The liver is closely associated with inflammation and the redox response， and inflammation is the body's innate defense system for clearing away harmful stimuli and participating in the liver's wound-healing response.Oxidative stress is associated with the activation of inflammatory pathways， and sustained inflammation and the corresponding regenerative wound healing response can induce fibrosis， cirrhosis， progression to end-stage liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma， and ultimately death.Some "medicine and food homology" traditional Chinese medicine has been used in clinical effect， showing the ability to protect the liver.This paper reviewed the relationship between liver and oxidative stress response and inflammation response， and sorted out 110 "medicine and food same origin" traditional Chinese medicines based on the Chinese Pharmacopoeia（2020 edition） and the Chinese materia medica.The results showed that common floweringqince fruit， licorice root， cassia seed， emblic，seabuckthorn fruit，Chinese date， honeysuckle， ginger， cape jasmine fruit， platycodon root， lotus leaf， dandelion， reed root， honey， mountain honeysuckle， milkvetch root， glossy ganoderma， Gastrodia gastrodia and eucommia leaf were recorded to have liver protection effects.The liver protection mechanism is mainly anti-inflammatory， antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibition. Some Chinese herbs can also play a liver protection role by inhibiting the growth of hepatitis virus and liver cancer cells and regulating bile acid metabolism.In addition， the biological mechanism of its liver protection effect through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in animal experiments was analyzed， and it was found that it plays a role through multiple pathways and multiple targets， providing new ideas for the role of "medicine and food homology" traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment strategy of liver diseases.

The liver is closely associated with inflammation and the redox response， and inflammation is the body's innate defense system for clearing away harmful stimuli and participating in the liver's wound-healing response.Oxidative stress is associated with the activation of inflammatory pathways， and sustained inflammation and the corresponding regenerative wound healing response can induce fibrosis， cirrhosis， progression to end-stage liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma， and ultimately death.Some "medicine and food homology" traditional Chinese medicine has been used in clinical effect， showing the ability to protect the liver.This paper reviewed the relationship between liver and oxidative stress response and inflammation response， and sorted out 110 "medicine and food same origin" traditional Chinese medicines based on the Chinese Pharmacopoeia（2020 edition） and the Chinese materia medica.The results showed that common floweringqince fruit， licorice root， cassia seed， emblic，seabuckthorn fruit，Chinese date， honeysuckle， ginger， cape jasmine fruit， platycodon root， lotus leaf， dandelion， reed root， honey， mountain honeysuckle， milkvetch root， glossy ganoderma， Gastrodia gastrodia and eucommia leaf were recorded to have liver protection effects.The liver protection mechanism is mainly anti-inflammatory， antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibition. Some Chinese herbs can also play a liver protection role by inhibiting the growth of hepatitis virus and liver cancer cells and regulating bile acid metabolism.In addition， the biological mechanism of its liver protection effect through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in animal experiments was analyzed， and it was found that it plays a role through multiple pathways and multiple targets， providing new ideas for the role of "medicine and food homology" traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment strategy of liver diseases.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the relationship of exposure to five heavy metals, namely lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury and aluminum with obesity in children and adolescents, so as to provide a scientific basis for subsequent research in the area. Methods: Four Chinese databasesc (CBM, VIP, CNKI and Wanfang) and four foreign databases (OVID, PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO), were searched to collect relevant studies, and the search period was from the establishment of the database to May 5, 2024. After 2 investigators independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies, the results were analyzed quantitatively and summarized qualitatively. Results: A total of 5 cohort studies on lead exposure and 17 cross sectional studies involving exposure to lead ( n =13), cadmium ( n =8), mercury ( n =8), arsenic ( n =4), and aluminum ( n =1) were included. Meta analysis of the 2 cohort studies showed that lead exposure was not associated with the risk of overweight and obesity in children ( RR=0.76, 95%CI=0.50-1.16, P ＞0.05). The cross sectional study Meta-analysis results showed that lead exposure was negatively associated with the risk of childhood overweight ( OR=0.70, 95%CI =0.59-0.84, 2 studies) and obesity ( OR=0.71, 95%CI =0.58-0.87, 3 studies); cadmium exposure was negatively associated with the risk of childhood overweight ( OR=0.83, 95%CI =0.73-0.95, 2 studies) and obesity risk( OR=0.70, 95%CI =0.63-0.78, 3 studies); mercury exposure increased the risk of overweight/obesity ( OR=1.42, 95%CI =1.14-1.76, 2 studies) and abdominal obesity ( OR= 1.99, 95%CI =1.45-2.73, 2 studies) in children; the group with the highest concentration of arsenic in urine had a lower risk of developing obesity compared to the group with the lowest concentration ( OR=0.39, 95%CI =0.23-0.65, 1 study), and the group with the highest concentration of aluminum in urine had a lower risk of obesity compared with the group with the lowest concentration ( OR=0.52, 95%CI =0.31-0.86, 1 study)(all P <0.05). Conclusion Heavy metal exposure may be a risk factor for overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, but the conclusions are inconsistent and need to be validated in further high quality prospective cohort studies.

