Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) resources are the essential material foundation for the development of TCM. The national survey of TCM resources serves as a periodic summary of these resources, ensuring the continuity, prosperity, and development of TCM in China. Since 1949, four national surveys of TCM resources have been conducted. The fourth survey incorporated an investigation into traditional knowledge related to TCM resources, including the traditional medicinal knowledge of Chinese ethnic minorities, with the goal of systematically exploring, preserving, and inheriting this knowledge. This manuscript provides an overview of the basic findings from the first three national surveys of TCM resources, while also clarifying the concepts, categories, forms, carriers, and acquisition pathways of traditional knowledge related to TCM resources. A preliminary summary of the findings from traditional knowledge investigations reported in current literature is also presented. Based on the fourth survey, this manuscript emphasizes the urgency of developing public medical knowledge through empirically-based investigations, the excavation, and compilation of traditional knowledge. It also outlines the potential for conducting "precise" investigations based on first-hand data obtained from the survey, as well as facilitating the discovery and evaluation of new medicines using traditional knowledge related to ethnic minority medicinal practices. This manuscript is expected to provide valuable insights for promoting the health and industrial development of ethnic minority populations in the post-"survey" phase.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; China/ethnology* ; Minority Groups ; Ethnicity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice/ethnology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To review the role and research progress of mechanotransduction signaling pathway in distraction osteogenesis, so as to provide theoretical basis and reference for clinical treatment. METHODS: The role and research progress of mechanotransduction signaling pathway in distraction osteogenesis were summarized by extensive review of relevant literature at home and abroad. RESULTS: The mechanotransduction signaling pathway plays a central role of "sensation-transformation-execution" in distraction osteogenesis, and activates a series of molecular mechanisms to promote the regeneration and remodeling of bone tissue by integrating external mechanical signals. Mechanical stimuli are converted into mechanotransduction signals through the perception of integrins, Piezo1 ion channels and bone cell networks. Activate downstream molecules are transduce through signal pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein-Smad, mitogen-activated protein kinase, protein kinase Hippo-Yes-associated protein/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B, so as to achieve the effects of promoting osteoblasts proliferation, accelerating endochondral ossification, regulating bone resorption and the like, thereby promoting the regeneration of new bone in the distraction area. The study of mechanotransduction signaling pathways in distraction osteogenesis is expected to optimize the mechanical parameters of distraction osteogenesis and provide targeted intervention strategies for accelerating new bone regeneration and mineralization in the distraction zone. However, the specific mechanism of mechanotransduction signaling pathway in distraction osteogenesis remains to be further elucidated, and artificial intelligence and multi-omics analysis may be the future development direction of mechanotransduction signaling pathway. CONCLUSION In distraction osteogenesis, mechanotransduction signal transduction is the core mechanism of bone regeneration in the distraction zone, which regulates cell behavior and tissue regeneration by converting mechanical stimulation into biochemical signals.
Mechanotransduction, Cellular/physiology* ; Osteogenesis, Distraction/methods* ; Humans ; Signal Transduction ; Bone Regeneration ; Animals ; Osteoblasts/metabolism* ; Osteogenesis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism* ; Ion Channels/metabolism* ; Integrins/metabolism* ; beta Catenin/metabolism* ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism* ; Smad Proteins/metabolism*

Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for targeted protein degradation. However, the clinical application of PROTACs may be hindered by off-target toxicity resulting from non-tissue-specific protein degradation and ingenious prodrug strategies may open new avenues to addressing this concern. Herein, we propose a light-induced positive feedback strategy to use photodynamic therapy (PDT) to improve the activation efficiency of PROTAC prodrugs, monitor PROTAC release, and combine PROTAC to induce tumor cell apoptosis. In the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, the azo bond in AZO-PRO selectively cleaves, triggering the release of the potent protein degrader PRO and the multifunctional photosensitizer. Once activated, the fluoresce signal of the photosensitizer dramatically recovers, allowing monitoring of prodrug activation. Additionally, upon irradicating the tumor site using near-infrared (NIR) laser, PDT exacerbates tumor hypoxia, further promoting AZO-PRO activation. Our work introduces a novel approach to efficiently track and activate PROTAC prodrugs, enhance their antitumor efficacy, and mitigate off-target systemic toxicity.

