Objective: To explore the latent profile characteristics of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and its relationship with non-suicidal self-injurious (NSSI) behavior among junior and senior high school students, so as to provide a basis for effectively reducing NSSI behaviors. Methods: From April to October 2023, a total of 1 217 junior and senior high school students were selected from Tongren City, Zunyi City and Qiannan Prefecture of Guizhou Province by stratified cluster random sampling method. The Scale of Regulatory Emotional Self-efficacy and the Adolescent Self-injury Scale were administered. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to explore distinct profiles of regulatory emotional self-efficacy, and the Lanza, Tan, and Bray s method (LTB) was used to analyze the relationship between these profiles and NSSI behavior. Results: The prevalence rate of NSSI behavior among junior and senior high school students was 28.6%. Among males, regulatory emotional self-efficacy was categorized into two types: moderate positive expression-low negative management group (59.1%, n =353) and high efficacy group (40.9%, n =244); among females, regulatory emotional self-efficacy was classified into three categories: low efficacy group (18.4%, n =114), high positive expression-low negative management group (56.3%, n =349), and high efficacy group (25.3%, n =157). There were statistically significant differences in total NSSI scores across different potential categories of regulatory emotional self-efficacy within both males and females ( Z/H = -5.75 , 57.58, both P <0.01). The differences in NSSI prevalence rates across the potential categories of regulatory emotional self-efficacy were statistically significant for both males and females ( χ 2=38.00, 69.14, both P <0.01), and among females, the differences in NSSI prevalence rates between the high efficacy group and the low efficacy group ( χ 2=60.01) and between the high efficacy group and the high positive expression-low negative management group ( χ 2=31.34) were also statistically significant (both P < 0.016 7 ). Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared with the high efficacy group within each gender, the moderate positive expression-low negative management group among males ( OR =2.36), and both the low efficacy group and the high positive expression-low negative management group among females ( OR =6.19, 2.97), were at an increased risk of engaging in NSSI (all P <0.01). Conclusion Different latent profiles of regulatory emotional self efficacy among junior and senior high school students are associated with NSSI behavior.

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder characterized by persistent low mood or mental disorders. Current treatments primarily focus on regulating neurotransmitter levels， but their effectiveness is limited. The mechanisms underlying its onset are complex， and there is no unified consensus. Abnormal signaling pathway transmission plays a crucial role in the development of depression， involving multiple pathways， including Toll-like receptor 4/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 （TLR4/NLRP3）， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT）， mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase （MAPK/ERK）， brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B （BDNF/TrkB）， cyclic AMP/protein kinase A/cAMP response element-binding protein （cAMP/PKA/CREB）， and others. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） is based on a holistic approach and the principle of treatment based on the differentiation of syndromes， regulating the balance of multiple systems and organ functions from a macroscopic perspective. This approach has shown unique advantages in the treatment of depression. TCM attributes the onset of depression to dysfunction of the organ systems， involving liver Qi stagnation， heart spirit deficiency， kidney essence depletion， and spleen dysfunction. TCM compound treatments focus on soothing the liver， strengthening the spleen， calming the heart， and replenishing essence， with formulas such as Xiaoyaosan， Zishui Qinggan Yin， and Chahu Jia Guizhi Longgu Muli Tang. The active components of Chinese herbs mainly aim to tonify and regulate Qi， such as salidroside， ginsenoside Rb₁， astragaloside， and muscone. External TCM treatments， primarily acupuncture， aim to open the orifices and invigorate the spirit. Acupoints such as Baihui， Shenting， and Yintang are commonly used. Additionally， massage and moxibustion therapy can intervene in depression by regulating signaling pathways. This article reviews the core role of signaling pathways in the development of depression and the mechanism of TCM regulation of signaling pathways to intervene in depression， aiming to discover new therapeutic approaches that can improve the symptoms of depressed patients.