OBJECTIVES: To study the therapeutic mechanism of Tuihuang Mixture against cholestasis. METHODS: Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomized equally into blank group, model group, ursodeoxycholic acid group and Tuihuang Mixture group. Except for those in the blank group, all the rats were given α‑naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) to establish rat models of cholestasis, followed by treatments with indicated drugs or distilled water. Serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, γ-GT, TBA and TBIL of the rats were determined, and hepatic expressions IL-1β, IL-18, FXR, NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and GSDMD were detected using q-PCR, ELISA or Western blotting. Histopathological changes of the liver tissues were observed using HE staining. RESULTS: The rat models of cholestasis had significantly increased serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, γ-GT, TBA and TBIL with increased mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1β and IL-18, decreased protein and mRNA expressions of FXR, and increased protein expressions of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 and mRNA expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and GSDMD in the liver tissue, showing also irregular arrangement of liver cells, proliferation of bile duct epithelial cells and inflammatory cells infiltration. Treatment of the rat models with Tuihuang Mixture significantly decreased serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, γ-GT, TBA and TBIL, lowered IL-1β and IL-18 and increased FXR protein and mRNA expressions, and reduced NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and GSDMD proteins and NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 mRNA expressions in the liver tissue. Tuihuang Mixture also significantly alleviated hepatocyte injury, bile duct epithelial cell proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver of the rat models. CONCLUSIONS Tuihuang Mixture can effectively improve cholestasis in rats possibly by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammatosome-mediated pyroptosis via regulating FXR.
Animals ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein ; Rats ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism* ; Cholestasis/drug therapy* ; Rats, Wistar ; Inflammasomes/metabolism* ; 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Male ; Interleukin-18/metabolism* ; Caspase 1/metabolism* ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism* ; Liver/metabolism*

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in preventing and treating diseases and improving human health. However, the complex bioactive components and regulation of signaling pathway and network restrict the elucidation of the mechanisms of action of TCM. A human being is regarded as a super "symbiont" composed of body cells and commensal microorganisms. Gut microbiota is the core commensal microorganism system of a human body, being considered as "the second genome" and the new "organ". Alterations in gut microbiota reflect the state of body health and progression of diseases. Recent investigations have revealed that the TCM rich in polysaccharides and polyphenols can modulate gut microbiota metabolites to rehabilitate gut homeostasis, thus ameliorating diseases via regulating gut-liver axis or gut-brain axis. This review summarizes the causal relationship and mechanisms of action of TCM in the treatment of diseases from the perspective of gut microbiota metabolites. Our findings are expected to provide new insights into the mechanisms of TCM in preventing and treating diseases and guidance for TCM-based drug discovery in the future.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Polyphenols/pharmacology* ; Polysaccharides/pharmacology*

As a type of endogenous small non-coding RNA， microRNA （miRNA） can regulate gene expression and thereby intervene against the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases， neurodegenerative diseases， metabolic diseases， and autoimmune diseases. The pathogenesis of cholestasis is complex and is mainly associated with the metabolism and transport of bile acids， oxidative stress， inflammatory response， and intestinal flora. Currently， ursodeoxycholic acid is the preferred drug for the clinical treatment of cholestasis， but it may cause adverse reactions and exhibit poor efficacy in some patients. Studies have shown that miRNA can intervene in the disease process of cholestasis through multiple mechanisms such as regulating bile acid metabolism and transport， alleviating oxidative stress， inhibiting inflammatory response， improving cholangiocyte proliferation， and regulating intestinal flora. It can be used as a new biomarker and action target for cholestasis， with high research potential and value. Therefore， this article summarizes the role and mechanisms of miRNA in regulating cholestasis in recent years， in order to provide a reference for further research on the prevention and treatment of cholestasis by targeting miRNA.

