ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio （NLR）， platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio （PLR）， systemic immune-inflammation index （SII） and the severity of intrauterine adhesions （IUA）. MethodsThe retrospective study included 380 patients who underwent transcervical resection of adhesions （TCRA） from December 2019 to March 2025. Based on the American Fertility Society （AFS） classification， patients were divided into mild （n=61）， moderate （n=225）， and severe （n=94） groups. NLR， PLR， and SII were calculated from preoperative blood tests. Statistical analyses included Kruskal-Wallis test and ordinal Logistic regression. ResultsNLR， PLR， and SII were significantly higher in the severe IUA group compared to the mild group （P<0.05）， with SII showing the strongest predictive ability （OR=1.004， P=0.001）. The number of intrauterine procedures was an independent risk factor （OR=1.27/level， P=0.016）. The predictive model ［Logit（P）=-0.676+0.241×operation times+0.004×SII］ effectively identified severe IUA cases. ConclusionInflammatory markers （particularly SII） are correlated with IUA severity and may serve as non-invasive tools for clinical assessment.

WD repeat domain 1(WDR1)is a highly conserved cytoskeleton-associated protein that plays a crucial role in physiological processes such as actin cytoskeleton remodeling,dynamic regulation of intercellular junctions,cell division,and migration.WDR1 exhibits abnormal high ex-pression in various malignant tumors,including breast cancer,ovarian cancer,and thyroid cancer,and has been demonstrated to significantly promote the invasive and migratory capabilities of tumor cells,suggesting its important role in the malignant progression of tumors.Moreover,the expression level of WDR1 is closely related to the clinical prognosis of patients with multiple malignant tumors.Especially in patients with esophageal cancer and osteosarcoma,its high expression often indicates a poor overall survival rate.WDR1 can promote tumor initiation and progression by regulating the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway and the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway.Meanwhile,its expression is also subject to multi-level regulation by transcription activation factors and long non-coding RNAs(lncR-NAs),thereby influencing the proliferation,migration,and other biological behaviors of tumor cells.Additionally,WDR1 can further drive the invasive growth and metastatic potential of tumors by regu-lating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)process.This article aimed to systematically re-view the research progress in recent years regarding the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of WDR1 in tumor initiation and development,with a view to providing new theoretical foundations and research directions for the early diagnosis,prognosis assessment,and individualized treatment of clinical tumors.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a critical factor contributing to damage in multiple organs, involving complex mechanisms such as free radical production, intracellular calcium overload, and excessive activation of inflammatory responses. IRI leads to mitochondrial structural abnormalities and dysfunction, disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitophagy, a vital mitochondrial quality control mechanism, eliminates damaged mitochondria and reactive oxygen species, which plays a significant role in IRI by reducing the accumulation of harmful intracellular substances and maintaining mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis. This review aims to discuss the research progress of mitochondrial autophagy in organ IRI.

Objective To study the clinical features,management,and outcomes of benign lesions of the vocal folds in children.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 686 children diagnosed with benign lesions of vocal folds from 2010 to 2021.The clinical features were analyzed.One hundred children with follow-up records were divided in-to conservative observation group(66 cases)and surgical treatment group(34 cases),and the outcomes was analyzed.Results A total of 455(66.3％)children with benign lesions of vocal folds were boys,and most children(249 cases,36.3％)were within the age group of 6～10 years old.Vocal fold polyps were the most common cases(451 cases,65.7％).The long-term effective rates of the conservative observation and the surgery groups were 63.6％and 79.4％,respectively.The recurrence rate of vocal fold polyps was 31.8％in children aged 3 to 10 years.All the children with vocal fold cyst failed to respond to conservative treatment.Conclusion Benign lesions in children are more common in boys and those aged 6～10 years old,and vocal fold polyps being the most common lesions.Conservative observation is preferred when children with vocal fold polyps are under six years old,and surgical treatment is considered when they are aged 10 and above.Surgery is recommended for children with vocal fold cysts.