Psoriasis vulgaris is notoriously difficult to treat and prone to recurrence. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， however， has shown considerable efficacy in mitigating or suppressing such recurrence. The underlying reason lies in the TCM concept of "latent pathogens"， which are prone to be reactivated by external pathogenic factors， thereby triggering relapse. At the early stage of recurrence， manifestations of "latent fire" often appear externally. If treatment is not thorough， the condition may shift into a state of "stalemate between healthy Qi and pathogenic factors"， in which the disease appears on the skin but is rooted in deeper pathological layers， remaining unresolved and accumulating internally. Over time， blood stasis arises from fire， and the fire further congeals due to stasis， leading ultimately to recurrent flare-ups. This aligns with the modern immunological concept of "immunological memory" mediated by tissue-resident memory T cells （T_RM） in the skin， which corroborates the TCM view of "latent fire inducing blood stasis". The interaction between T_RM and keratinocytes （KC） parallels the entanglement of latent fire and latent stasis， both of which are deeply entrenched and difficult to resolve. The core pathogenesis of recurrent psoriasis vulgaris lies in "latent fire causing blood stasis". The hallmark is the deep concealment and persistence of latent fire and stasis， which linger and await an opportunity to reemerge. Based on this understanding， Xijiao Dihuangtang is employed to cool the blood， resolve stasis， and eliminate latent pathogens， and treatment is tailored according to the disease stage through three-phase syndrome differentiation. In the progressive stage， both exterior and interior are treated， with emphasis on clearing latent fire. In the stationary stage， the focus shifts to dispelling latent stasis and simultaneously regulating the Zang-fu organs. In the regressive stage， efforts are made to prevent the retention of latent pathogens and to strengthen healthy Qi. Accordingly， drugs effective in dispersing wind and clearing heat， pungent-moistening and dredging the collaterals， and tonifying deficiency and moistening dryness are often employed to achieve optimal outcomes. The precise mechanisms by which Xijiao Dihuangtang treats recurrent psoriasis vulgaris remain to be fully elucidated. Current research suggests it may intervene in the recurrence process through inhibiting KC proliferation via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and glycolysis， regulating the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cell balances to restore immune homeostasis， suppressing inflammatory cytokine production to alleviate the inflammatory response， modulating angiogenesis-related factors， such as vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGF-A） and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， to control disease progression， and restructuring the gut microbiota to modulate systemic immunity and thereby influence the course of disease recurrence.

ObjectiveTo explore the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal （HPG） axis by modified Erxian decoction in rats with perimenopausal syndrome （PMS） and to further analyze the expression of proteins related to the silent information regulator 1 （SIRT1）/hypothalamic kisspeptin （Kisspeptin）/gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） signaling pathway in the arcuate nucleus region （ARC） of the hypothalamus， so as to reveal the potential target of action and molecular biological mechanism of modified Erxian decoction for the treatment of perimenopausal syndrome. MethodsAn animal model was established via the incomplete castration method， with successful modeling confirmed by the exfoliated cervical cell smear method. The 48 rats were divided into six groups based on the randomization principle after successful modeling， including a sham operation group， a model group， an estradiol valerate group （0.09 mg∙kg^-1∙d^-1）， high-， medium-， and low-dose modified Erxian decoction groups （7.614， 3.807，1.903 5 g∙kg^-1∙d^-1）， with 8 rats in each group. The estradiol valerate group and the high-， medium- and low-dose modified Erxian decoction groups were continuously administered by gavage for 28 days， and the indicators were detected 24 hours after the last administration. Body weights and uterine indices were measured. The pathological changes of the uterus were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was performed to measure the levels of estradiol （E₂）， follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， and gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH）. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to determine the expression levels of SIRT1， Kisspeptin， kisspeptin receptor （GPR54）， and GnRH in the ARC region of the hypothalamus and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor （GnRH-R） in pituitary. ResultsCompared with the sham operation group， rats in the model group had a significantly increased body weight （P0.01）， reduced wet weight and index of uterus （P0.01）， endometrial thinning or atrophy， glandular atrophy， and a decreasing number of glands. Additionally， serum levels of E₂ and the expression of SIRT1 in the ARC region of the hypothalamus significantly decreased （P0.01）. Serum levels of FSH， LH， and GnRH， the expression of Kisspeptin， GPR54， and GnRH in the ARC region of the hypothalamus， and GnRH-R in pituitary significantly increased （P0.01）. Compared with the model group， the estradiol valerate group and the high-， medium-dose modified Erxian decoction groups had significantly reduced body weight， serum levels of FSH， LH， and GnRH， and expression of Kisspeptin， GPR54， and GnRH in the ARC region of the hypothalamus and GnRH-R in pituitary （P0.05， P0.01） and significantly increased wet weight and index of uterus， serum level of E₂， and expression of SIRT1 in the ARC region of the hypothalamus （P0.05， P0.01）. In addition， they showed thickened endometrium， increased number of endometrial glands， and improved glandular atrophy. ConclusionModified Erxian decoction regulates the function of the HPG axis through multi-targets， and its mechanism of action may be related to the up-regulation of the expression of SIRT1 in the ARC region of the hypothalamus， the inhibition of the over-activation of the Kisspeptin/GnRH signaling pathway， the regulation of the expression of GnRH-R in the pituitary， the restoration of secretion balance of gonadotropins， and the elevation of the estrogen level. This study provides an experimental basis for the interpretation of the scientific connotation of modified Erxian decoction in the treatment of perimenopausal syndrome and a theoretical reference for the development of a novel therapeutic strategy based on the SIRT1/Kisspeptin/GnRH pathway.

