Objective: To explore the intervention effects of different exercise modalities on executive function in school aged children, providing references for formulating exercise prescriptions to promote school aged children executive function. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and CBM to identify studies on the effects of exercises on executive function in school aged children. The search period spanned from the database inception to August 2025. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Network Meta analysis was performed using Stata 16.0. Results: A total of 51 studies involving 5 710 school aged children and seven modalities of exercises(control group,small ball sports,large ball sports,aerobic exercise,combined exercise,sport game,gymnastic and dance sports) were finally included. Network Meta analysis showed that, in terms of inhibitory control development of school aged children, small ball sports ( SMD =-0.98,95% CI =-1.32 to -0.64 ), large ball sports ( SMD =-0.64,95% CI =-0.91 to -0.36), and mixed sports ( SMD =-0.26,95% CI =-0.50 to -0.02]) were more effective than the control group; in terms of working memory, largeball sports ( SMD =-1.26,95% CI =-1.88 to -0.65) and small ball sports ( SMD =-0.91,95% CI =-1.64 to -0.19) were superior to the control group; in terms of improving cognitive flexibility, large ball sports ( SMD =-1.02,95% CI =-1.28 to -0.76), gymnastics and dance sports ( SMD =-0.80,95% CI =-1.21 to -0.40), and small ball sports ( SMD =-0.75,95% CI =-1.15 to -0.36) were more effective than the control group (all P <0.05). Surface under cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) showed that small ball sports had the highest value (SUCRA=98.9%) in improving inhibitory control, while large ball sports achieved the highest score(SUCRA=92.6%) in enhancing working memory, and large ball sports also had the highest value(SUCRA=94.7%) in promoting cognitive flexibility. Conclusions For developing inhibitory control in school aged children, small ball sports are recommended as a priority. For enhancing working memory and cognitive flexibility, large ball sports are recommended.

Objective: To understand the current situation and differences in physical activity among children and adolescents in different regions of China, so as to provide a scientific reference for promoting the level of overall physical activity promotion among children and adolescents in China. Methods: From June to December 2023, the student satisfaction assessment questionnaire for the national children and adolescents theme fitness activity "Run, Youth!" was conducted, which was administered via a combined online and offline questionnaire survey to explore 397 013 students participation in the "Run, Youth!" activity in 2023. Descriptive statistics, Logistic regression, and other approaches were utilized for data analysis. Results: There were notable disparities in the rates of children and adolescents meeting the physical activity standards among northeast China, northwest China, north China, east China, central China and southwest China (10.27%, 11.79%, 9.32%, 8.48%, 8.81%, 7.30%) ( χ 2=33.48, P <0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that rate of recommended level of physical activity among children in northwest China, boys, children aged 16-18, children in urban areas were relatively high ( OR =1.12, 1.68, 0.60, 1.88, P < 0.05 ). After adjusting for confounding factors, the results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that there was an interactive effect relationship between the interaction of region, age, gender, and urban-rural distribution and physical activity among children and adolescents ( OR=0.51, P <0.01). Based on gender analysis, weekly physical activity duration of boys in each region surpassed that of girls; based on age analysis, except for the central and southwestern regions, weekly physical activity duration of children and adolescents gradually increased with age in other regions; based on the proportion of urban and rural areas, weekly physical activity duration of children and adolescents in urban areas across all regions exceeded that in rural areas. Conclusions The attainment rate of sufficient physical activity among children and adolescents in northwest China is the highest, and the differences between regions are not significant. The participation and level of physical activity of male students in each region surpass those of females and the attainment rate of physical activity of physical activity of urban children and adolescents is higher than that of those in rural areas.