Objective:To investigate the regulatory effect of follistatin-like 1 protein (FSTL1) on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into myofibroblasts in renal tissue and on renal fibrosis induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).Method:In animal experiments, a unilateral renal IRI-induced fibrosis model was established by clamping the left renal pedicle (IRI 7 d group, n=3), with a sham-operated group as control (Sham 7 d group, n=3). Twelve male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to sham operation (Sham group, n=4), model (IRI group, n=4) and FSTL1 treatment (IRI+FSTL1 group, n=4) groups. The Sham group underwent laparotomy sham surgery, while the IRI group and IRI+FSTL1 group underwent unilateral renal IRI surgery. From 1 day before surgery to 7 days after surgery, mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of phosphate buffered saline (Sham group and IRI group) or recombinant FSTL1 protein (IRI+FSTL1 group). The mice were sacrificed 14 days after surgery. Renal histopathological damage was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Collagen fiber deposition and fibronectin (FN) accumulation in renal interstitium were assessed by Sirius red staining, Masson’s trichrome staining and immunohistochemical staining. The co-expression level of stem cell antigen-1 (SCA-1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was detected by double immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA expression levels of fibrosis-related genes ( Col1a1, Col3a1, Fn1) and myofibroblast marker gene ( Acta2) were detected by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In cell experiments, a differentiation model of mouse MSCs into myofibroblasts was established through TGF-β1 induction (MSC+TGF-β1 group, n=3), with a blank control group (MSC group, n=3) set up for comparison. Bone marrow MSCs from C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the TGF-β1 induction group (MSC+TGF-β1, n=6), the FSTL1 treatment group (MSC+TGF-β1+FSTL1, n=6), the negative control siRNA transfection group (MSC-siNC+TGF-β1, n=6), and the Fstl1-targeted siRNA transfection group (MSC-si Fstl1+TGF-β1, n=6). The mRNA and protein expression levels of Col1a1, Col3a1, Fn1 and Acta2 were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot respectively. The concentration of FSTL1 protein in cell culture supernatant was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Result:The expression of Col1a1 and Acta2 mRNA in the kidney tissue of IRI 7 d group mice was higher than that of the Sham 7 d group (both P<0.05), successfully establishing a mouse model of renal fibrosis. The mRNA expression of Fstl1 in kidney tissues of the IRI 7 d group mice was upregulated ( P<0.01). Immunofluorescence double staining revealed increased co-expression of SCA-1/α-SMA and SCA-1/FSTL1 in the renal interstitium. At 14 days after surgery, HE staining results showed reduced pathological damage in kidney tissues of the IRI+FSTL1 group compared to the IRI group, and Sirius Red and Masson staining revealed decreased collagen fiber deposition in the renal interstitium, while immunohistochemical staining demonstrated reduced FN accumulation in the renal interstitium (all P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of Col1a1, Col3a1, Fn1 and Acta2 in renal tissue of IRI+FSTL1 group were lower than IRI group (all P<0.05). Double immunofluorescence staining showed a decrease in the co-expression of SCA-1 and α-SMA in renal interstitium. In cell experiments, the mRNA expression levels of Col1a1, Col3a1, Fn1, and Acta2 in the MSC+TGF-β1 group were higher than those in the MSC group (all P<0.05), confirming successful TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation of MSCs. Additionally, both intracellular FSTL1 protein expression and FSTL1 protein concentration in the cell supernatant were elevated in the MSC+TGF-β1 group (both P<0.05). Compared with MSC+TGF-β1 group, the mRNA levels of Acta2 and Col1a1 in MSC+TGF-β1+FSTL1 group were decreased (both P<0.01), and the protein expression levels of collagen Ⅰ and α-SMA were significantly decreased (both P<0.001). Compared with MSC-siNC+TGF-β1 group, the protein level of FSTL1 in cell culture supernatant of MSC-si Fstl1+TGF-β1 group were decreased ( P<0.001), while the protein expression levels of FN and α-SMA were increased (both P<0.001), and the mRNA expression levels of Fn1 and Acta2 were increased (both P<0.05). Conclusions:During unilateral renal IRI-induced renal fibrosis, MSCs in renal interstitium may differentiate into myofibroblasts. FSTL1 may alleviate renal fibrosis after unilateral renal IRI by inhibiting the differentiation of MSCs into myofibroblasts.

