methods 41 medical dental X-ray machines were detected in Beijing Dongcheng District in accordance with Specification for testing of quality control in dental X-ray equipment (WS 581—2017). Results The qualified rate was higher in imported machines (100%) than that in domestic machines (76.92%), the overall qualified rate was 92.68%. In performance detection, the qualified rates were 100% except for the deviation of loading time (92.68%) and tube voltage (95.12%). No leakage was detected in 41 dental institutes. Conclusion The overall status of dental X-ray machines was good in Beijing Dongcheng District. More attention was paid to shield protection than to quality control of dental X-ray machines. Therefore, health administration should take measures to strengthen advocation of WS 581—2017, and improve radiation protection through routine equipment performance test, supervision of X-ray protection and radiation health education.

Objective:To explore the changes of shoulder joint function in patients with clavicle fractures after open reduction and internal fixation at different periods, and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:From January 2019 to June 2020, convenience sampling was used to select 120 clavicle fracture patients with open reduction and internal fixation in Shanghai East Hospital. Patients were investigated using the General Information Questionnaire and the Constant-Murley Score for shoulder joint function at one week, one month, and three months after the operation.Results:The total scores of shoulder joint function of patients at one week, one month and three months after open reduction and internal fixation of clavicle fractures were (42.91±7.38) , (73.13±3.96) and (98.04±3.89) , respectively. Repeated analysis of variance showed that patients with clavicle fractures after open reduction and internal fixation had statistically significant differences in pain, activities of daily living, joint range of motion, muscle strength, and total score of shoulder joint function in different periods ( P<0.01) . One week after the operation, there were statistically significant differences in shoulder joint function of patients with clavicle fractures after open reduction and internal fixation at different ages, with or without caregivers, and functional exercise ( P<0.05) . One month after the operation, there was a statistically significant difference in shoulder joint function in functional exercise ( P<0.05) . Three months after the operation, there was no significant difference in the scores of shoulder joint function among patients with different characteristics ( P>0.05) . The results of multivariate analysis showed, age, caregivers and functional exercise were the influencing factors of shoulder joint function one week after open reduction and internal fixation ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:There are different characteristics of shoulder joint function in different periods after open reduction and internal fixation of clavicle fractures. In the acute phase, attention should be paid to the wound pain at the surgical site, and medical and nursing staff and caregivers should provide daily care and psychological counseling to the patient. In the subacute phase, joint exercises should be strengthened and continuous nursing should be carried out to ensure the continuing effectiveness of rehabilitation exercises.

OBJECTIVE：To prom ote the implementation of clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs in China ，promote the return of drugs to clinical value ，improve the utilization efficiency of limited resources ，and provide reference for decision makers of health departments. METHODS ：By combing the relevant policy documents and literatures of clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs，the evolution and research progress of relevant policies in China were introduced ；the advanced experiences （including evaluation subjects ，evaluation value dimensions ，evaluation methods ，evaluation procedures and results applications ）of Canada ，the United States ，the United Kingdom ，Australia，Europe，International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research and other countries （regions/organizations）were analyzed and summarized ；relevant suggestions on the construction of China ’s clinical comprehensive evaluation mechanism for drugs were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：It is suggested that the following measures should be taken to construct the clinical comprehensive evaluation mechanism of drugs in China including that the development goal and orientation of clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs should be further clarified with the guidance of decision-making needs ；the government should play a leading role and strengthen inter departmental cooperation and policy coordination；the traceability quality control system of internal and external standards should be established ，adhere to openness ， fairness and fair ；at the same time ，it is suggested to give full play to the role of informatization and big data ，strengthen the exploration of evaluation methodology and standards ，strengthen the transformation and application of evaluation results ，and promote the service of evaluation results to policy decision-making.