The Compilation Instructions for Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Dieda Huoxue capsules systematically expound the development methods and evidence-based basis of this consensus. In view of the weak clinical application evidence and ambiguous indications of Dieda Huoxue capsules， the Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Wangjing Hospital took the lead and collaborated with 33 experts from 28 medical institutions nationwide. They strictly followed the World Health Organization （WHO） guideline-making norms and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment， Development and Evaluations （GRADE） evidence-grading system and completed the compilation through multidisciplinary cooperation. The workflow included constructing clinical questions （19 items were screened by the nominal group technique）， retrieving evidence （from Chinese and English databases and grey literature）， assessing safety （integrating drug monitoring data and clinical investigations）， and forming recommendations and consensus suggestions （3 recommendations were reached via the GRADE grid method， and 16 consensus suggestions were reached by the majority vote rule）. The results indicate that the consensus clearly states that this medicine （Dieda Huoxue capsules） is applicable to conditions like traumatic injury， blood stasis-induced pain， and sudden lumbar sprains. The recommended dose is 6 capsules each time， twice a day. Combining oral administration with external application can enhance the efficacy， and elderly patients should take the medicine at intervals. Safety monitoring suggests that it should be used with caution in people with a bleeding tendency and those with an allergic constitution. The compilation process involved three rounds of reviews by internal and external experts. Literature analysis， the Delphi method， and clinical applicability tests were employed to ensure methodological rigor. The compilation instructions comprehensively present key aspects such as project approval and registration， conflict-of-interest statements， and evidence evaluation through 12 appendices， providing methodological support for the clinical translation of the consensus. In the future， it will be continuously improved through a dynamic revision mechanism.

Abstract In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has risen rapidly, posing a serious threat to their physical and mental health. To provide scientific, systematic, and standardized weight management guidance for overweight and obese children and adolescents, the study focuses on the core concept of healthy lifestyle intervention, integrates multidisciplinary expert opinions and research findings,and proposes a comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention framework covering scientific exercise intervention, precise nutrition and diet, optimized sleep management, and standardized psychological support. It calls for the establishment of a multi agent collaborative management mechanism led by the government, implemented by families, fostered by schools, initiated by individuals, optimized by communities, reinforced by healthcare, and coordinated by multiple stakeholders. Emphasizing a child and adolescent centered approach, the consensus advocates for comprehensive, multi level, and personalized guidance strategies to promote the internalization and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle. It serves as a reference and provides recommendations for the effective prevention and control of overweight and obesity, and enhancing the health level of children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of influenza A and influenza B viruses infections in the children aged between 0 and 14 years old after COVID-19 was downgraded to category B management of infectious diseases.METHODS From Jan.2023 to Feb.2024,a total of 2349 children aged between 0 and 14 years old who were treated in Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Capital Medical University due to influenza-like symptoms of infection and received nucleic acid testing for influenza A and influenza B viruses were recruited as the research subjects.The gender and age of the children as well as the seasons were observed by chi-square test.RESULTS Totally 2349 children were included in the study,and the total positive rate of influenza was 49.85％(1171/2349);the positive rate of influenza A virus was 36.36％(854/2349),the positive rate of influenza B virus was 13.92％(327/2349),and the positive rate of the mixed infections of influenza A virus and influenza B virus was 0.43％(10/2349).The positive rate of influenza A of the girls was the highest(44.17％)(x2=8.980,P=0.011)among the children aged less than 5 years old;the positive rate of influenza B of the boys was the highest(17.19％)(x2=8.378,P=0.015)among the children aged between 5 and 10 years old.There was significant difference in the positive rate of influenza A virus among the seasons in 2023 to 2024(x2=268.12,P＜0.001);the prevalence rate was 60.93％in spring,44.40％in autumn,22.01％in winter.There was significant difference in the positive rate of influenza B virus among the seasons in 2023 to 2024(x2=373.16,P＜0.001),and the preva-lence rate was 25.44％in winter.CONCLUSIONS The influenza viruses are prevalent in spring,autumn and winter from 2023 to 2024,and the influenza A is dominant.The positive rate of influenza viruses shows an upward trend among the children aged between 0 and 14 years old after the COVID-19 is downgraded to category B management of infectious diseases,with the peak of prevalence lagging behind.