Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) resources are the essential material foundation for the development of TCM. The national survey of TCM resources serves as a periodic summary of these resources, ensuring the continuity, prosperity, and development of TCM in China. Since 1949, four national surveys of TCM resources have been conducted. The fourth survey incorporated an investigation into traditional knowledge related to TCM resources, including the traditional medicinal knowledge of Chinese ethnic minorities, with the goal of systematically exploring, preserving, and inheriting this knowledge. This manuscript provides an overview of the basic findings from the first three national surveys of TCM resources, while also clarifying the concepts, categories, forms, carriers, and acquisition pathways of traditional knowledge related to TCM resources. A preliminary summary of the findings from traditional knowledge investigations reported in current literature is also presented. Based on the fourth survey, this manuscript emphasizes the urgency of developing public medical knowledge through empirically-based investigations, the excavation, and compilation of traditional knowledge. It also outlines the potential for conducting "precise" investigations based on first-hand data obtained from the survey, as well as facilitating the discovery and evaluation of new medicines using traditional knowledge related to ethnic minority medicinal practices. This manuscript is expected to provide valuable insights for promoting the health and industrial development of ethnic minority populations in the post-"survey" phase.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; China/ethnology* ; Minority Groups ; Ethnicity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice/ethnology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To review the role and research progress of mechanotransduction signaling pathway in distraction osteogenesis, so as to provide theoretical basis and reference for clinical treatment. METHODS: The role and research progress of mechanotransduction signaling pathway in distraction osteogenesis were summarized by extensive review of relevant literature at home and abroad. RESULTS: The mechanotransduction signaling pathway plays a central role of "sensation-transformation-execution" in distraction osteogenesis, and activates a series of molecular mechanisms to promote the regeneration and remodeling of bone tissue by integrating external mechanical signals. Mechanical stimuli are converted into mechanotransduction signals through the perception of integrins, Piezo1 ion channels and bone cell networks. Activate downstream molecules are transduce through signal pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein-Smad, mitogen-activated protein kinase, protein kinase Hippo-Yes-associated protein/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B, so as to achieve the effects of promoting osteoblasts proliferation, accelerating endochondral ossification, regulating bone resorption and the like, thereby promoting the regeneration of new bone in the distraction area. The study of mechanotransduction signaling pathways in distraction osteogenesis is expected to optimize the mechanical parameters of distraction osteogenesis and provide targeted intervention strategies for accelerating new bone regeneration and mineralization in the distraction zone. However, the specific mechanism of mechanotransduction signaling pathway in distraction osteogenesis remains to be further elucidated, and artificial intelligence and multi-omics analysis may be the future development direction of mechanotransduction signaling pathway. CONCLUSION In distraction osteogenesis, mechanotransduction signal transduction is the core mechanism of bone regeneration in the distraction zone, which regulates cell behavior and tissue regeneration by converting mechanical stimulation into biochemical signals.
Mechanotransduction, Cellular/physiology* ; Osteogenesis, Distraction/methods* ; Humans ; Signal Transduction ; Bone Regeneration ; Animals ; Osteoblasts/metabolism* ; Osteogenesis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism* ; Ion Channels/metabolism* ; Integrins/metabolism* ; beta Catenin/metabolism* ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism* ; Smad Proteins/metabolism*

ObjectiveTo analyze the incidence， recovery rate and associated factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） among residents aged 65 years old and above in Xinqiao Community of Songjiang， Shanghai， and to provide basic data for further efficient community management. MethodsData of annual geriatric physical examination program for residents aged 65 and above were collected in Xinqiao Community， Songjiang from 2016 to 2022. Those residents who participated twice or more were included in this analysis. Data were collated into longitudinal form. For each participant， data of the first physical examination was used as baseline， and each subsequent examination was taken as follow-up. Incidence and recovery rate of NAFLD were calculated. Cox proportional hazard models were used to explore the associated factors and their changes with the onset and recovery of NAFLD. ResultsDuring the study period， a total of 11 983 residents participated in physical examinations， of which 8 644 participated twice or more， and 8 154 had no history of excessive alcohol consumption. B-ultrasound showed that there were 5 267 residents without NAFLD and 2 887 with NAFLD at baseline. After a median follow-up of 3.3 years， the incidence density of NAFLD in this population was estimated to be 11.5 per 100 person-years， and the recovery density was 23.4 per 100 person-years. The incidence density of NAFLD was negatively associated with age， and positively associated with baseline BMI， abdominal obesity， high fasting blood glucose， and high triglycerides. The recovery density was negatively associated with baseline BMI and abdominal obesity. Compared with those with normal BMI at both baseline and follow-up， those with persistent obesity showed the highest risk of NAFLD （males： HR： 3.19， 95%CI： 2.16-4.70； females： HR： 3.34， 95%CI： 2.46-4.54） and the lowest potential of recovery （males： HR： 0.58， 95%CI： 0.42-0.82； females： HR： 0.58， 95%CI： 0.44-0.77）. Persistently high triglycerides were also associated with a higher risk of developing the disease. ConclusionResidents aged 65 years old and above in Xinqiao， Shanghai had a higher incidence and recovery rate of NAFLD. Women， being obese and having hyperlipidemia are at a higher risk for the development and persistence of NAFLD.