Objective:To explore the effects of mechanical factors on the morphology of the growth plate and proximal femur development, in order to provide a mechanical basis for the mechanism of Cam lesions in femoral acetabular impingement (FAI).Methods:Using CT scan data of hip joint from adolescents, we constructed three-dimensional finite element models of normal and extended proximal femoral epiphyseal growth plates. Dynamic mechanics and position data from daily activities (walk, stand on one and two feet, go upstairs and downstairs, sit and stand up, squat and stand up) and basketball layup drills were collected from five healthy volunteers using the Vicon system. The mean values of femoral head mechanical loads and positions at peak values, movement onset, and termination were selected for finite element analysis to observe the distribution of equivalent stress, normal stress, and shear stress on the two growth plate models under different activity modes.Results:Successful construction of three-dimensional finite element models for normal and extended proximal femoral epiphyseal growth plates was achieved. Mechanical load values and spatial positions of the femoral head during daily activities and layup movements were obtained. In daily activities, peak equivalent stress values for normal and extended growth plates ranged from 1.6 to 11.0 MPa; compressive stress ranged from 1.7 to 12.0 MPa; tensile stress ranged from 0.5 to 10.0 MPa; and shear force ranged from 0.4 to 7.1 MPa. The compressive stress during walking, standing on one or both feet, going up and down stairs, sitting and standing, and squatting was concentrated in the central and lateral areas; tensile stress was concentrated in the central and medial areas; shear force was concentrated in the medial area and the anterior and posterior edges of the growth plate. During a layup, the compressive stress in the center, outer upper side, and medial edge of the growth plate of the normal model was notably concentrated, with peaks fluctuating between 5.5-19.0 MPa, 5.7-11.0 MPa, and 5.4-7.3 MPa respectively; tensile stress and shear force were concentrated at the inner and outer edges as well as in the central area, with peaks fluctuating between 3.0-24.0 MPa and 3.0-26.0 MPa respectively, these values were significantly different from those observed during daily activities. For the elongated growth plate, compressive stress was concentrated at the central and lateral edges with peaks fluctuating between 17.0-41.0 MPa and 17.0-38.0 MPa respectively; simulated shear stress and tensile stress showed significant concentration at peaks fluctuating between 4.9-34.0 MPa, also significantly different from those observed during daily activities.Conclusion:The difference in mechanical distribution between daily activities, basketball layup training, as well as between normal and extended growth plates may be the mechanical initiating factor in the development of extended growth plates and the formation of Cam lesions, it may be the mechanical initiating factor for the development of extended growth plates and the collision of Cam lesions in FAI.

Objective:To explore the prospects of ovarian tissue oocyte- in vitro maturation (OTO-IVM) in fertility preservation for patients with malignancy. Methods:OTO-IVM outcomes from 27 malignant tumor patients who underwent fertility preservation in Reproductive Medicine Research Center of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from March 2017 to August 2022 were analyzed, including the number of mature oocytes (M II oocytes), maturation rate, and maturation time. The fertilization rate, the cleavage rate, and the embryonic development potential of IVM-derived M II were also analyzed. Further, the short-term use of gonadotropin (Gn) in OTO-IVM before ovarian tissue acquisition was initially explored. Results:After OTO-IVM, 81.48% (22/27) of patients had at least one M II oocyte, with a mean number of M II oocytes of 3.00 (1.50, 7.00) and a maturation rate of 38.81%. About 4.85% (13/268) of oocytes matured within 24 h; 14.93% (40/268) matured between 24 h and 36 h; 16.79% (45/268) matured between 36 h and 48 h, and only 2.24% (6/268) matured after 48 h. A total of 41 M II oocytes from 4 patients were fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), with a fertilization rate of 85.37% (35/41), cleavage rate of 94.29% (33/35), variable embryo rate of 54.29% (19/35), and high-quality embryo rate of 34.29% (12/35). The IVM rate was significantly higher in patients who used Gn than in those who did not [63.16% (48/76) vs. 29.17% (56/192), P<0.001]. Conclusion:OTO-IVM can be used as a complementary method for fertility preservation in oncology patients and obtain a certain number of oocytes and embryos. Short-term use of Gn before ovarian tissue acquisition can improve oocyte maturation rate, but further studies are needed to verify the value of Gn in OTO-IVM.

