Solanum nigrum is a traditional Chinese herb widely distributed in China. It is rich in active ingredients such as alkaloids and saponins， and has shown remarkable hepatoprotective effects and various mechanisms in the treatment of various liver diseases. It can prevent and treat chemical liver injury through anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， gut microbiota-regulating， and anti- fibrotic pathways. In the prevention and treatment of fatty liver disease， it can regulate lipid metabolism， inhibit lipogenesis， and promote fat degradation. It has potential antiviral activity against viral hepatitis. By inducing tumor cell apoptosis， arresting the cell cycle， and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and metastasis and so on， it plays a role in the prevention and treatment of liver cancer. Clinically， S. nigrum has been used in the treatment of liver cancer and liver fibrosis after chronic hepatitis B， showing good efficacy and high safety. Future research should focus on further elucidating its mechanisms of action and promoting the development and application of new drugs， in order to benefit more patients with liver diseases.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.08.006.].

Objective To investigate the serological and molecular characteristics of twenty blood samples carrying ABO?AW.37 allele and to analyze ABO allelic enhancement.Methods The ABO phenotype of the twenty samples was de-termined by serological methods and the genotype of 1-7 ABO exons was analyzed by Sanger sequencing.Results Sequen-cing analysis showed that all twenty samples contained a c.940A>G(p.Lys314Glu)mutation of A allele,which was defined as ABO?AW.37.When ABO?AW.37 and B alleles were inherited simultaneously in 9 cases,in forward typing anti-A anti-bodies all agglutinated and the serological phenotype was Aw B.Among the 11 cases with ABO?AW.37 and O alleles inherited simultaneously,there was no agglutination of anti-A in forward typing.For absorption and elution tests,5 cases were weakly positive and the serological phenotype was Ael,while 6 cases were negative for absorption and elution tests and the serologi-cal phenotype was O type.Conclusion Allelic enhancement occured when both ABO?AW.37 allele and B allele were in-herited simultaneously.When ABO? AW.37 was inherited simultaneously with O allele,the serological phenotype was Aelor O type and attention should be paid to blood type identification.

Following the principles of evidence-based medicine,in accordance with the structure and drafting rules of standardized documents,based on literature research,according to the characteristics of chronic cough in children and issues that need to form a consensus,the TCM Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children was formulated based on the Delphi method,expert discussion meetings,and public solicitation of opinions.The guideline includes scope of application,terms and definitions,eti-ology and diagnosis,auxiliary examination,treatment,prevention and care.The aim is to clarify the optimal treatment plan of Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease,and to provide guidance for improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in children with Chinese medicine.

Objective:Explore the feasibility and advantages of using proximal and distal ends of thoracodosal artery and vein as recipient vessels in deep inferior epigastric perforator flap immediate breast reconstruction.Methods:The clinical data of patients who underwent breast reconstruction surgery using the proximal and distal ends of the thoracodorsal vein as recipient vessels at the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from March 2022 to June 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Preoperative examinations included thoracoabdominal angiography and color Doppler ultrasonic localization of the main trunk and perforators of the inferior epigastric vessels. The procedure began with mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection, followed by the isolation of bilateral perforators and the main trunk of the abdominal flap. The main trunks of the bilateral inferior epigastric arteries were then transected, and their vascular pedicles exposed and anastomosed respectively to the proximal and distal ends of the thoracodorsal artery and vein. Both arteries and veins were joined end-to-end. The flap after trimming and reconstruction was then implanted into the cavity left after mastectomy through the incision. Breast positioning was performed with the patient in a knee-bent and hip-flexed position. After adjusting the shape of the reconstructed breast. The donor site was closed, the umbilicus was reconstructed, drainage tubes were placed, and the breast incision was closed. Postoperative follow-up monitored complications associated with the flap and patient satisfaction with the breast reconstruction, utilizing a self-assessment method.Results:Four female patients were included, aged (46.0±6.5) years, ranging from 37 to 52 years. All four patients had bilateral vascular pedicles in the donor area, with three patients having thoracodorsal vessels at the distal and proximal ends as recipient vessels, and one patient having anterior serratus branch of the thoracodorsal vessels at the distal and proximal ends. All drainage tubes were removed within 7 to 10 days after surgery. Patients were discharged. Follow-up period ranged from 1 to 15 months, averaging 6 months. The patients recovered well postoperatively, with no flap-related complications occurring. All four patients were satisfied with the result of the reconstruction.Conclusion:The simultaneous application of the proximal and distal ends of the thoracodorsal artery and vein can ensure the safety of flap survival while reducing damage to the ribs and intercostal muscles, achieving better aesthetic result.