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of influenza A and influenza B viruses infections in the children aged between 0 and 14 years old after COVID-19 was downgraded to category B management of infectious diseases.METHODS From Jan.2023 to Feb.2024,a total of 2349 children aged between 0 and 14 years old who were treated in Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Capital Medical University due to influenza-like symptoms of infection and received nucleic acid testing for influenza A and influenza B viruses were recruited as the research subjects.The gender and age of the children as well as the seasons were observed by chi-square test.RESULTS Totally 2349 children were included in the study,and the total positive rate of influenza was 49.85％(1171/2349);the positive rate of influenza A virus was 36.36％(854/2349),the positive rate of influenza B virus was 13.92％(327/2349),and the positive rate of the mixed infections of influenza A virus and influenza B virus was 0.43％(10/2349).The positive rate of influenza A of the girls was the highest(44.17％)(x2=8.980,P=0.011)among the children aged less than 5 years old;the positive rate of influenza B of the boys was the highest(17.19％)(x2=8.378,P=0.015)among the children aged between 5 and 10 years old.There was significant difference in the positive rate of influenza A virus among the seasons in 2023 to 2024(x2=268.12,P＜0.001);the prevalence rate was 60.93％in spring,44.40％in autumn,22.01％in winter.There was significant difference in the positive rate of influenza B virus among the seasons in 2023 to 2024(x2=373.16,P＜0.001),and the preva-lence rate was 25.44％in winter.CONCLUSIONS The influenza viruses are prevalent in spring,autumn and winter from 2023 to 2024,and the influenza A is dominant.The positive rate of influenza viruses shows an upward trend among the children aged between 0 and 14 years old after the COVID-19 is downgraded to category B management of infectious diseases,with the peak of prevalence lagging behind.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Zhuanyaotang Granules for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis(DLSS).Methods Using a randomized double blind controlled design,104 DLSS patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table method,with 52 patients in each group.The treatment group took oral Zhuanyaotang Granules,methylcobalamin tablets and celecoxib capsule simulants.The control group used Zhuanyaotang Granules simulants,methylcobalamin tablets and celecoxib capsules.The course of treatment was 3 weeks for both groups.The follow-ups were conducted at 1 month and 3 months after treatment.The intermittent claudication distance,visual analogue scale(VAS)score and JOA efficacy rating criteria for low back pain score were observed in both groups before treatment,1,2,3 weeks of treatment and 1 month after treatment and 3 months after treatment.Adverse reactions during treatment were recorded.Results There were 5 cases of detachment and 2 cases of exclusion in the experimental group,and 5 cases of detachment and 1 case of exclusion in the control group.Compared with before treatment,there were statistically significant differences in intermittent claudication distance,VAS score,and JOA score between the two groups of patients at various time points during treatment and follow-up(P<0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in intermittent claudication distance,VAS score,and JOA score between the experimental group and the control group before treatment and 1 and 2 weeks of treatment(P>0.05);compared with the two groups at 3 weeks of treatment and 1 and 3 months after treatment,the intermittent claudication distance and JOA score in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);There was no significant difference in VAS score between the two groups and the control group after 3 weeks of treatment(P>0.05).There were 2 adverse reactions(4.4%)in the experimental group and 5 adverse reactions(10.8%)in the control group,without statistical significance(P>0.05).Conclusion Zhuanyaotang Granules can effectively relieve pain and improve lumbar function in patients with DLSS,which is more effective and safer than oral celecoxib capsules and methylcobalamin tablets.

Objective:To analyze the current situation of myopia and its related factors among primary school students in a certain district of Beijing City in 2022, and provide a basis for the risk assessment of myopia among primary school students.Method:In June 2022, a cluster sampling method was used to include 376 third-grade students from a primary school in a certain district of Beijing. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect basic information about students, including eye usage habits, reading and writing postures, and parents′ myopia conditions. The examination of students′ distant visual acuity and refractive status was performed. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of myopia occurrence.Results:The age of 376 primary school students was (8.87±0.417) years old, with 48.40% (182) being male. A total of 196 myopia cases were identified, with a myopia rate of 52.13%. The results of the multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that students who sometimes read while lying down ( OR=2.003, 95% CI: 1.128-3.555), often read while lying down ( OR=18.853, 95% CI: 4.512-78.778), had outdoor activity time less than 120 minutes per day ( OR=4.937, 95% CI: 2.4464-9.892), were engaged in indoor break activities ( OR=4.995, 95% CI: 2.773-8.996), performed eye exercises less than once per day ( OR=8.710, 95% CI: 4.464-16.995), had a reading distance from the book less than 30 cm ( OR=5.098, 95% CI: 2.410-10.787), occasionally maintained a fist distance from the edge of the desk ( OR=1.918, 95% CI: 1.086-3.385), and had high school desks and tables ( OR=5.325, 95% CI: 1.465-19.359) could have a higher risk of myopia occurrence, compared with those who never read while lying down, had outdoor activity time more than 120 minutes per day, maintained outdoor break activities, performed eye exercises more than once per day, had a reading distance from the book more than 30 cm, always maintained a fist distance from the edge of the desk, and had short school desks and tables. Conclusion:The incidence rate of myopia among primary school students in a certain district of Beijing City. in 2022 is relatively high. The occurrence of myopia is related to insufficient outdoor activity time and poor eye usage habits.