Objective:To explore the prospects of ovarian tissue oocyte- in vitro maturation (OTO-IVM) in fertility preservation for patients with malignancy. Methods:OTO-IVM outcomes from 27 malignant tumor patients who underwent fertility preservation in Reproductive Medicine Research Center of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from March 2017 to August 2022 were analyzed, including the number of mature oocytes (M II oocytes), maturation rate, and maturation time. The fertilization rate, the cleavage rate, and the embryonic development potential of IVM-derived M II were also analyzed. Further, the short-term use of gonadotropin (Gn) in OTO-IVM before ovarian tissue acquisition was initially explored. Results:After OTO-IVM, 81.48% (22/27) of patients had at least one M II oocyte, with a mean number of M II oocytes of 3.00 (1.50, 7.00) and a maturation rate of 38.81%. About 4.85% (13/268) of oocytes matured within 24 h; 14.93% (40/268) matured between 24 h and 36 h; 16.79% (45/268) matured between 36 h and 48 h, and only 2.24% (6/268) matured after 48 h. A total of 41 M II oocytes from 4 patients were fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), with a fertilization rate of 85.37% (35/41), cleavage rate of 94.29% (33/35), variable embryo rate of 54.29% (19/35), and high-quality embryo rate of 34.29% (12/35). The IVM rate was significantly higher in patients who used Gn than in those who did not [63.16% (48/76) vs. 29.17% (56/192), P<0.001]. Conclusion:OTO-IVM can be used as a complementary method for fertility preservation in oncology patients and obtain a certain number of oocytes and embryos. Short-term use of Gn before ovarian tissue acquisition can improve oocyte maturation rate, but further studies are needed to verify the value of Gn in OTO-IVM.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of autologous transplantation of frozen-thawed ovarian tissue to induce pubertal development in adolescent females.Methods:Before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patient with severe β-thalassemia, 11 pieces of ovarian tissue were frozen in the Center of Reproductive Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in 2019. The patient was diagnosed as premature ovarian failure after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. There were no signs of puberty development and menarche. Orthotopic ovarian tissue transplantation was performed for the patient through laparoscopy, and a total of 5 pieces of ovarian tissue were transplanted on January 20, 2022. Postoperatively, we followed up the sex hormone levels, growth and development of the patients and menarche.Results:The patient developed menarche 5 months after ovarian transplantation. The levels of sex hormones showed that follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were significantly decreased, and estradiol levels were significantly increased, indicating that ovarian tissue transplantation was successful, and follicles had begun to recruit and develop. The patient's ultrasonography revealed a markedly enlarged uterus and a thickened endometrium. Antral follicles were detected in the left implantation site of pelvic cavity.Conclusion:Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is recommended for fertility preservation in prepubertal children. Autologous frozen-thawed ovarian tissue transplantation can induce natural puberty development and restore the reproductive endocrine function in children with ovarian failure, delayed puberty development or even stagnation.

Objective:To explore the methods of fertility preservation in prepubertal patients with thalassemia major (TM), and to provide further data support for the fertility preservation in prepubertal patients with hematologic diseases.Methods:A case of a prepubertal patient with TM who required urgent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) receiving ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) and in vitro maturation (IVM) to preserve fertility was reported, and the timing, the indications and strategies of fertility preservation in prepubertal girls with thalassemia were discussed in combination with related literature. Results:After ovarian tissue extraction, a total of 24 cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and 11 ovarian cortex pieces were obtained through puncture and aspiration. After IVM for 48 h, a total of 9 M Ⅱ oocytes were frozen by vitrification. Conclusion:For the prepubertal girls facing HSCT urgently, cryopreserving ovarian tissue in combination with retrieving immature oocytes followed by IVM can preserve the fertility of patients to the greatest extent in a short period of time, as well as improve the therapeutic effect of fertility preservation in patients.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of autologous transplantation of frozen-thawed ovarian tissue to induce pubertal development in adolescent females.Methods:Before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patient with severe β-thalassemia, 11 pieces of ovarian tissue were frozen in the Center of Reproductive Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in 2019. The patient was diagnosed as premature ovarian failure after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. There were no signs of puberty development and menarche. Orthotopic ovarian tissue transplantation was performed for the patient through laparoscopy, and a total of 5 pieces of ovarian tissue were transplanted on January 20, 2022. Postoperatively, we followed up the sex hormone levels, growth and development of the patients and menarche.Results:The patient developed menarche 5 months after ovarian transplantation. The levels of sex hormones showed that follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were significantly decreased, and estradiol levels were significantly increased, indicating that ovarian tissue transplantation was successful, and follicles had begun to recruit and develop. The patient's ultrasonography revealed a markedly enlarged uterus and a thickened endometrium. Antral follicles were detected in the left implantation site of pelvic cavity.Conclusion:Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is recommended for fertility preservation in prepubertal children. Autologous frozen-thawed ovarian tissue transplantation can induce natural puberty development and restore the reproductive endocrine function in children with ovarian failure, delayed puberty development or even stagnation.

