Depressive disorders are common mental illnesses characterized by significant and persistent low mood, with features such as high prevalence, high disability rate, and high suicide rate. The microbiota-gut-brain axis may be one of the potential mechanisms underlying depressive disorders. Gut microbiota metabolites, as important mediators of MGBA signaling, play roles in depressive disorders through multiple pathways. These include short-chain fatty acids, which can regulate the transmission of the vagus nerve, inflammatory responses, and 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis; secondary bile acids, which can activate farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein-compled receptor 5; and choline, which can regulate DNA methylation and trimethylamine N-oxide production. This article reviews the literature on the potential mechanisms of action of gut microbiota metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and choline, in depressive disorders. The literature was retrieved from CNKI, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from 2010 to 2025. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between the changes of vascular density in deep and shallow layers,retinal hyperreflexia and the therapeutic response of diabetic macular edema(DME).Methods Retrospectively selected DME patients(45 cases and 59 eyes)who visited the Department of Ophthalmology from April 2020 to November 2023 as the experimental group.Compare the change of deep and superficial blood vessel density and retinal hyperreflective points before and after treatment of the patients.The correlation between each index and poor response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)treatment with DME was analyzed using the Pearson test.The value of baseline deep retinal capillary plexus(DCP),central macular retinal thickness(CMT),number of high-reflective foci(HRF)in the retina,and blood flow density(FD300-VD)in diagnosing poor response to anti-VEGF therapy in DME was analyzed using the subject operating characteristic curve(ROC).Results Compared with pre-treatment,patients'superficial retinal capillary plexus(SCP),DCP,FD300-VD,and deep-superficial flow ratio(DSFR)increased and CMT thickness significantly decreased after treatment(P<0.05).Pearson's correlation test showed that the outcome of patients with poor response to anti-VEGF therapy was negatively correlated with baseline SCP-VD,DCP-VD,DSFR,and FD300-VD(r=-0.458,-0.433,-0.604,and-0.452,P<0.05)and positively correlated with CMT(r=0.427,P<0.05).The results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that a rise in SCP,DCP,FD300-VD,and DSFR,and a decrease in CMT were corre-lates affecting the response to anti-VEGF therapy in DME(OR=0.285,0.272,0.291,0.268,2.821,P<0.05).The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the AUCs of baseline DCP,CMT,HRF quantity,and FD300-VD were 0.918,0.934,0.947,and 0.927,respectively,which were of good value in diagnosing poor response to anti-VEGF therapy in DME.Conclusion Morphologic indicators such as changes in the density of deep and superfi-cial blood vessels and retinal hyperreflective spots have good application value in assessing the response to DME treatment and can assist in clinical treatment.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between the changes of vascular density in deep and shallow layers,retinal hyperreflexia and the therapeutic response of diabetic macular edema(DME).Methods Retrospectively selected DME patients(45 cases and 59 eyes)who visited the Department of Ophthalmology from April 2020 to November 2023 as the experimental group.Compare the change of deep and superficial blood vessel density and retinal hyperreflective points before and after treatment of the patients.The correlation between each index and poor response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)treatment with DME was analyzed using the Pearson test.The value of baseline deep retinal capillary plexus(DCP),central macular retinal thickness(CMT),number of high-reflective foci(HRF)in the retina,and blood flow density(FD300-VD)in diagnosing poor response to anti-VEGF therapy in DME was analyzed using the subject operating characteristic curve(ROC).Results Compared with pre-treatment,patients'superficial retinal capillary plexus(SCP),DCP,FD300-VD,and deep-superficial flow ratio(DSFR)increased and CMT thickness significantly decreased after treatment(P<0.05).Pearson's correlation test showed that the outcome of patients with poor response to anti-VEGF therapy was negatively correlated with baseline SCP-VD,DCP-VD,DSFR,and FD300-VD(r=-0.458,-0.433,-0.604,and-0.452,P<0.05)and positively correlated with CMT(r=0.427,P<0.05).The results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that a rise in SCP,DCP,FD300-VD,and DSFR,and a decrease in CMT were corre-lates affecting the response to anti-VEGF therapy in DME(OR=0.285,0.272,0.291,0.268,2.821,P<0.05).The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the AUCs of baseline DCP,CMT,HRF quantity,and FD300-VD were 0.918,0.934,0.947,and 0.927,respectively,which were of good value in diagnosing poor response to anti-VEGF therapy in DME.Conclusion Morphologic indicators such as changes in the density of deep and superfi-cial blood vessels and retinal hyperreflective spots have good application value in assessing the response to DME treatment and can assist in clinical treatment.

【Objective】 To study the status and conduct effect evaluation of blood donation recruitment of blood services in Chongqing, and explore its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for the regional homogenization of blood services in Chongqing. 【Methods】 19 blood services in Chongqing were investigated by questionnaire in terms of the input in human resources and funds, recruitment methods, document construction and effect evaluation. The statistical analysis was conducted. 【Results】 The average number of blood donors per 1 000 population in 19 blood services in Chongqing was 9.35±3.35. Among the 19 blood services, blood inventory warning occurred in 18, 6 of them reached Level 2 and 1 of them was Level 1. The number of blood donations per 1 000 population in blood banks with no more than 5 recruits or with less than 100 000 yuan/year recruitment fund was significantly lower than that in blood banks with more than 5 recruits or with more than 100 000 yuan/year recruitment fund(P<0.05). SMS and telephone recruitment were most commonly used in blood donation recruitment. Most blood banks have established corresponding system documents, but only one has established the method to evaluate the effect of blood donation recruitment. 【Conclusion】 The number of blood donations per 1 000 population in 19 blood services in Chongqing varies greatly, and the pressure of blood inventory warning is widespread. The input of human resources and financial fund have a certain impact on the number of blood donations per 1000 population, but not the alone factor. The recruitment method is a little bit more on the traditional side, and the blood donation recruitment and efficacy evaluation is in lack of documentary supporting. Regional homogenization should be achieved by integrating the resources of blood services, establishing the document framework of blood donation recruitment and effect evaluation, clarifying the evaluation content and unifying the evaluation standard.

Nanoliposomes are considered to be the most successful nanoparticle drug delivery system, but their fate in vivo has not been fully understood due to lack of reliable bioanalytical methods, which seriously limits the development of liposomal drugs. Hence, an overview of currently used bioanalytical methods is imperative to lay the groundwork for the need of developing a bioanalytical method for liposome measurements in vivo. Currently, major analytical methods for nanoliposomes measurement in vivo include fluorescence labeling, radiolabeling, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mass spectrometry and computed tomography.In this review, these bioanalytical methods are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. We provide insights into the applicability and limitations of these analytical methods in the application of nanoliposomes measurement in vivo, and highlight the recent development of instrumental analysis techniques. The review is devoted to providing a comprehensive overview of the investigation of nanoliposomes design and associated fate in vivo, promoting the development of bioanalytical techniques for nanoliposomes measurement, and understanding the pharmacokinetic behavior, effectiveness and potential toxicity of nanoliposomes in vivo.