Objective:To investigate the effect of ginsenoside octanoate(Rh2-O)on inducing immunogenic cell death in hepa-tocellular carcinoma cells and its molecular mechanism.Methods:Effects of ginsenoside caprylate(Rh2-O)and autophagy inhibitor 3-MA on the activity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells were detected by CCK-8 assay.The effect of Rh2-O on CRT membrane eversion in Hepa1-6 cells were detected by immunofluorescence assay.Rh2-O treated mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells were used to pre-pare a tumor vaccine for in vivo vaccination experiments in mice.Extracellular ATP levels were detected in real-time.The expression of autophagy-related genes and proteins were measured by real-time fluorescence PCR and Western blot,and the mitochondrial morphol-ogy and co-localization with autophagy proteins were observed by laser confocal microscopy.Results:Rh2-O showed strong cytotoxicity to Hepa1-6 cells[cell viability:(58.54±3.56)%]at a concentration of 150 μmol/L,and a large amount of CRT was observed on the surface of the cell membrane.The tumor emergence rate was 36.36%in the vaccinated group and 100%in the control group.The tumor vaccine prepared by Rh2-O effectively protected mice from the same type of tumor attack;Rh2-O induced an increase in the level of cellular secreted ATP(P<0.05),the mRNA of autophagy-related genes ATG3,p62,LC3 expression levels and autophagy-associated proteins LC3A and LC3B expression levels were increased(P<0.05),and co-localization of mitochondria with autophagy proteins was significantly increased(P<0.05).In addition,Rh2-O action on 3-MA pretreated hepatocellular carcinoma cells resulted in a signifi-cant decrease in extracellular ATP levels(P<0.001).Conclusion:Rh2-O may induce immunogenic cell death by inducing autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Objective To investigate the ameliorative effect and potential mechanism of Cyclocaryae Paliuri Folium in sodium palmitate-induced lipid deposition in HepG2 cells.Methods The effect of sodium palmitate and lyophilized powder of Cyclocaryae Paliuri Folium on the viability of HepG2 cells was determined by the CCK-8 method to determine the subsequent dosage administered.The HepG2 cells were divided into blank group,model group,pioglitazone group and Cyclocaryae Paliuri Folium low-,medium-and high-dosage group,the lipid deposition model of HepG2 cells was established using 350 μmol/L sodium palmitate,the medication group were given pioglitazone and low-,medium-and high-dosage of Cyclocaryae Paliuri Folium(100,250,500 μg/mL)for 12 h respectively.The intracellular lipid deposition was observed by Nile red staining and BODIPY493/503 fluorescent probe staining,the content of TNF-α and IL-6 in supernatant of cell culture medium were detected by ELISA,Western blot was used to detect PI3K,Akt,sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1(SREBP-1),fatty acid synthase(FAS),Bcl-2,Bax protein expression,qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of adipose triglyceride lipase(ATGL)and CD36.Results Compared with the blank group,the lipid deposition of HepG2 cells in the model group increased,TNF-α and IL-6 contents in the supernatant of cell culture medium significantly increased(P<0.01),the protein expressions of p-PI3K,p-Akt,SREBP-1,FAS and Bax in cells significantly increased,while the protein expression of Bcl-2 significantly decreased(P<0.01),the mRNA expression of ATGL significantly decreased,and the mRNA expression of CD36 significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the intracellular lipid deposition of the pioglitazone group and Cyclocaryae Paliuri Folium groups improved to varying degrees,the contents of TNF-α and IL-6 in the cell supernatant decreased,the expressions of p-PI3K,p-Akt,SREBP-1,FAS and Bax proteins decreased,the expression of Bcl-2 protein increased,the expression of ATGL mRNA increased,and the expression of CD36 mRNA decreased,with statistical significance in pioglitazone group and Cyclocaryae Paliuri Folium high-dosage group(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Cyclocaryae Paliuri Folium may ameliorate sodium palmitate-induced lipid deposition in HepG2 model cells by modulating the PI3K/Akt/SREBP-1/FAS signaling pathway and affecting triacylglycerol metabolism.

