Objective Based on the national drug sampling inspection program,this study aims to comprehensively and systematically evaluate the quality of Xuanmai Ganjie preparations,analyze existing quality issues,and provide references and suggestions for quality control of this variety.Methods A total of 237 batches of Xuanmai Ganjie preparations were tested using legal standards,and methods were established for detecting adulteration of Ophiopogon japonicus with counterfeit varieties,paclobutrazol residue levels,and determining the content of platycodin D in Xuanmai Ganjie preparations.These methods were applied to the quality control and evaluation of Xuanmai Ganjie preparations.Results Through statutory inspection,one batch of Xuanmai Ganjie granules was found non-compliant.Specific batches were identified to contain the following irregularities:adulteration of Ophiopogon japonicus with counterfeit varieties,paclobutrazol residue levels exceeding proposed limits,and platycodin D content below the established threshold.Conclusion The overall quality of Xuanmai Ganjie granules was average,while the overall quality of Xuanmai Ganjie capsules and lozenges was relatively good.Manufacturing enterprises should strengthen their sense of primary responsibility and enhance control over the entire drug production process.

Depressive disorders are common mental illnesses characterized by significant and persistent low mood, with features such as high prevalence, high disability rate, and high suicide rate. The microbiota-gut-brain axis may be one of the potential mechanisms underlying depressive disorders. Gut microbiota metabolites, as important mediators of MGBA signaling, play roles in depressive disorders through multiple pathways. These include short-chain fatty acids, which can regulate the transmission of the vagus nerve, inflammatory responses, and 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis; secondary bile acids, which can activate farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein-compled receptor 5; and choline, which can regulate DNA methylation and trimethylamine N-oxide production. This article reviews the literature on the potential mechanisms of action of gut microbiota metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and choline, in depressive disorders. The literature was retrieved from CNKI, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from 2010 to 2025. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders.

OBJECTIVE To study the mechanism of action of herb pair of Angelica sinensis-Poria cocos in intervening in allergic rhinitis. METHODS The core targets of herb pair of A. sinensis-P. cocos in intervening in allergic rhinitis were predicted through network pharmacology. Allergic rhinitis model of rats was established by intraperitoneal injection of aluminum hydroxide and ovalbumin mixture， and the rats were randomly divided into model group， loratadine group （positive control group， 0.9 mg/kg）， and low-， medium-， high-dose groups of herb pair of A. sinensis-P. cocos （3， 6 and 12 g/kg）， with 10 rats in each group. Another 10 healthy rats were used as the normal group. Each group of rats was intragastrically administered the corresponding liquid or normal saline once a day for 30 consecutive days. After the last administration， the behavioral scores of each group of rats were calculated， the levels of immunoglobulin E （IgE）， histamine， interleukin-4 （IL-4） in serum， and the protein expression levels of IL-6， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 （PTGS2） in nasal mucosa tissue were detected. The pathological morphology changes of nasal mucosa tissue were observed. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis revealed that IL-6， TNF and PTGS2 might play a key role in the intervention of allergic rhinitis by herb pair of A. sinensis-P. cocos， and the IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways might be the typical inflammatory signaling pathways intervened by herb pair of A. sinensis-P. cocos in allergic rhinitis. The results of animal experiments showed that compared with the model group， the behavioral score， the levels of IgE， histamine and IL-4， and the protein expressions of IL-6， TNF-α and PTGS2 in each administration group were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）， and there was a dose-dependent relationship with the herb pair of A. sinensis-P. cocos （P＜ 0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The herb pair of A. sinensis-P. cocos can effectively alleviate the symptoms of rats with allergic rhinitis， the mechanism of which may be related to the inhibition of the expressions of IL-6， TNF-α and PTGS2.

BACKGROUND: Inflammation plays a critical role in severe cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) pathogenesis, but the benefits of anti-inflammatory therapies remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between steroid therapy combined with anticoagulation and the prognosis of acute/subacute severe CVT patients. METHODS: A prospective cohort study enrolled patients with acute/subacute severe CVT at Xuanwu Hospital (July 2020-January 2024). Patients were allocated into steroid and non-steroid groups based on the treatment they received. Functional outcomes (modified Rankin scale [mRS]) were evaluated at admission, discharge, and 6 months after discharge. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-6, and intracranial pressure were measured at admission and discharge in the steroid group. Fundoscopic Frisén grades were assessed at admission and 6 months after discharge. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluat associations between steroid use and favorable outcomes (mRS ≤2) at the 6-month follow-up. Paired tests assessed changes in hs-CRP and other variables before and after treatment, and Spearman's correlations were used to analyze relationships between these changes and functional improvements. RESULTS: A total of 107 and 58 patients in the steroid and non-steroid groups, respectively, were included in the analysis. Compared with the non-steroid group, the steroid group had a higher likelihood of achieving an mRS score of 0-2 (93.5% vs . 82.5%, odds ratio [OR] = 2.98, P  = 0.037) at the 6-month follow-up. After adjusting for confounding factors, the result remained consistent. Pulsed steroid therapy did not increase mortality during hospitalization or follow-up, nor did it lead to severe steroid-related complications (all P  >0.05). Patients in the steroid group showed a significant reduction in serum hs-CRP, IL-6, CSF IL-6, and intracranial pressure at discharge compared to at admission, as well as a significant reduction in the fundoscopic Frisén grade at the 6-month follow-up compare to at admission (all P  <0.001). A reduction in serum inflammatory marker levels during hospitalization positively correlated with improvements in functional outcomes ( P  <0.05). CONCLUSION: Short-term steroid use may be an effective and safe adjuvant therapy for acute/subacute severe CVT when used alongside standard anticoagulant treatments, which are likely due to suppression of the inflammatory response. However, these findings require further validation in randomized controlled trials. TRAIL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT05990894.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use* ; C-Reactive Protein/metabolism* ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Intracranial Thrombosis/drug therapy* ; Prospective Studies ; Steroids/therapeutic use* ; Venous Thrombosis/drug therapy*