Objective　To understand the impact of early and timely treatment and initial antiviral treatment regimen on mortality and attrition of antiretroviral therapy. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using download data on antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected patients in Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province, from the database of the Basic Information System for AIDS Control and Prevention (BISAC) from 2010 to 2020. The Cox proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of mortality and attrition. Results A total of 15 713 infected patients were included, including 53.4% aged 18-<50 years, 69.4% male, 61.0% farmer, 75.1% CD4 count <350 cells /μL before initial antiviral treatment, the overall mortality rate was 4.30/100 person-years, and the overall attrition was 2.42/100 person-years. The results of Cox regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of mortality were pretreatment CD4 counts of 350-<500 cells/μL(AHR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.63-0.81) and ≥500 cells/μL (AHR= 0.64, 95%CI: 0.55-0.76); duration from diagnosis to initial antiviral treatment 91-180 days (AHR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.08-1.45), 181-365 days (AHR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.08-1.47), and ≥365 days (AHR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.11-1.44); initial antiviral treatment regimens of D4T+3TC+EFV/NVP (AHR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.32-1.63) and AZT/D4T/TDF+3TC+LPV/r (AHR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.50-1.99). Factors affecting attrition were pretreatment CD4 counts of 350-499 cells/μL (AHR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.16-1.50) and ≥500 cells/μL (AHR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.10-1.50); interval from HIV positivity confirmation to initial dosing ≥365 days (AHR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.04-1.40), initial antiviral treatment regimens of TDF+3TC+NVP (AHR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.13-1.55), AZT+3TC+EFV/NVP (AHR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.26-1.62) and AZT/D4T/TDF+3TC+LPV/r (AHR=1.33, 95CI%: 1.06-1.67). Conclusions　Early and timely treatment and the initial antiviral treatment regimen of TDF+3TC+EFV have good efficacy, but attention should be paid to the high risk of attrition of HIV-infected people with high CD4 count before treatment.

Objective:To analyze the current situation of myopia and its related factors among primary school students in a certain district of Beijing City in 2022, and provide a basis for the risk assessment of myopia among primary school students.Method:In June 2022, a cluster sampling method was used to include 376 third-grade students from a primary school in a certain district of Beijing. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect basic information about students, including eye usage habits, reading and writing postures, and parents′ myopia conditions. The examination of students′ distant visual acuity and refractive status was performed. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of myopia occurrence.Results:The age of 376 primary school students was (8.87±0.417) years old, with 48.40% (182) being male. A total of 196 myopia cases were identified, with a myopia rate of 52.13%. The results of the multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that students who sometimes read while lying down ( OR=2.003, 95% CI: 1.128-3.555), often read while lying down ( OR=18.853, 95% CI: 4.512-78.778), had outdoor activity time less than 120 minutes per day ( OR=4.937, 95% CI: 2.4464-9.892), were engaged in indoor break activities ( OR=4.995, 95% CI: 2.773-8.996), performed eye exercises less than once per day ( OR=8.710, 95% CI: 4.464-16.995), had a reading distance from the book less than 30 cm ( OR=5.098, 95% CI: 2.410-10.787), occasionally maintained a fist distance from the edge of the desk ( OR=1.918, 95% CI: 1.086-3.385), and had high school desks and tables ( OR=5.325, 95% CI: 1.465-19.359) could have a higher risk of myopia occurrence, compared with those who never read while lying down, had outdoor activity time more than 120 minutes per day, maintained outdoor break activities, performed eye exercises more than once per day, had a reading distance from the book more than 30 cm, always maintained a fist distance from the edge of the desk, and had short school desks and tables. Conclusion:The incidence rate of myopia among primary school students in a certain district of Beijing City. in 2022 is relatively high. The occurrence of myopia is related to insufficient outdoor activity time and poor eye usage habits.