Objective To explore the association between plasma fibrinogen(FBG)levels and the risk of in-hospital mortality among patients with septic shock.Methods The clinical data of 563 patients diagnosed with septic shock in the Intensive Care Unit(ICU)of Shenzhen Second People's Hospital from August 1,2018,to December 31,2020,were collected.Patient demographic information,basic vital signs,and blood routine and biochemical indices upon admission were gathered.Moreover,the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)scores were calculated.Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between plasma fibrinogen levels and in-hospital mortality in patients with septic shock.Additionally,a generalized additive model(GAM)and smoothed curve fitting were employed to investigate the nonlinear relationship between plasma fibrinogen and in-hospital mortality.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were constructed for FBG and APACHEⅡ scores to predict in-hospital mortality in septic shock patients.The area under the curve(AUC)was computed to compare the predictive efficacies of the two.Furthermore,a segmented linear regression model was utilized for quantification.Results Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation between plasma fibrinogen levels and in-hospital mortality among patients with septic shock(P<0.05).GAM modeling and smoothed curve fitting disclosed a nonlinear association between plasma fibrinogen levels and in-hospital mortality,with an inflection point at 5.54 g/L.The segmented linear regression model indicated that,to the left of the inflection point(FBG≤5.54 g/L),for every 1 g/L decrease in plasma fibrinogen,the risk of death increased by 24.5%(OR=0.755,P=0.003).Conversely,to the right of the inflection point(FBG>5.54 g/L),the relationship was not statistically significant(OR=1.049,P=0.685).The findings of the subgroup analyses indicated that the characteristics of the subgroups did not alter the relationship between blood fibrinogen levels and in-hospital mortality.Conclusion There is a nonlinear relationship between FBG levels and in-hospital mortality in patients with septic shock,which has predictive value for evaluating the risk of in-hospital mortality in this patient cohort.

Objective To investigate the effect of ubiquitin-specific peptidase(USP)44 and nuclear receptor co-inhibitor 1(NCOR1)expression on prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer.Methods A total of 98 pa-tients with non-small cell lung cancer admitted to a hospital from May 2019 to May 2021 were selected as the study objects,and non-small cell lung cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were collected to detect the expres-sion levels of USP44 and NCOR1 in these tissues by immunohistochemical staining.The relationship between USP44 and NCOR1 expression and pathological features of non-small cell lung cancer patients was analyzed,and the prognostic factors of non-small cell lung cancer patients were analyzed by multivariate Cox regression.Results The positive expression rates of USP44 and NCOR1 in non-small cell lung cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent tissues,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The positive expression rates of USP44 and NCOR1 in patients with medium-low differentiation,lymph node metastasis,clinical stageⅢ to Ⅳ,and pleural metastasis were higher than those in patients with highly differentiated,no lymph node metastasis,clinical stage Ⅰ to Ⅱ,and no pleural metastasis,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The 3-year overall survival rate of USP44 and NCOR1 negative non-small cell lung cancer patients was higher than that of USP44 and NCOR1 positive non-small cell lung cancer patients,and the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.05).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that pleural metastasis,USP44 positive and NCOR1 positive were prognostic factors in non-small cell lung cancer patients(P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of USP44 and NCOR1 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer can be used as biomarkers for prognosis assessment,and provide evidence for progression assessment and clinical de-cision making of non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective:To investigate the value of coronary CTA (CCTA)-based traditional features and radiomics of plaque in the identification of culprit lesions that caused acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods:This was a retrospective multicenter study. From July 2016 to November 2023, a total of 344 patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (training cohort, n=184), Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (validation cohort, n=88) and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (test cohort, n=72) who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to AMI and underwent CCTA within 48 hours of AMI were enrolled. The culprit plaques and non-culprit plaques were identified using a combination of electrocardiogram, CCTA, and angiographic findings. The vessel, plaque location, plaque type, Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) score, high-risk plaque characteristics, plaque length, plaque volume, and burden were analyzed, and 1 904 radiomics features were