Objective Based on the national drug sampling inspection program,this study aims to comprehensively and systematically evaluate the quality of Xuanmai Ganjie preparations,analyze existing quality issues,and provide references and suggestions for quality control of this variety.Methods A total of 237 batches of Xuanmai Ganjie preparations were tested using legal standards,and methods were established for detecting adulteration of Ophiopogon japonicus with counterfeit varieties,paclobutrazol residue levels,and determining the content of platycodin D in Xuanmai Ganjie preparations.These methods were applied to the quality control and evaluation of Xuanmai Ganjie preparations.Results Through statutory inspection,one batch of Xuanmai Ganjie granules was found non-compliant.Specific batches were identified to contain the following irregularities:adulteration of Ophiopogon japonicus with counterfeit varieties,paclobutrazol residue levels exceeding proposed limits,and platycodin D content below the established threshold.Conclusion The overall quality of Xuanmai Ganjie granules was average,while the overall quality of Xuanmai Ganjie capsules and lozenges was relatively good.Manufacturing enterprises should strengthen their sense of primary responsibility and enhance control over the entire drug production process.

The clinical and imaging manifestations of the dural arteriovenous fistula(DAVF)located in the great cerebral vein area with progressive bilateral thalamic edema lack specificity and are easily confused with a variety of diseases.The authors reported a case presented with psychiatric and behavioral abnormalities,followed by bilateral thalamic lesions.Initially,the diagnosis was considered as a glioma of the thalamus,encephalitis and straight sinus thrombosis,but the clinical and imaging findings progressively worsened.Through multi-modal imaging examinations,a DAVF in the great cerebral vein territory was finally diagnosed.By reporting the case and reviewing the literature,this paper aimed to explore the clinical manifestations and imaging features of the disease to reduce the incidence of misdiagnosis.

Alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) is a liver disease characterized by steatosis, inflammation, and necrosis of the liver tissue as a result of excessive alcohol consumption. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a xenobiotic nuclear receptor best known for its function in the transcriptional regulation of drug metabolism and disposition. Clinical reports suggested that the antibiotic rifampicin, a potent human PXR activator, is a contraindication in alcoholics, but the mechanism was unclear. In this study, we showed that the hepatic expression of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) was uniquely elevated in ASH patients and a mouse model of ASH. Pharmacological inhibiting FABP4 attenuated ASH in mice. Furthermore, treatment of mice with the mouse PXR agonist pregnenolon-16α-carbonitrile (PCN) induced the hepatic and circulating levels of FABP4 and exacerbated ASH in a PXR-dependent manner. Our mechanism study established FABP4 as a transcriptional target of PXR. Treatment with andrographolide, a natural compound and dual inhibitor of PXR and FABP4, alleviated mice from ASH. In summary, our results showed that the PXR-FABP4 gene regulatory axis plays an important role in the progression of ASH, which may have accounted for the contraindication of rifampicin in patients of alcoholic liver disease. Pharmacological inhibition of PXR and/or FABP4 may have its promise in the clinical management of ASH.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has become an essential method in psychiatric disorders. However, many problems occurred in clinical application. This article interpreted the Association Standard T/CMEAS 011-2023'Operating Specifications for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Clinical Applications on Psychiatric Disorders′ released by the Chinese Medicine Education Association. The main content included a range of applications, normative references, terms and definitions, site specifications, equipment specifications, ability specifications of rTMS operators and rTMS process specifications.This article provided suggestions for clinical applications of rTMS on psychiatric disorders.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has become an essential method in psychiatric disorders. However, many problems occurred in clinical application. This article interpreted the Association Standard T/CMEAS 011-2023'Operating Specifications for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Clinical Applications on Psychiatric Disorders′ released by the Chinese Medicine Education Association. The main content included a range of applications, normative references, terms and definitions, site specifications, equipment specifications, ability specifications of rTMS operators and rTMS process specifications.This article provided suggestions for clinical applications of rTMS on psychiatric disorders.

Objective In order to regularly detect the performance parameters of automated external defibrillator (AED), to make sure it is safe before using the instrument, research and design of a system for detecting automated external defibrillator performance parameters. Methods According to the research of the characteristics of its performance parameters, combing the STM32's stability and high speed with PWM modulation control, the system produces a variety of ECG normal and abnormal signals through the digital sampling methods. Results Completed the design of the hardware and software, formed a prototype. Conclusion This system can accurate detect automated external defibrillator discharge energy, synchronous defibrillation time, charging time and other key performance parameters.