Carbon ion radiotherapy(CIRT)is an advanced radiotherapy method with unique physical and biological properties.It increases the dose to the tumor target area while providing better protection to normal tissues.CIRT can be used for hypoxic tumors resistant to photon radiotherapy.It also has the potential superiority of inducing immune responses and can produce the"abscopal effect"when com-bined with different immunotherapies.Radioimmunotherapy can not only ablate tumors at the irradiated site but also partially control dis-tant metastases at the unirradiated site.However,the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.Due to the protection of the tu-mor microenvironment,tumors can sometimes be difficult to completely clear through CIRT-mediated anti-tumor immunity;this can also in-dicate functional limitations of some immune organs after CIRT.Therefore,this study reviewed the impact of CIRT on both innate and adapt-ive immune responses.It also examined the relationship between different radiation doses/fractions and immune protein expression,as well as compared the differences in imaging techniques between carbon ion radiotherapy and traditional radiotherapy.We have also proposed future directions to enhance the superiority of CIRT.This study aimed to provide a strong theoretical basis for improving the efficacy of CIRT and its combination therapy,ultimately benefiting more patients with cancer.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors influencing mortality in neonates undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).Methods:This retrospective study included 34 neonates with a corrected age of≤28 days who received CRRT at the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, from January 2019 to December 2023. The neonates were divided into a mortality group ( n=16) and a survival group ( n=18) based on whether they died during CRRT. Pre-CRRT blood biochemical indices, general condition, CRRT treatment modes, parameters, and related complications were analyzed using t-tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and Chi-square tests. Logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to screen for risk factors associated with CRRT mortality. Results:The mortality rate among the 34 neonates was 48.6% (16/34), with a median CRRT age of 17 days (range: 2-33 days). Eleven neonates (32.3%) were preterm, with the youngest gestational age being 27 weeks and the lowest weight before CRRT initiation being 1 700 g. The mortality group had lower urine output 6-12 hours before CRRT initiation and lower critical illness scores compared to the survival group [0.05 (0.02-1.00) ml/(kg·h) vs. 0.50 (0.20-1.05) ml/(kg·h), (64.50±7.10) scores vs. (77.67±3.65) scores, Z or t values were 10.97 and 3.91, respectively]. However, the vasoactive inotropic score (VIS), proportion of coma, and levels of blood potassium, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood ammonia, blood lactic acid, and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were higher in the mortality group compared to the survival group [ (86.88±15.80) scores vs. (55.56±24.31) scores, 11/16 vs. 1/18, (7.02±1.73) mmol/L vs. (5.88±1.53) mmol/L, 274.55(132.50-664.98) U/L vs. 31.10(19.03-110.70) U/L, 688.20 (449.73-3 618.13) U/L vs. 96.65 (44.15-439.00) U/L, 232.75 (70.33-1 310.85) μmol/L vs.77.70 (49.78-919.05) μmol/L, (11.17±3.36) U/L vs. (7.99±2.67) U/L, and (99.57±39.74) s vs. (60.97±31.25) s, with t, χ2, or Z values of－4.39, 14.81,－2.03,－2.72,－11.81,－3.89,－3.06, and－3.17, respectively] (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that pre-treatment VIS value ( OR=1.150, 95% CI: 1.035-1.278), and blood ammonia level ( OR=1.004, 95% CI: 1.002-1.009) were independent risk factors for mortality (both P<0.05). Conclusions:Neonatal CRRT mortality is associated with pre-treatment VIS scores and blood ammonia levels. Attention should be paid to a rapid decreases in urine output, the intensity of vasopressor support, and elevated levels of blood ammonia, blood lactic acid, transaminases, and APTT at the initiation of treatment.

Objective:To investigate the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and normal ovarian reserve (NOR). Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on infertile women undergoing their first IVF-ET cycle in the Department of Reproductive Genetics, Zhengzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2018 to December 2023, including 318 PCOS patients (group P) and 528 NOR patients (group N). Each group was divided into three subgroups according to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels: severe deficiency [25(OH)D<12 μg/L], deficiency [12 μg/L≤25(OH)D<20 μg/L], and non-deficiency [25(OH)D≥20 μg/L]. The impact of vitamin D deficiency on pregnancy outcomes was analyzed in each group. 1∶1 propensity score matching was applied to match the baseline characteristics between group P and group N , resulting in 158 matched cases of PCOS (group P) and NOR (group N). Pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups under the same vitamin D status.Results:1) Among PCOS patients, there were no significant differences in general characteristics and pregnancy outcomes among the three subgroups (all P>0.05). The two pronuclei (2PN) rate in the severe deficiency subgroup [59.93% (721/1 203)] was significantly lower than that in the deficiency subgroup [63.70% (1 032/1 620)], with a statistically significant difference ( P=0.045), and both were lower than that in the non-deficiency subgroup [68.06% (554/814)], with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.001, P=0.037). There were no statistically significant differences in the number of oocytes retrieved and MⅡ oocytes, MⅡ oocyte rate, 2PN number, 2PN rate, cleavage number, cleavage rate, number of available embryos on day 3 (day 3, D3), number of high-quality embryos on D3, D3 high-quality embryo rate, clinical pregnancy rate, embryo implantation rate, early miscarriage rate, live birth rate, and premature birth rate among subgroups (all P>0.05). Female age ( OR=0.930, 95% CI: 0.871-0.992, P=0.028), endometrial thickness on the day of transfer ( OR=0.877, 95% CI: 0.791-0.971, P=0.012), number of D3 high-quality embryos ( OR=1.135, 95% CI: 1.050-1.228, P=0.001), and ovulation stimulating protocol ( OR=2.230, 95% CI: 1.153-4.314, P=0.017) were independent factors influencing clinical pregnancy. 