extracted for each plaque. The traditional imaging model, the radiomics model, and the combined model were established by using multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of each model in identifying culprit lesions. The DeLong test was used for the comparison of AUC between every two models. The net reclassification index (NRI) was used to evaluate the incremental value of the combined model to the traditional imaging model and the radiomics model. The decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical net benefit of these models. A correlation heatmap was used to evaluate the correlation between the radiomics score and traditional CCTA factors. The interpretable analysis of the decision process of the combined model was performed by the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Results:In the validation cohort and the test cohort, the AUC of the traditional imaging model developed by the vessel, plaque type, positive remodeling and CAD-RADS score was 0.898 (95% CI 0.869-0.922) and 0.881 (95% CI 0.848-0.910), respectively. The radiomics model developed by six radiomics features was 0.863 (95% CI 0.831-0.891) and 0.863 (95% CI 0.827-0.864), respectively. The AUC of the combined model was 0.930 (95% CI 0.905-0.950)and 0.919 (95% CI 0.889-0.942), respectively. In the validation cohort and the test cohort, the AUC of the combined model was higher than that of the traditional imaging model ( Z=4.013, 4.272, P<0.001) and that of the radiomics model ( Z=4.819, 3.784, P<0.001), respectively. In the validation cohort, the combined model yielded an NRI of 20.43% (95% CI 10.43%-30.44%, P<0.001) and 20.21% (95% CI 9.62%-30.80%, P<0.001) for identifying culprit lesions compared with the traditional imaging model and the radiomics model, respectively. In the test cohort, the combined model yielded an NRI of 28.05% (95% CI 16.72%-39.38%, P<0.001) and 23.57% (95% CI 13.58%-33.56%, P<0.001) for identifying culprit lesions compared with the traditional imaging model and the radiomics model, respectively. DCA showed the combined model had the highest clinical net benefit. The correlation heatmap showed the radiomics score was not correlated or only weakly correlated with traditional CCTA factors. SHAP indicated the radiomics and CAD-RADS score contributed significantly to the model. Conclusion:The CCTA-based traditional features and radiomics of plaque have favorable performance for the identification of culprit plaques in patients with AMI.

Objective To investigate the effects of Zuogui Jiangtang Tongmai Prescription on short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and G protein-coupled receptor 109A(GPR109A)in diabetic atherosclerotic mice;To explore its mechanism of improving diabetic atherosclerosis.Methods ApoE-/-mice were fed with high sugar and high fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish atherosclerosis model of diabetes.After modeling,the mice were randomly divided into the model group,Western medicine group(metformin hydrochloride+atorvastatin),and Zuogui Jiangtang Tongmai Prescription low-,medium-and high-dosage groups(19,38,76 g/kg);and the other C57BL/6J mice were set as the control group,with 6 mice in each group.Each group was given solution for gavage,once a day for 4 weeks.Blood glucose of the mice were detected,HE staining was used to observe the morphology of the aorta,TG,TC,LDL-C and HDL-C contents were detected by fully automated biochemistry analyzers,ELISA was used to detect the contents of serum HbA1c,fasting insulin(FINS),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,gas chromatography was used to detect the content of intestinal SCFAs,and RT qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of GPR109A in ileal tissue and nuclear factor(NF)-κB p65 in aortic tissue,respectively.Results Compared with the control group,obvious plaques and inflammatory cells infiltration were seen in the aorta of the model group,the blood glucose and serum HbA1c,TG,TC,LDL-C,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α contents increased(P<0.01),FINS and HDL-C content decreased(P<0.01),intestinal acetate,propionate,butyric acid,isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid contents decreased(P<0.01),GPR109A mRNA and protein expression in ileal tissue decreased,NF-κB p65 mRNA and protein expression in aortic tissue increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the aortic plaque area and inflammatory cells infiltration were significantly improved in each drug intervention group,the blood glucose and serum HbA1c,TG,TC,LDL-C,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α contents decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01);the FINS and HDL-C content increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),intestinal acetic,propionic,butyric acid,isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid contents increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),GPR109A mRNA and protein expression in ileal tissue increased and NF-κB p65 mRNA and protein expression in ileal tissue decreased decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Zuogui Jiangtang Tongmai Prescription can improve glucolipid metabolism and inflammatory response in diabetic atherosclerotic mice,which may be related to regulating SCFAs/GPR109A pathway.