Objective:Explore the feasibility and advantages of using proximal and distal ends of thoracodosal artery and vein as recipient vessels in deep inferior epigastric perforator flap immediate breast reconstruction.Methods:The clinical data of patients who underwent breast reconstruction surgery using the proximal and distal ends of the thoracodorsal vein as recipient vessels at the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from March 2022 to June 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Preoperative examinations included thoracoabdominal angiography and color Doppler ultrasonic localization of the main trunk and perforators of the inferior epigastric vessels. The procedure began with mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection, followed by the isolation of bilateral perforators and the main trunk of the abdominal flap. The main trunks of the bilateral inferior epigastric arteries were then transected, and their vascular pedicles exposed and anastomosed respectively to the proximal and distal ends of the thoracodorsal artery and vein. Both arteries and veins were joined end-to-end. The flap after trimming and reconstruction was then implanted into the cavity left after mastectomy through the incision. Breast positioning was performed with the patient in a knee-bent and hip-flexed position. After adjusting the shape of the reconstructed breast. The donor site was closed, the umbilicus was reconstructed, drainage tubes were placed, and the breast incision was closed. Postoperative follow-up monitored complications associated with the flap and patient satisfaction with the breast reconstruction, utilizing a self-assessment method.Results:Four female patients were included, aged (46.0±6.5) years, ranging from 37 to 52 years. All four patients had bilateral vascular pedicles in the donor area, with three patients having thoracodorsal vessels at the distal and proximal ends as recipient vessels, and one patient having anterior serratus branch of the thoracodorsal vessels at the distal and proximal ends. All drainage tubes were removed within 7 to 10 days after surgery. Patients were discharged. Follow-up period ranged from 1 to 15 months, averaging 6 months. The patients recovered well postoperatively, with no flap-related complications occurring. All four patients were satisfied with the result of the reconstruction.Conclusion:The simultaneous application of the proximal and distal ends of the thoracodorsal artery and vein can ensure the safety of flap survival while reducing damage to the ribs and intercostal muscles, achieving better aesthetic result.

Hepatic encephalopathy is a clinical syndrome of central nervous system dysfunction caused by liver insufficiency.It severely affects the quality of life of patients and may lead to death.Accurate prediction of the risk of developing hepatic encephalopathy is crucial for early intervention and treatment.In order to identify the risk of hepatic encephalopathy in patients in advance,many studies have been devoted to efforts to develop tools and methods to identify the risk of hepatic encephalopathy as early as possible,so as to develop preventive and early management strategies.Most conventional hepatic encephalopathy risk prediction models currently assess the prob-ability of a patient developing hepatic encephalopathy by analysing factors such as clinical data and biochemical indicators,however,their accuracy,sensitivity and positive predictive value are not high.The application of artificial intelligence to clinical predictive modelling is a very hot and promising area,which can use large amounts of data and complex algorithms to improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis and prognosis.To date,there have been few studies using AI techniques to predict hepatic encephalopathy.Therefore,this paper reviews the research progress of hepatic encephalopathy risk prediction models,and also discusses the prospect of AI application in hepatic encephalopathy risk prediction models.It also points out the challenges and future research directions of AI in HE risk prediction model research in order to promote the development and clinical application of hepatic encephalopathy risk prediction models.