Objective To investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-L(OGDHL)in renal fibrosis.Methods Twelve male wild-type C57BL/6J mice(8 weeks old,weighting about 25 g)were randomly divided into control group and model group(n=6).A mouse model of renal fibrosis was established by unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO).HE staining,immunofluorescence assay,and immunohistochemical and Masson staining were applied to assess the extent of renal fibrosis.Human kidney-2 proximal tubule cell line(HK-2)were randomly divided into blank plasmid group(Vector),OGDHL overexpression group(OGDHL OE),blank plasmid+TGF-β1 treatment group(TGF-β1+Vector),TGF-β1 treatment and OGDHL overexpression group(TGF-β1+OGDHL OE).Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)was employed to observe mitochondrial morphology.RT-qPCR,Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the expression levels of OGDHL and mitochondrial metabolism-related genes.Adenosine triphosphate(ATP)level,oxygen consumption rate(OCR),extracellular acidification rate(ECAR)and other mitochondrial metabolism-related indicators were detected with corresponding reagent kits and Agilent Seahorse.Results UUO operation resulted in obvious thinning of the renal cortex,significant hydronephrosis.HE staining revealed that tubular atrophy accompanied by dilated tubular lumens in the kidneys.Immunofluorescence,immunohistochemical and Masson staining showed obvious renal fibrosis after UUO operation.In the mouse model of renal fibrosis,the expression of OGDHL was decreased by 82.9%at mRNA level(P<0.001)and 81.9%at protein level(P<0.001),the production of mitochondrial ATP was reduced by 0.970±0.151 μmol/L(P<0.01),and notable damaged mitochondrial structure was observed,with maximum breathing capacity decreased by 25.260±1.920 pmol/min(P<0.001),expression levels of fatty acid oxidation-related genes were declined by 50.2%(P<0.05),while glycolysis was enhanced,with the genes related to glycolysis increased by 2.5 times when compared with those in the control group(P<0.05).After OGDHL overexpression,mitochondrial morphological damage was significantly improved,ATP production was increased by 0.980±0.090 μmol/L(P<0.05),with significantly alleviated energy metabolism disorder and renal fibrosis(P<0.05).Conclusion OGDHL regulates mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming of renal tubular epithelial cells to alleviate fibrosis,suggesting that OGDHL may be a new therapeutic target for renal fibrosis.

ObjectiveTo analyze the temporal trend of knockdown resistance (kdr) gene mutations highly correlated with pyrethroid resistance in field populations of Aedes aegypti in Jinghong City of Yunnan Province, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating rational insecticide use strategies. MethodsAdult mosquito samples of Aedes aegypti from 2016 to 2023 and larvae mosquito samples from July 2022 to June 2023 were collected in Jinghong City of Yunnan Province. Allele specific PCR (AS-PCR) was used to measure kdr mutations at amino acid positions 989, 1016 and 1534 of the voltage-gated sodium ion channel (VGSC) gene. Data such as mutation rate and mutation allele frequency were calculated, SPSS software was used to perform trend chi square tests on mutation rate and mutation allele frequency with year and month, as well as comparison of mutation allele frequencies and genotype distributions between the dry and rainy seasons, thereby delineating the temporal trend of kdr gene mutations. ResultsAmong the 173 samples collected from 2016 to 2023, the mutation rates of S989P and V1016G were 100.00% for each year, while the mutation rate of F1534C ranged from 62.50% to 100.00%. The mutation rate and mutation allele frequency of F1534C were increased over the years (χ²=22.079, P<0.001; χ²=42.971, P<0.001). Concurrently, the proportion of the PPGGCC genotype was increased annually (χ²=60.790, P<0.001). Among the 288 samples collected from July 2022 to June 2023, the monthly mutation rates for S989P, V1016G, and F1534C were consistently 100.00%. There was only one type of mutation present, namely S989P+V1016G+F1534C. In the combinations of the three genotypes, the SPGGCC genotype accounted for 1.39% (4/288), the PPGGFC accounted for 2.78% (8/288), and the PPGGCC had the highest proportion at 95.83% (276/288). After tesiting the samples collected in August 2023, the mutation rates of 989, 1016 and 1534 sites of VGSC in females, males, and larvae of the same generation were all 100.00%. ConclusionSince 2016, the gene mutations at S989P and V1016G loci in the VGSC gene of wild Aedes aegypti in Jinghong City have remained consistently at 100.00%, while the mutation rate and mutant allele frequency of F1534C have increased year by year during the testing period. By 2023, the mutation rates at three loci in the VGSC gene of Aedes aegypti in Jinghong City had all reached 100.00%, and neither changes in insect developmental stage nor gender differences during transmission exerted a detectable impact on the mutation rates. In the control of Aedes aegypti in Jinghong City, the use of pyrethroid insecticides should be stopped or reduced, and regular monitoring of kdr genes should be carried out to promptly detect new mutations.

Objective To summarize and evaluate the characteristics of current recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA)animal models at home and abroad,and to provide reference and guidance for the standardized preparation of RSA models.Methods"Recurrent spontaneous abortion"and"animal model"were used as co-keywords in CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed and Web of Science databases to search the RSA animal experimental literature,covering the period up to January 20,2024,and a total of 1 411 articles were collected.The analysis focused on construction methods and essential elements of RSA animal models,the modeling process and result evaluation,as well as the application of these models in pharmacological and pharmacodynamic research.An Excel table was established for systematic analysis and discussion.Results A total of 138 experimental studies were obtained after screening.In constructing RSA animal models,immunological models were the most widely used in Western medicine(96.92％),with the Clark model being the main one(92.31％).In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)models,70.00％were kidney deficiency-luteal inhibition-syndrome combination models,20.00％were kidney deficiency and blood stasis models,and 10.00％were deficiency-heat syndrome models.Most animals were selected at 6-8 weeks(33.86％)and 8 weeks(32.28％)of age.The majority of animals were paired for mating at 18:00 on the day of cage pairing.In 81.03％of literatures,vaginal plugs were checked once the following morning,with 8:00 being the most common time(17.02％).The most commonly used drug administration cycle was 14 days of continuous gavage after pregnancy.Among the tested drugs,Western drugs were mainly protein-based(29.17％),while TCM drugs were mainly TCM decoction(81.11％).The most frequently used methods for detecting indicators included visual observation of embryos(22.54％),western blot(15.96％),PCR(13.58％),ELISA(12.91％),HE staining(10.80％)and immunohistochemistry(9.39％).Conclusion The etiology of RSA is complex,and corresponding animal models should be established based on different etiologies.Clark model is commonly used in the construction of Western medicine model,while the kidney deficiency-luteal inhibition-syndrome combination model is predominant in TCM.RSA animal model is widely used in related research,but systematic evaluation needs to be strengthened.