This paper reported the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of a case of recurrent endometrial stromal sarcoma with term pregnancy. The patient had undergone laparoscopic surgery to remove hysteromyoma before conception in 2017, which was pathologically diagnosed as low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma after surgery. Due to her strong reproductive willingness, the patient attempted to conceive in light of her stable condition and no evidence of recurrence and was closely followed up with an informed choice. She conceived successfully in 2020 and underwent regular pregnancy examinations. Ultrasound examination at 37 +4 weeks of gestation revealed a slightly hypoechoic mass of about 6.3 cm×4.5 cm size in the pelvic cavity. After admission, a pelvic MRI indicated multiple solid nodules in the right adnexa uteri and beside the iliac vessels in the left pelvic wall and anterior pelvic wall with the larger one being about 58 mm×28 mm. Diffusion-weighted imaging showed multiple pelvic nodules and masses with significant diffusion restriction. The patient was diagnosed as having multiple solid nodules and masses in the pelvic cavity, and the recurrence of sarcoma was highly suspected. Brain CT and lung CT showed no obvious metastatic lesions. A consultation involving the Department of Gynecological Tumor Chemoradiotherapy was held and the sarcoma recurrence during pregnancy was prenatally diagnosed. After ruling out the contraindications for surgery, a cesarean section was performed in the lower segment of uterus under general anesthesia and a live female baby was delivered at 38 ＋3 weeks. The excised mass was confirmed as recurrent uterine stromal sarcoma by rapid freezing pathology during cesarean section. A combination surgery was performed subsequently, including total extra-fascial hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, bilateral salpingectomy, appendectomy, greater omentum resection, pelvic lesion resection (right side), and pelvic adhesiolysis. Recurrent low-grade uterine stromal sarcoma was reconfirmed by postoperative pathology. The patient was discharged after recovery. After two years of follow-up, no distant metastasis recurrences were found.

Objective:To study the precision of 3D printing coplanar template (3D-PCT) assisted CT-guided radioactive particle implantation using two types of phantoms, and compare the differences between the phantoms, in order to provide reference for radioactive particle implantation.Methods:The needle inserting path was designed in the brachytherapy treatment planning system (BTPS) and the needle tip coordinates were obtained. Following the needle inserting path, the implant needles were inserted into the custom and the liver phantoms, respectively. Then gold markers were implanted through the needles. Subsequently, the needles were withdrawn by 10 mm, and the cold sources were implanted. The coordinates of needle tips, gold markers, and cold sources were recorded. The precision of implanted needles, first particles, and particles after needle withdrawal were obtained by calculating the distance between two points in the space. Finally, the differences between the two phantoms were compared through independent samples t-test. Results:In the 3D-PCT-assisted CT-guided radioactive particle implantation, the precision of implanted needles, first particles, and particles after needle withdrawal in the custom and the liver phantoms was (1.89±0.72) and (2.14±0.88 ) mm ( P>0.05), (2.03±1.14) and (2.42±1.12) mm ( P>0.05), and (-1.96±1.29) and (-2.82±0.91) mm ( t=2.09, P=0.046), respectively. Conclusions:The 3D-PCT-assisted CT-guided radioactive particle implantation is efficient, stable, and precise, showing slight precision differences between the two phantoms.

