Tertiary lymphoid structures(TLSs)are ectopic lymphoid tissues located at atypical lymphoid organ sites.The mature TLS consists of T lymphocytes,B lymphocyte regions,dendritic cells(DCs),and high endothelial venule(HEV)which uniquely mediates the homing of lymphocytes and promote the formation of TLS.TLS is the immediate site of initiation of the anti-tumor immune response in the tumor microenvironment and a key site of directional delivery of immune cells.In colorectal cancer(CRC),TLS and tumor-associated HEV(TA-HEV)are associated with a favorable clinical prognosis.This review summarizes the structural composition,functional characteristics,dynamic development and adjustment mechanism of TLS and HEV,analyzes the predictive values of TLS and HEV for the prognosis of and response to immunotherapy from a multidimensional perspective,and discusses the potential of TLS and HEV induction as a novel therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment.

With the continuous development of cancer treatment technology, the cure rate for tumors in children is increasing. However, the irreversible damage to ovarian development and function by chemotherapy and radiation in surviving children often leads to iatrogenic premature ovarian failure and even infertility. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop fertility preservation techniques for children with tumors. International and domestic guidelines indicate that ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation should be considered first for female children. However, the application of this technique in children is not yet mature. Current research suggests that there are significant structural and functional differences between children's ovaries and adults', and fertility preservation strategies for adults are not fully applicable to children. Therefore, this paper analyzes and reviews the structure and function of children's ovaries, the mechanism of damage to ovarian tissues by chemotherapy and radiation, and the current research and application status of fertility preservation techniques for female children. It also looks forward to the development direction of fertility preservation techniques for female children.

With the continuous development of cancer treatment technology, the cure rate for tumors in children is increasing. However, the irreversible damage to ovarian development and function by chemotherapy and radiation in surviving children often leads to iatrogenic premature ovarian failure and even infertility. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop fertility preservation techniques for children with tumors. International and domestic guidelines indicate that ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation should be considered first for female children. However, the application of this technique in children is not yet mature. Current research suggests that there are significant structural and functional differences between children's ovaries and adults', and fertility preservation strategies for adults are not fully applicable to children. Therefore, this paper analyzes and reviews the structure and function of children's ovaries, the mechanism of damage to ovarian tissues by chemotherapy and radiation, and the current research and application status of fertility preservation techniques for female children. It also looks forward to the development direction of fertility preservation techniques for female children.

Tertiary lymphoid structures(TLSs)are ectopic lymphoid tissues located at atypical lymphoid organ sites.The mature TLS consists of T lymphocytes,B lymphocyte regions,dendritic cells(DCs),and high endothelial venule(HEV)which uniquely mediates the homing of lymphocytes and promote the formation of TLS.TLS is the immediate site of initiation of the anti-tumor immune response in the tumor microenvironment and a key site of directional delivery of immune cells.In colorectal cancer(CRC),TLS and tumor-associated HEV(TA-HEV)are associated with a favorable clinical prognosis.This review summarizes the structural composition,functional characteristics,dynamic development and adjustment mechanism of TLS and HEV,analyzes the predictive values of TLS and HEV for the prognosis of and response to immunotherapy from a multidimensional perspective,and discusses the potential of TLS and HEV induction as a novel therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment.

Abstract Socioeconomic status is an important factor affecting all-cause mortality. Income, education and occupation alone or in combination have been employed as a measure of socioeconomic status; however, the study results vary in measures. Material mechanism, lifestyle mechanism, psychological mechanism and community neighborhood mechanism have been accepted as the main intermediate mechanisms for the impact of socioeconomic status on all-cause mortality; however, the contribution of these mechanisms remains controversial. Based on the international and national publications pertaining to the association between socioeconomic status and all-cause mortality from 2012 to 2021, this review summarizes the relationship between socioeconomic status and all-cause mortality in different metrics and the intermediate mechanism of the impact of socioeconomic status on all-cause mortality, so as to provide insights for further studies.

OBJECTIVE：To explore th e applicatio n of team situatio nal simulation education and teaching mode in clinical pharmacy teaching. METHODS ：A total of 60 clinical pharmacy interns were selected as the research objects ，and course disease was type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thirty interns were randomly selected as control group ，using traditional teaching mode ；other 30 interns were selected as trial group ，which carried out team situational simulation education and teaching mode. The teaching effects were evaluated by using the satisfaction of interns to the two modes ，the comprehensive score of graduation examination and the self-evaluation of learning effect. RESULTS ：Compared with traditional teaching mode ，team situational simulation education and teaching mode was conducive to stimulate the learning interest of interns ，improve their interpersonal communication ability ， cultivate teamwork spirit ，improve the awareness of humanistic care ，and cultivate the professional attitude of clinical pharmacists （P＜0.05）. Compared with control group ，the comprehensive score of trial group was dominantly increased （P＜0.001），and the scores of professional quality ，humanistic care and communication skills in the trial group were significantly higher than control group（P＜0.01）. In terms of self-evaluation of learning effect ，except for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and the commonly used treatment regimens ，the self-evaluation scores of the other items in trial group were significantly higher than control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：Team situational simulation education and teaching mode is superior to traditional teaching mode for clinical pharmacy teaching.