Objective:To explore the effect of emotional imagery desensitization therapy on posttraumatic stress disorder among school- age children with fracture, to alleviate the adverse psychological state of the children.Methods:By a randomized controlled trials, a total of 78 school- age children with fracture at the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from July 2021 to July 2023 were divided into experimental group and control group according to the admission time, with 39 cases in each group. Both groups carried out routine care, the control group was given routine psychological intervention, the experimental group implemented emotional imagery desensitization therapy. Before and after 3 months of intervention, the effects was assessed by Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Self-rating Scale (PTSD-SS) and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), respectively.Results:During the research process, there were 2 cases of dropout in the control group due to disconnection, and 4 cases in the experimental group due to disconnection and voluntary withdrawal. 37 children in the control group [20 males and 17 females, age (9.27 ± 1.62) years], and 35 children in the experimental group [21 males and 14 females, age (9.57 ± 1.63) years] completed the intervention. Before intervention, the difference of PTSD-SS and MCMQ scores between two groups was no statistically significant (all P>0.05). After intervention, the subjective assessment, re-experiencing, avoidance symptoms, hypervigilance, functional impairment factor scores and total PTSD-SS scores were (1.51 ± 1.06), (10.74 ± 3.30), (10.86 ± 2.93), (11.94 ± 3.18), (2.31 ± 1.30), (37.37 ± 6.37) in the experimental group, lower than in the control group (2.08 ± 0.80), (12.92 ± 3.63), (12.73 ± 2.99), (14.65 ± 4.23), (2.97 ± 0.87), (45.35 ± 5.86), the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.53-5.54, all P<0.05). After intervention, the confrontation subscale scores were (23.49 ± 2.48), higher than in the control group (21.89 ± 2.38), the avoidance, acceptance- resignation subscale were (10.31 ± 1.89) and (6.83 ± 1.98), lower than in the control group (11.57 ± 1.79) and (7.86 ± 2.12), the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.79, 2.89, 2.14, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Emotional imagery desensitization therapy can effectively alleviate post- traumatic stress disorder and promote positive coping mode in school-age children with fracture.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of malnutrition in multidrug resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB)patients.Methods A total of 96 MDR-TB patients admitted to Jiangxi Chest Hospital from September 2021 to March 2023 were selected as study objects.The malnutrition status of patients was evaluated by using mini-nutritional assessment short-form,and the basic data of patients were investigated.Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors of malnutrition in MDR-TB patients.Results Of 96 MDR-TB patients,51 cases(53.12%)were malnourished.Logistic regression analysis results showed that age≥60 years old,chronic diseases,insomnia,anxiety and depression,and family dysfunction were all risk factors for malnutrition in MDR-TB patients(P<0.05).Conclusion MDR-TB patients have a high risk of malnutrition,which is affected by age,chronic diseases,sleep status,psychological status,and family function.Nursing programs can be formulated according to the above factors,such as sleep guidance,psychological support,and family intervention,in order to reduce the risk of malnutrition in patients.

Humans ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Pain Management ; Psychotic Disorders/therapy* ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Treatment Outcome ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Objective: To establish a dynamic syndromic surveillance system in the border areas of Yunnan Province based on information technology, evaluate its effectiveness and timeliness in the response to common communicable disease epidemics and improve the communicable disease prevention and control in border areas. Methods: Three border counties were selected for full coverage as study areas, and dynamic surveillance for 14 symptoms and 6 syndromes were conducted in medical institutions, the daily collection of information about students' school absence in primary schools and febrile illness in inbound people at border ports were conducted in these counties from January 2016 to February 2018 to establish an early warning system based on mobile phone and computer platform for a field experimental study. Results: With syndromes of rash, influenza-like illness and the numbers of primary school absence, the most common communicable disease events, such as hand foot and mouth disease, influenza and chickenpox, can be identified 1-5 days in advance by using EARS-3C and Kulldorff time-space scanning models with high sensitivity and specificity. The system is easy to use with strong security and feasibility. All the information and the warning alerts are released in the form of interactive charts and visual maps, which can facilitate the timely response. Conclusions: This system is highly effective and easy to operate in the detection of possible outbreaks of common communicable diseases in border areas in real time, so the timely and effective intervention can be conducted to reduce the risk of local and cross-border communicable disease outbreaks. It has practical application value.
Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Syndrome ; China ; Cell Phone