2) Among NOR patients, there were no significant differences in general characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, laboratory parameters, or other outcome-related indices among the three subgroups (all P>0.05). Female age ( OR=0.944, 95% CI: 0.900-0.990, P=0.018), number of D3 high-quality embryos ( OR=1.070, 95% CI: 1.004-2.597, P=0.037), and number of transferred embryos ( OR=1.753, 95% CI: 1.184-2.597, P=0.005) were independent factors influencing clinical pregnancy. 3) After matching, there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics and pregnancy outcomes between group P and group N (all P>0.05). In the severe vitamin D deficiency state, group P had significantly lower MⅡ oocyte rate [76.64% (525/685)], 2PN rate [59.69% (345/578)], embryo implantation rate [35.71% (30/84)], and live birth rate [34.00% (17/50)] compared with group N [81.58% (465/570), P=0.033; 67.00% (335/500), P=0.013; 51.28% (40/78), P=0.046; 55.32% (26/47), P=0.035]. In the vitamin D deficiency state, the 2PN rate in group P [66.50% (532/800)] was significantly lower than that in group N [72.00% (725/1 007), P=0.012]. Conclusion:Vitamin D deficiency may adversely affect IVF-ET outcomes in patients with PCOS, with more pronounced effects in cases of severe deficiency. However, it has no impact on the assisted reproductive outcomes in NOR patients.

Objective:To investigate the impact of fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer on pregnancy outcomes in patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) at an advanced age.Methods:Using a retrospective cohort study design, we enrolled elderly women with DOR who underwent their first in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment at Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022. Patients were grouped according to the cycle type of their first embryo transfer: a fresh cycle transfer group (group A, n=563) and a frozen-thawed cycle transfer group (group B, n=234). Propensity score matching (PSM, 1∶1) was used to match the baseline characteristics and embryo transfer information of the two groups, resulting in 184 patients in each group. The impact of fresh versus frozen-thawed embryo transfer on reproductive outcomes in elderly DOR patients was analyzed. Results:1) There were no statistically significant differences in general data, ovarian stimulation, and laboratory parameters of embryos between the two groups after PSM (all P>0.05). 2) The clinical pregnancy rate [23.91% (44/184)], the implantation rate [16.55% (48/290)], the ongoing pregnancy rate [16.85% (31/184)], and the live birth rate [16.30% (30/184)] in group A were significantly higher than those in group B [14.67% (27/184), P=0.025; 10.27% (30/292), P=0.026; 9.78% (18/184), P=0.046; 9.24% (17/184), P=0.042], with statistically significant differences. There were no statistically significant differences in miscarriage rate, multiple pregnancy rate, preterm birth rate, gestational age at delivery, and neonatal birth weight between the two groups (all P>0.05). 3) After controlling for confounding factors, frozen-thawed embryo transfer, female age, and the number of transferred quality embryos were independent factors influencing clinical pregnancy ( OR=0.486, 95% CI: 0.275-0.858, P=0.013; OR=0.761, 95% CI: 0.686-0.844, P<0.001; transferring one high-quality embryo OR=5.213, 95% CI: 1.501-18.105, P=0.009; transferring two high-quality embryos OR=8.144, 95% CI: 2.072-32.009, P=0.003) and live birth ( OR=0.468, 95% CI: 0.240-0.916, P=0.027; OR=0.733, 95% CI: 0.645-0.834, P<0.001; transferring one high-quality embryo OR=5.457, 95% CI: 1.218-24.448, P=0.027; transferring two high-quality embryos OR=5.900, 95% CI: 1.132-30.754, P=0.035). 4) After controlling for confounding factors, in transfer cycles of patients older than 40 years, the clinical pregnancy rate in group A [14.46% (12/83)] was significantly higher than that in group B [4.88% (4/82)], with a statistically significant difference ( OR=0.285, 95% CI: 0.086-0.946, P=0.040). In single cleavage-stage embryo transfer cycles, the clinical pregnancy rate [21.79% (17/78)] and the live birth rate [16.67% (13/78)] in group A were significantly higher than those in group B [9.21% (7/76), OR=0.311, 95% CI: 0.113-0.857, P=0.024; 6.58% (5/76), OR=0.468, 95% CI: 0.24-0.916, P=0.027], with both statistically significant differences. In cycles with transfer of only one high-quality embryo, the clinical pregnancy rate [27.66% (26/94)] and the live birth rate [20.21% (19/94)] in group A were significantly higher than those in group B [13.54% (13/96), OR=0.347, 95% CI: 0.157-0.765, P=0.009; 10.42% (10/96), OR=0.407, 95% CI: 0.171-0.968, P=0.042], with both statistically significant differences. Conclusion:Fresh cycle embryo transfer can achieve better reproductive outcomes in elderly women with DOR, especially in patients older than 40 years, in single cleavage-stage embryo transfer cycles, or when only one high-quality embryo is available. Fresh cycle embryo transfer should be prioritized in these situations.