Objective To explore syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and medication rules of functional dyspepsia,and to provide reference for modern TCM clinical treatment.Methods The clinical research literature on the treatment of functional dyspepsia with TCM were searched from CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed and Web of Science databases,TCM compounds were collected and database was established.Excel 2019,Clementine 12.0 and SPSS 21.0 were used for frequency analysis of TCM syndrome types,drug frequency,efficacy classifications,properties,tastes,and meridian tropisms of functional dyspepsia,and association rule analysis,factor analysis and cluster analysis were performed on high-frequency drugs.Results A total of 428 articles were included,and 442 prescriptions were extracted,involving 225 Chinese medicines and 24 high-frequency drugs,among which Codonopsis Radix,Poria,Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and Bupleuri Radix were most frequently used.Tonic deficiency drugs and regulating qi drugs were the most common efficacy categories.The property was mainly warm,the tastes were mainly bitter,pungent and sweet,most of which belonged to spleen,lung and stomach meridians.Twenty drug combinations were obtained by association rule analysis,nine common factors were extracted by factor analysis,and drugs could be divided into four categories by cluster analysis.Functional dyspepsia with the liver-stomach disharmony is the most common syndrome.Twelve drug combinations were obtained by association rule analysis,three common factors were extracted by factor analysis,and drugs could be divided into two categories by cluster analysis.Conclusion The clinical treatment of functional dyspepsia in TCM is mainly to replenish qi and invigorate spleen,dredge liver and promote qi,replenish deficiency with sweet and warm drugs,disperse pungent and descend bitter,which were compatible with drugs for resolving dampness,relieving external symptoms and clearing heat according to syndrome differentiation.

Objective To summarize the existing animal models of cholelithiasis,and to explore a pathological model that can better reflect the characteristics of clinical syndromes of traditional Chinese and western medicine and meet the needs of the development of clinical and basic research of traditional Chinese medicine. Methods The animal models for experimental research on cholelithiasis at home and abroad were collected and sorted out by searching CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed and other databases. The animal types,modeling methods,modeling cycles,detection indicators and positive drugs of the models were statistically analyzed. Results Among the 128 articles included,the animal types of cholelithiasis models were mainly guinea pigs,rabbits and C57BL/6J mice. The most used modeling method is high-fat diet,and the feeding cycle takes eight weeks to complete. High-frequency detection indicators were stone formation rate,total cholesterol,phospholipids,total bilirubin,total bile acid,etc. The commonly used intervention methods are traditional Chinese medicine compound,western medicine and single Chinese medicine or extract. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is mainly used for western medicine intervention,whereas the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine mainly includes traditional Chinese medicine compound,acupuncture,exercise,diet and other methods. The positive control drug in the experiment was mostly UDCA. Conclusion With the continuous improvement and development of cholelithiasis animal model,there are many kinds of modeling methods to simulate the clinical manifestations of cholelithiasis in Chinese and western medicine,but there are also some limitations. This paper aims to provide reference for the selection,application and improvement of cholelithiasis model through data mining and characteristic analysis.

Objective:To explore the perceived stress and coping experience of spouses of elderly people with long-term disability and empty nest.Methods:Using phenomenological research methods, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 spouses of disabled elderly people in a community in Beijing from February to June 2023, and data analysis was conducted using Colaizzi's 7-step analysis method.Results:The perceived stress and coping experience of spouses of long-term disabled empty nest elderly people were summarized into three themes and ten sub-themes, namely, the dynamic and variable stress perception of spouses (stress changed synchronously with the state of disabled elderly people, stress changed in a "U" shape, and pressure increased in a progressive manner), the challenges for spouses in long-term care of disabled elderly people (difficult in unifying opinions and views, incomprehensible inner emotions, difficulty in ensuring their elderly care, and coexistence of multiple roles and identities) and positive coping experiences and strategies of spouses (actively seeking external support, respecting the subjective wishes of disabled elderly people, and improving dyadic coping abilities) .Conclusions:Community nursing staff should support and guide spouses who undertake care work based on changes in perceived stress characteristics of long-term disabled empty nest elderly people. At the same time, it is necessary to understand the various challenges they face in long-term care, draw on positive coping experiences of spouses, so as to provide a basis for building a friendly family support system for home-based elderly care.

Objective:To analyze the research status, hotspots, and trends in dental implant nursing based on bibliometrics and knowledge graph.Methods:Literature on dental implant nursing was searched in the Web of Science Core Collection. The search period was from January 1, 2001, to September 1, 2023. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software was used to analyze publication volume, country, institution, keywords, and so on.Results:A total of 1 832 articles on dental implant nursing were obtained, and the number of publications on dental implant nursing increased yearly from 2001 to 2023. The country, institution, author, and journal with the highest number of publications were the United States (576), the University of Bern (73), Sorsa (17), and Clinical Oral Implants Research (75). The main research hotspots in dental implant nursing were the nursing of peri-implantitis and the classification management of risk factors. Conclusions:The research on dental implant nursing is increasingly receiving attention. Researchers, institutions, and different disciplines in related fields should strengthen cooperation.