The application of digital technology in teaching and clinical practice has been hindered by the lack of integrity,consis-tency and accuracy in current digital models.Despite the efforts of domestic and international scholars,the localization,refining and standardization of model data for digital dental models remain inadequate,which limits the promotion and application of digital dental models.A preliminergly produced precise,standardized and multi-form applicable 3D dental-cranio-cervical digital model based on Chinese anatomical data is reported in this paper.The further improvement,application and promotion of this model are expected to contribute to the improvement of the quality of dental education and clinical efficiency.

Objective:To estimate the costs of dementia from a societal perspective in Tongliao City and ex-plore the influencing factors of these costs.Methods:Dementia was diagnosed using the 10/66 Dementia Research Group assessment instruments.Data on healthcare utilization,caregiver's care time or costs,and the distress due to caregiving were collected.The cost-proportion conversion method was used to estimate the per capita cost of health services based on data from the National Statistical Yearbook.The human capital approach was used to estimate the unit value of informal care time,and the willingness-to-pay method was used to measure the intangible costs of car-egivers.The total societal costs of dementia were calculated based on the reference year 2023,and a two-part model was employed to analyze the factors influencing the societal costs.Results:A total of 390 dementia patients were di-agnosed,with an average societal cost per capita of 117 877 Yuan.The largest cost component was informal care provided by unpaid family members,accounting for 73.1％of the total societal cost.The societal costs for female patients were 61 395 Yuan higher than those for male patients.Patients with comorbid stroke had a higher societal cost of 63 008 Yuan compared to patients without stroke,and each additional chronic disease added 5 868 Yuan to societal costs.Additionally,each non-memory dimension impairment in the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale in-creased the societal costs by 53 997 Yuan.Conclusion:Dementia poses a significant socio-economic burden,with informal care being the major component of this burden.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of cartilage injury and inflammation in the WHBE rabbit KOA model and the effect of platelet-rich fibrin releasates(PRFr)treatment on the KOA process,we established a WHBE rabbit KOA model by excision of medial collateral and partial patellar ligaments and administered a PRFr solution.Methods Twenty-four WHBE rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:normal control(NC)group(n=6),model(KOA)group(n=12),and cure(PRFr)group(n=6).KOA and PRFr groups were injected with 0.5 mL saline and PRFr into both joint cavities on 7 and 14 postoperative days,respectively.At 4 and 8 weeks of modeling,the knee joint grade scoring,X-ray imaging,and gross scoring were performed.Serum levels of IL-1β,TNF-α,and MMP-13 were measured by ELISA.At 4 weeks,6 animals in the KOA group were euthanized,and at 8 weeks,the remaining animals in each group were euthanized.Pathological sections were prepared after decalcification,and then HE,toluidine blue,and safranin O-fast green staining and immunohistochemical analysis of TGF-β,BMP3,and NF-κB were conducted.Results The Lequesne MG behavioral score,Mankin's score,and Pelletier score of WHBE rabbits after the operation were significantly increased compared with the NC group(P＜0.01).Pathological observations revealed surface defects of the cartilage and partial loss of chondrocytes.These result indicated that the KOA model was established successfully.In KOA rabbits,knee joint swelling,joint pain stimulation,and movement limitation were obvious.X-rays showed a high-density soft tissue shadow,indicating more joint effusion and a rough articular surface in general.After PRFr treatment,the serum levels of proinflammatory factors IL-1β,TNF-α,and MMP-13 in KOA model rabbits were significantly reversed(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Additionally,the cartilage surface became smooth,and most chondrocytes were neatly distributed.Expression levels of TGF-β,BMP3,and NF-κB induced by KOA were also significantly decreased(P＜0.01).Conclusions We successfully established a KOA model in WHBE rabbits,and PRFr improved the cartilage injury and inflammation of the WHBE rabbit KOA model through TGF-β/BMP and NF-κB pathways.