Objective:To investigate the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and normal ovarian reserve (NOR). Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on infertile women undergoing their first IVF-ET cycle in the Department of Reproductive Genetics, Zhengzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2018 to December 2023, including 318 PCOS patients (group P) and 528 NOR patients (group N). Each group was divided into three subgroups according to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels: severe deficiency [25(OH)D<12 μg/L], deficiency [12 μg/L≤25(OH)D<20 μg/L], and non-deficiency [25(OH)D≥20 μg/L]. The impact of vitamin D deficiency on pregnancy outcomes was analyzed in each group. 1∶1 propensity score matching was applied to match the baseline characteristics between group P and group N , resulting in 158 matched cases of PCOS (group P) and NOR (group N). Pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups under the same vitamin D status.Results:1) Among PCOS patients, there were no significant differences in general characteristics and pregnancy outcomes among the three subgroups (all P>0.05). The two pronuclei (2PN) rate in the severe deficiency subgroup [59.93% (721/1 203)] was significantly lower than that in the deficiency subgroup [63.70% (1 032/1 620)], with a statistically significant difference ( P=0.045), and both were lower than that in the non-deficiency subgroup [68.06% (554/814)], with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.001, P=0.037). There were no statistically significant differences in the number of oocytes retrieved and MⅡ oocytes, MⅡ oocyte rate, 2PN number, 2PN rate, cleavage number, cleavage rate, number of available embryos on day 3 (day 3, D3), number of high-quality embryos on D3, D3 high-quality embryo rate, clinical pregnancy rate, embryo implantation rate, early miscarriage rate, live birth rate, and premature birth rate among subgroups (all P>0.05). Female age ( OR=0.930, 95% CI: 0.871-0.992, P=0.028), endometrial thickness on the day of transfer ( OR=0.877, 95% CI: 0.791-0.971, P=0.012), number of D3 high-quality embryos ( OR=1.135, 95% CI: 1.050-1.228, P=0.001), and ovulation stimulating protocol ( OR=2.230, 95% CI: 1.153-4.314, P=0.017) were independent factors influencing clinical pregnancy. 2) Among NOR patients, there were no significant differences in general characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, laboratory parameters, or other outcome-related indices among the three subgroups (all P>0.05). Female age ( OR=0.944, 95% CI: 0.900-0.990, P=0.018), number of D3 high-quality embryos ( OR=1.070, 95% CI: 1.004-2.597, P=0.037), and number of transferred embryos ( OR=1.753, 95% CI: 1.184-2.597, P=0.005) were independent factors influencing clinical pregnancy. 3) After matching, there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics and pregnancy outcomes between group P and group N (all P>0.05). In the severe vitamin D deficiency state, group P had significantly lower MⅡ oocyte rate [76.64% (525/685)], 2PN rate [59.69% (345/578)], embryo implantation rate [35.71% (30/84)], and live birth rate [34.00% (17/50)] compared with group N [81.58% (465/570), P=0.033; 67.00% (335/500), P=0.013; 51.28% (40/78), P=0.046; 55.32% (26/47), P=0.035]. In the vitamin D deficiency state, the 2PN rate in group P [66.50% (532/800)] was significantly lower than that in group N [72.00% (725/1 007), P=0.012]. Conclusion:Vitamin D deficiency may adversely affect IVF-ET outcomes in patients with PCOS, with more pronounced effects in cases of severe deficiency. However, it has no impact on the assisted reproductive outcomes in NOR patients.