Objective: This study was a retrospective analysis of the efficacy of conservative treatment of unilateral renal pelvic ureteral junction obstruction with good renal function at the time of initial diagnosis. Methods: The clinical data of 101 children with unilateral pelvic ureteral junction obstruction from January 2008 to December 2017 was analyzed retrospectively. All the patients underwent non-surgical treatment. There were 67 males and 34 females. The age range is from 10 days to 10 years old, with an average age of 3.4 years. 52 cases got left side obstruction and 49 cases got the right side obstrction. 14 children had abdominal pain symptoms. Among the 37 neonates: 21 male, 16 female. 15 were left, 22 were right. 10 cases were found during prenatal pregnancy, and 27 were dignosed postpartum. The indication for conservative treatment is no hydronephrosis-related symptoms or normal renal function at the initial diagnosis. The hydronephrosis did not affect the child's breathing, growth and development. The B-ultrasound was done every 1 to 6 months which depended on the different grades of hydronephrosis during a conservative observation period. The diuretic radionuclide imaging was done every 6 to 12 months. The end point of follow-up was surgery or disappear of the hydronephrosis in the affected side. Surgical indications are symptoms of hydronephrosis during follow-up which affecting growth and development, renal function reduction >10%, hydronephrosis SFU, UTDP grade progressive increase. Among them, 3 cases were raised from SFU2 to SFU3, 17 cases were raised from SFU3 to SFU4; 4 cases of neonatal UTDP2 progressed to grade 3 hydronephrosis and UTDP3 increased in 5 cases. Regression of hydronephrosis test three consecutive urinary renal ultrasound was defined as no hydronephrosis in. Results: Continuous follow-up ranged from 1 year to 5 years, a median follow-up is 37 months. Of the 101 patients, 41 (40.5%) required surgery, and 60 (59.5%) kept conservative follow up. 2 cases of SFU1 children with hydronephrosis spontaneously disappeared. Of the 26 SFU class 2 children, 15 (69.2%) spontaneously resolved, 7(30.7%) improved, and 4 underwent surgery. Of the 50 children with SFU grade 3 hydronephrosis, 11(22.0%) spontaneously resolved, 19 improved or remained unchanged, and 20 patients eventually underwent surgery. Of the 23 patients with SFU grade 4 hydronephrosis, 6(26.0%) improved (to SFU 2) and 17(73.9%) underwent surgery. 37 of the 101 children were enrolled in the neonatal group for SFU grading while performing UTDP grading. Twenty-seven (70.2%) of the 37 neonates underwent conservative treat ment, including 8(100.0%) UTDP grade 1 hydronephrosis, 8(66.7%) UTDP grade 2 hydronephrosis, and UTDP grade 3 10 cases (58.8%) of hydronephrosis were effective for conservative treatment. There was a statistically significant difference between the level of hydronephrosis at the time of initial diagnosis of hydronephrosis and the efficacy of conservative treatment. Conclusion Conservative treatment of unilateral ureteral pelvic and ureteral junction obstruction is safe and effective. Severe hydronephrosis is unlikely to spontaneously resolve, often accompanied by early loss of renal function, and should be followed closely by ultrasound.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: External counterpulsation (ECP) is a noninvasive method used to enhance cerebral perfusion by elevating the blood pressure in ischemic stroke. However, the response of the beat-to-beat blood pressure variability (BPV) in ischemic stroke patients during ECP remains unknown. METHODS: We enrolled recent ischemic stroke patients and healthy controls. Changes in the blood flow velocities in bilateral middle cerebral arteries and the continuous beat-to-beat blood pressure before, during, and after ECP were monitored. Power spectral analysis revealed that the BPV included oscillations at very low frequency (VLF; <0.04 Hz), low frequency (LF; 0.04-0.15 Hz), and high frequency (HF; 0.15-0.40 Hz), and the total power spectral density (TP; <0.40 Hz) and LF/HF ratio were calculated. RESULTS: We found that ECP significantly increased the systolic and diastolic blood pressures in both stroke patients and controls. ECP decreased markedly the systolic and diastolic BPVs at VLF and LF and the TP, and the diastolic BPV at HF when compared with baseline. The decreases in diastolic and systolic BPV reached 37.56% and 23.20%, respectively, at VLF, 21.15% and 12.19% at LF, 8.76% and 16.59% at HF, and 31.92% and 23.62% for the total TP in stroke patients, which did not differ from those in healthy controls. The change in flow velocity on the contralateral side was positively correlated with the total TP systolic BPV change induced by ECP (r=0.312, p=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: ECP reduces the beat-to-beat BPV when increasing the blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity in ischemic stroke patients. ECP might be able to improve the clinical outcome by decreasing the beat-to-beat BPV in stroke patients, and this should be explored further in future studies.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Blood Pressure* ; Cerebrovascular Circulation* ; Counterpulsation* ; Humans ; Methods ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Perfusion ; Stroke*