Objective:To verify the accuracy and feasibility of radioactive 125I seed implantation assisted by an optical navigation system and a 3D-printing non-coplanar template in the treatment of recurrent head and neck cancers. Methods:A total of 12 patients with recurrent head and neck cancer treated with radioactive 125I seed implantation assisted by an optical navigation system and 3D-printing non-coplanar template were enrolled from Dec 2018 to Dec 2019.The pre-plan and post-implant implantation needle number and implanted seed number were recorded.Meanwhile, their dosimetric parameters were compared, including D90, minimum peripheral dose (MPD), V100, V150, V200, conformity index (CI), external index (EI), and the homogeneity index (HI) of the target volume. Results:The median lesion volume was 31.5 cm 3, the median number of seeds was 61.5, and the median prescription dose was 130 Gy.The means of the pre-plan D90, MPD, V100, V150 and V200 were 134.2, 64.6, 93.3, 75.3 and 39.3 Gy, respectively, while those of post-implant D90, MPD, V100, V150, and V200 were 146.7, 68.94, 97.47, 80.40 and 48.30 Gy, respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). Meanwhile, there was no statistically significant difference between the pre-plan and post-implantation needle number, implanted seed number, CI, HI, and EI ( P>0.05). In terms of postoperative dose quality assessment, eight cases were rated excellent (66.6%) and four cases were rated good (33.3%). Conclusions:Radioactive 125I seed implantation assisted by an optical navigation system and 3D-printing non-coplanar template can be accurately performed in the treatment of recurrent head and neck cancer, with good consistency between pre-plan and post-implant dosimetric parameters and thus of prospective potential in clinical application.

Objective:To compare preoperative planning parameters between non-coplanar and coplanar template-assisted radioactive seed implantation in the treatment of pancreatic cancers, in order to guide clinical application.Methods:Patients with pancreatic cancers who received external irradiation in the Peking University Third Hospital from Jan 2017 to May 2019 were selected.Their image information was imported into the brachytherapy planning system, and the non-coplanar plan and coplanar plan were designed individually.Each patient′s prescription dose was set to 110 Gy, and the activity of the radioactive seeds were 0.4 mCi(1 Ci=3.7×10 10Bq), respectively.For the two plans, the dose distribution was optimized and dosimetric parameters were compared, including the implantation needle number, the implanted seed number, the minimum prescription doses delivered to 90% and 100% of the target volume ( D90 and D100), mean percentages of volume receiving 100%, 150% and 200% of the prescription doses ( V100, V150 and V200), conformity index (CI), external index (EI), and homogeneity index (HI) of the target volume, as well as the doses of 2 cm 3 and 5 cm 3 ( D2 cm 3 and D5 cm 3) of the surrounding normal organs such as the small intestines, colon, duodenum, stomach, and spinal cord. Results:The implantation needle number in the coplanar plan was slightly higher than that in the non-coplanar plan, namely 18.63 vs. 16.45 ( t=-3.239, P <0.05). The implanted seed number was equivalent, namely 90.2 vs. 91.01, with no statistical difference ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference between D90, D100, V100, V150, V200, CI, EI, and HI in the target area of the two plans ( P>0.05). Meanwhile, there was no obvious difference in D2 cm 3 and D5 cm 3 of normal organs including the small intestines, colon, duodenum, stomach, and spinal cord ( P>0.05). Conclusions:With both the coplanar plan and the non-coplanar plan, the prescription doses can be achieved and meanwhile, there are very small differences in the doses of normal organs.Given that 3D-printing non-coplanar and coplanar templates have their own characteristics, it is necessary to choose them according to specific situations.