Objective Zhuanyao decoction is a traditional Chinese herbal compound prescription orignated from Bianzhenglu in Ming Dynasty;Baizhu Zhuanyao decoction(BZZYD),adding spatholobus suberectus,sappanwood,and cyathula root,is intended to enhance the therapeutic effects on the waist and hips.We aimed to investigate the effects of BZZYD on lumbar ligamentum flavum fibrosis and its possible immune regulation mechanism.Methods(i)By using a random number table method,twenty-four male SD rats were divided into the normal,model,chlorophosphate,and BZZYD groups,with six rats per group.The rats in all groups,except for the normal group,were used to establish a rat model of lumbar ligamentum flavum fibrosis using lumbar instability method.The rats in the BZZYD group received Baizhu Zhuanyao decoction through gavage(13.6 g/kg),and the other groups were administered the same amount of saline by gavage once a day for 30 days.The rats in the chlorophosphate group were subcutaneously injected with disodium chlorophosphate liposome(5 g/L,0.5 mL)at the original incision immediately after surgery and at Day 9,18,and 27.After 30 days,the rats were sarcrificed through excessive anesthesia,and the ligamentum flavum was histologically evaluated using HE and Masson staining.The collagen volume fraction(CVF)was calculated.Transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)protein expressions in the ligamentum flavum were detected using immunohistochemical staining.CD163 and TGF-β1 protein expression in M2 macrophages were detected using the immunofluorescence double-labeling method.(ⅱ)M2 macrophage and fibroblast were cultured in the three ways:separately,co-culture,and co-culture of pre-treatment of BZZYD containing serum on M2 macrophage and fibroblast.TGF-β1,TNF-α,and IL-1β mRNA expressions in M2 macrophage and fibroblast were compared using RT-qPCR.Results(ⅰ)Compared with those in the normal group,the ligamentum flavum fibers were dense and twisted,immune cells infiltrated,and the CVF was increased in the model group.TGF-β1,TNF-α,and IL-1β protein expression in the ligamentum flavum tissues of the model group were increased,and TGF-β1 and TNF-α protein expression in the BZZYD group were increased(P<0.05).Compared with that of the model group,extracellular matrix accumulation decreased in the chlorophosphate and BZZYD groups,the CVF was decreased,and TGF-β1,TNF-α,and IL-1β protein expressions in ligamentum flavum tissue were decreased(P<0.05).Compared with that of the chlorophosphate group,extracellular matrix accumulation increased,the CVF was increased,TGF-β1 and IL-1β protein expressions in ligamentum flavum tissue were increased(P<0.05).CD163 and TGF-β1 proteins were not expressed in the normal and chlorophosphate groups.CD163 and TGF-β1 proteins were expressed and co-localized in the model group,and CD163 protein expression was observed in the BZZYD group,however,TGF-β1 expression was low.(ⅱ)The co-culture system increased mRNA expressions of TGF-β1 and IL-1β in M2 macrophages,TNF-α and IL-1β in fibroblasts,compared to the two kinds of cells cultured separately.And after pre-treatment on M2 macrophages,the mRNA expressions all decreased compared co-culture system(P<0.05).Conclusion BZZYD can significantly inhibit lumbar ligamentum flavum fibrosis,reduce TGF-β1 and IL-1β expression in M2 macrophages,affect TNF-α and IL-1β expression in fibroblasts,and inhibit the positive feedback of ligamentum flavum inflammation-fibrosis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Qiaoqi Formula （翘芪组方） for mild influenza. MethodsA randomized controlled study was designed， recruiting 74 patients with mild influenza， who were randomly divided into trial group and control group. The trial group took Qiaoqi Formula orally， 40ml each time， twice a day； the control group took Lianhua Qingwen Capsules （连花清瘟胶囊） orally， 1.4 g each time， three times a day. Both groups were treated for 3 consecutive days and follow-up for 4 consecutive days after treatment. The time for fever reduction including onset of fever reduction， complete fever reduction time， fever reduction rates at 24， 48 and 72 hours， improvement of influenza symptoms， total traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score， and safety indicators in two groups after treatment were recorded. ResultsSixty-five patients were ultimately included， including 36 in the trial group and 29 in the control group. Onset time of fever reduction in the trial group was （15.49±23.47） h， the complete fever reduction time （21.37±30.06）h， and the 24 h， 48 h， 72 h， fever reduction rate was 77.14%， 88.57%， 91.42% respectively. The above indicators of the control group showed as （17.58±20.38）h， （24.30±21.87）h， 61.29%， 90.32%， 96.77% respectively， with no statistically significant differences （P＞0.05）. On the 7th day after treatment， the total score of TCM syndromes in trial group and control group decreased compared to those before treatment （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the cure rate， significant effective rate， effective rate， and total effective rate of TCM syndromes between groups （P＞0.05）. On the 4th day， the lymphocyte ratio of patients in the control group was higher than before treatment， while alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， urea， and creatinine of both groups before and after treatment were within the normal range. The main adverse reactions in both groups were mild headache and dizziness， and no serious adverse reactions observed. ConclusionThe therapeutic effect of Qiaoqi Formula in treating mild influenza is equivalent to Lianhua Qingwen Capsules， which can shorten the fever reduction time， improve clinical symptoms， and no adverse events observed during the study.