Objective:To explore the methods of fertility preservation in prepubertal patients with thalassemia major (TM), and to provide further data support for the fertility preservation in prepubertal patients with hematologic diseases.Methods:A case of a prepubertal patient with TM who required urgent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) receiving ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) and in vitro maturation (IVM) to preserve fertility was reported, and the timing, the indications and strategies of fertility preservation in prepubertal girls with thalassemia were discussed in combination with related literature. Results:After ovarian tissue extraction, a total of 24 cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and 11 ovarian cortex pieces were obtained through puncture and aspiration. After IVM for 48 h, a total of 9 M Ⅱ oocytes were frozen by vitrification. Conclusion:For the prepubertal girls facing HSCT urgently, cryopreserving ovarian tissue in combination with retrieving immature oocytes followed by IVM can preserve the fertility of patients to the greatest extent in a short period of time, as well as improve the therapeutic effect of fertility preservation in patients.

Objective:To study the effect of glucosamine combined with sodium hyaluronate on serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD).Methods:In a prospective design, patients with KBD admitted to South Hospital of Yantaishan Hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were selected and divided into control, observation, and replacement groups. The control group was treated with glucosamine sulfate, the observation group was treated with intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate on the basis of the control group, and the replacement group was treated with artificial knee arthroplasty. The clinical efficacy, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) of the three groups were compared before treatment, 6 weeks and 6 months after treatment. Blood samples were collected from the patients, and the serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to compare the serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the three groups before treatment, 6 weeks and 6 months after treatment.Results:The age of patients in the control group was (53.76 ± 7.33) years old, including 19 males and 23 females. The age of patients in the observation group was (54.18 ± 7.06) years old, including 20 males and 22 females. The age of the replacement group was (55.17 ± 6.43) years old, including 17 males and 13 females. The total effective rate in observation group (92.86%, 39/42) was significantly higher than that of the control group (76.19%, 32/42, χ 2 = 4.459, P < 0.05). At 6 weeks and 6 months after treatment, the VAS scores in the observation group [(4.10 ± 1.21), (3.16 ± 0.95) points] were significantly lower than those in the control group [(5.48 ± 1.17), (4.06 ± 0.74) points, P < 0.05]; at 6 weeks after treatment, the VAS score in the replacement group [(3.28 ± 0.89) points] was significantly lower than that in the observation group ( P < 0.05). At 6 weeks and 6 months after treatment, the WOMAC scores in the observation group [(40.72 ± 4.19, 25.86 ± 3.02) points] were significantly lower than those in the control group [(48.29 ± 2.16), (36.81 ± 3.13) points, P < 0.05]; the WOMAC scores in the replacement group [(29.68 ± 4.22), (23.57 ± 3.86) points] were significantly lower than those of the observation group ( P < 0.05). The serum levels of IL-1β [(9.28 ± 2.74), (6.85 ± 2.27) pg/ml] and TNF-α [(12.66 ± 4.54), (10.34 ± 3.48) pg/ml] in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(12.78 ± 2.79), (10.36 ± 2.63), (15.51 ± 4.63), (14.64 ± 4.27) pg/ml, P < 0.05], the serum levels of IL-1β [(6.12 ± 3.55), (5.39 ± 2.23) pg/ml], TNF-α [(10.42 ± 3.13) , (8.19 ± 3.15) pg/ml] in the replacement group were significantly lower than those in the observation group at 6 weeks and 6 months after treatment ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Glucosamine combined with intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate can relieve inflammation, improve pain and promote joint function recovery in patients with KBD, but there is still a certain gap compared with knee arthroplasty.