In December 2019, an outbreak of viral pneumonia began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, which caused the spread of infectious pneumonia to a certain extent in China and neighboring countries and regions, and triggered the epidemic crisis. The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease listed as a B infectious disease, which is managed according to standards for A infectious disease. Traditional Chinese medicine and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine have played an active role in the prevention and control of this epidemic. China's ethnomedicine has recognized infectious diseases since ancient times, and formed a medical system including theory, therapies, formula and herbal medicines for such diseases. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Chuxiong Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan, Qiandongnan Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou have issued the prevention and control programs for COVID-19 using Tibetan, Mongolian, Uygur, Yi and Miao medicines. These programs reflect the wisdom of ethnomedicine in preventing and treating diseases, which have successfully extracted prescriptions and preventive measures for the outbreak of the epidemic from their own medical theories and traditional experiences. In this paper, we summarized and explained the prescriptions and medicinal materials of ethnomedicine in these programs, and the origin of Tibetan medicine prescriptions and Mongolian medicine prescriptions in ancient books were studied. These become the common characteristics of medical prevention and treatment programs for ethnomedicine to formulate therapeutic programs under the guidance of traditional medicine theories, recommend prescriptions and prevention and treatment methods with characteristics of ethnomedicine, and focus on the conve-nience and standardization. However, strengthening the support of science and technology and the popularization to the public, and improving the participation of ethnomedicine in national public health services and the capacity-building to deal with sudden and critical diseases are key contents in the development of ethnomedicine in the future.
Betacoronavirus ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Traditional ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; drug therapy ; Tibet

Objective: To compare the preoperative and postoperative dosimetric parameters in the treatment of spinal metastasis, and to verify the accuracy of 3D-printing non-coplanar template (3D-PNCT) combined with CT-guided ¹²⁵I seed implantation for the treatment of spinal metastasis. Methods: The treatment plans of 7 patients with spinal metastasis (9 lesions) from 2016 to 2018 receiving 3D-PNCT in combination with CT-guided ¹²⁵I seed implantation were retrospectively analyzed. The dosimetric parameters including homogeneity index (HI), conformal index (CI), external index (EI), dose of 90% target volume(D₉₀), mPD, volume percent of 100%, 150%, and 200% prescribed dose V₁₀₀、V₁₅₀、V₂₀₀ and D_2cm³ of spinal cord were compared before and after operation. The british columbia cancer ageny particle implantation quality evaluation standard was applied to evaluate the quality of implantation. Results: The HI, EI and CI, D₉₀, mPD, V₁₀₀, V₁₅₀, V₂₀₀ and D_2cm³ of spinal cord did not significantly differ before and after the plan (all P>0.05). Five were evaluated as excellent and 4 were assessed as good. Conclusion The postoperative dosimetric parameters of 3D-PNCT combined with CT guided ¹²⁵I seed implantation of spinal metastasis are basically consistent with preoperative dosimetric parameters. The postoperative plans are evaluated as excellent or good, suggesting that the technology has a good therapeutic accuracy in the treatment of spinal metastasis.

Objective:To compare the difference of preoperative and postoperative plans of navigation-assisted three-dimensional (3D)-printing template combined with CT-guided radioactive 125I seeds implantation for malignant tumors, and verify preliminarily the plan quality of optical navigation-assisted seeds implantation. Methods:From December 2018 to November 2019, a total of 20 patients (10 males, 10 females, median age: 60.5 years) with malignant tumors received navigation-assisted 3D-printing template combined with CT-guided radioactive 125I seeds implantation in Peking University Third Hospital. Eight cases were implanted in the head and neck, 1 case in the chest wall, 9 cases in the pelvis and 2 cases in the paravertebral and/or retroperitoneal region. The median prescription dose was 150 Gy. The data in the preoperative and postoperative plans was compared, including seeds number, needles number, and some dosimetry parameters. Dosimetry parameters including dose delivered to 90% gross tumor volume (GTV) ( D90), percentage of GTV received 100%, 150%, and 200% of the prescribed dose ( V100, V150, V200), minimum peripheral dose (MPD), conformal index (CI), external index (EI), homogeneity index (HI) of target volume, and 2 cm 3 range of spinal cord receiving dose ( D2 cm 3). Paired t test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to analyze the data. Results:The needles number of preoperative and postoperative plans was the same (both 12 (9, 19)), and the seeds number of postoperative plan was more than preoperative plan with no significant difference (51(35, 68) vs 49(35, 63); z=1.859, P>0.05). The MPD of postoperative plans was higher than preoperative plans ((80.52±14.89) vs (67.22±20.56) Gy, t=-3.769, P=0.001). There were no significant differences in other dosimetry parameters between the two plans ( t values: -0.533, -0.423, z values: from -0.849 to 1.416, all P>0.05). Postoperative dose quality assessment was excellent in 17 cases (17/20), good in 2 cases (2/20) and middle in 1 case (1/20). Conclusions:The quality of the implantation is good under the guidance of combined mode. The actual target dose after operation can meet the requirements of preoperative planning.