Objective:To explore the interaction effects on brain activity between the smoking addiction and weight status by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.Methods:Retrospective analysis of clinical data and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed from 99 recruited subjects from January 2019 to December 2021. All participants were divided into four groups: overweight smokers ( n=24), normal-weight smokers ( n=28), overweight non-smokers ( n=19), and normal weight non-smokers ( n=28). Calculate regional homogeneity (ReHo) to reflect the internal brain activity of the subjects. Two-way ANOVA was used to detect the interaction effects between smoking addiction and overweight on ReHo by SPM12 software, correcting for age, years of education and head motion. Results:The interaction effect between smoking addiction and overweight on ReHo was significant in right superior frontal gyrus(x, y, z=15, 9, 60)(GRF corrected, Pvoxel<0.005, Pcluster<0.05). The ReHo value in the right superior frontal gyrus of overweight smokers was significantly higher than that of normal weight smokers ( t=3.768, P<0.001, Bonferroni corrected). The ReHo values in the right superior frontal gyrus of overweight non-smokers were significantly lower than those of normal weight non-smokers ( t=-3.242, P=0.002, Bonferroni corrected). The ReHo values in the right superior frontal gyurs of normal-weight smokers were significantly lower than those of normal weight non-smokers( t=-3.540, P=0.001, Bonferroni corrected). The ReHo values in the right superior frontal gyrus of overweight smokers were significantly higher than those of overweight non-smokers ( t=3.392, P=0.002, Bonferroni corrected). Correlation analyses showed that the strengthen ReHo value in right superior frontal gyrus was positively associated with pack-year in smoking addicts( r=0.387, P=0.007, Bonferroni corrected). Conclusion:Smoking addiction and overweight have an antagonistic effect on brain activity in the right superior frontal gyrus, which may provide potential therapeutic targets for individuals with comorbidity of smoking addiction and overweight.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between brain gray matter volume (GMV) and interactive effects of smoking addiction and overweight.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 99 subjects recruited from January 2019 to December 2021 through online platforms such as WeChat, including the following four groups: overweight smoking addiction group ( n=24), normal-weight smoking addiction group ( n=28), overweight non-smoking group ( n=19), and normal-weight non-smoking group ( n=28). All subjects underwent 3.0T MRI. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to compare gray matter volume (GMV) among the four groups. A two-way analysis of variance was conducted with age, years of education, and head motion as covariates to explore the interaction effects between smoking addiction and weight status on GMV, the main effect of smoking addiction and main effect of overweight, which were then correlated with clinical data. Results:Significant interactive effects of smoking addiction and overweight were observed in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (GRF corrected, voxel-level P<0.001, cluster-level P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed a quadratic effect between body mass index and left DLPFC GMV (β=-3.846, t=-2.134, P=0.036). Additionally, the main effect of smoking addiction was primarily manifested in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)(GRF corrected, P voxel<0.001, P cluster<0.05). Left OFC GMV was negatively associated with the FTND (Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence) scores ( r=-0.391, P=0.006). And right OFC GMV was negatively correlated with the smoking index ( r=-0.335, P=0.019). No statistically significant main effect of overweight was found at the aforementioned threshold. Conclusion:Smoking addiction and overweight have antagonistic effects on left DLPFC GMV.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the dynamic patterns of intrinsic neural activity and their relationships with Internet Addiction Test (IAT) scores in individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD).Methods:Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning was performed on 33 individuals with IGD (IGD group) who were admitted to the psychiatric department of First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and 40 healthy volunteers (control group) recruited through the online platform. The dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) values were calculated. The two-sample t test was used to analyze the differences of dReHo values between two groups (Gaussian random field corrected, voxel level P<0.001, cluster level P<0.05). Spearman correlation analyses were used to analyze the correlations between IAT scores and dReHo values of brain regions with statistically significant differences between IGD group and control group. Results:Compared with the control group, the IGD group showed increased dReHo values in the right thalamus, right caudate nucleus, left putamen, bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus, bilateral supplementary motor area, and bilateral superior frontal gyrus ( t=3.84-4.94, Gaussian random field corrected, voxel level P<0.001, cluster level P<0.05). The dReHo value in the right medial superior frontal gyrus was positively correlated with IAT scores ( r=0.395, P=0.023) in IGD group. Conclusion:Individuals with IGD exhibited a wide range of abnormal dynamic patterns of intrinsic neural activity in pivotal regions associated with reward processing and cognitive control functions (the fronto-striato-thalamic circuit), providing new insights into the underlying neural mechanisms of IGD.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between brain gray matter volume (GMV) and interactive effects of smoking addiction and overweight.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 99 subjects recruited from January 2019 to December 2021 through online platforms such as WeChat, including the following four groups: overweight smoking addiction group ( n=24), normal-weight smoking addiction group ( n=28), overweight non-smoking group ( n=19), and normal-weight non-smoking group ( n=28). All subjects underwent 3.0T MRI. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to compare gray matter volume (GMV) among the four groups. A two-way analysis of variance was conducted with age, years of education, and head motion as covariates to explore the interaction effects between smoking addiction and weight status on GMV, the main effect of smoking addiction and main effect of overweight, which were then correlated with clinical data. Results:Significant interactive effects of smoking addiction and overweight were observed in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (GRF corrected, voxel-level P<0.001, cluster-level P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed a quadratic effect between body mass index and left DLPFC GMV (β=-3.846, t=-2.134, P=0.036). Additionally, the main effect of smoking addiction was primarily manifested in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)(GRF corrected, P voxel<0.001, P cluster<0.05). Left OFC GMV was negatively associated with the FTND (Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence) scores ( r=-0.391, P=0.006). And right OFC GMV was negatively correlated with the smoking index ( r=-0.335, P=0.019). No statistically significant main effect of overweight was found at the aforementioned threshold. Conclusion:Smoking addiction and overweight have antagonistic effects on left DLPFC GMV.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the dynamic patterns of intrinsic neural activity and their relationships with Internet Addiction Test (IAT) scores in individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD).Methods:Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning was performed on 33 individuals with IGD (IGD group) who were admitted to the psychiatric department of First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and 40 healthy volunteers (control group) recruited through the online platform. The dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) values were calculated. The two-sample t test was used to analyze the differences of dReHo values between two groups (Gaussian random field corrected, voxel level P<0.001, cluster level P<0.05). Spearman correlation analyses were used to analyze the correlations between IAT scores and dReHo values of brain regions with statistically significant differences between IGD group and control group. Results:Compared with the control group, the IGD group showed increased dReHo values in the right thalamus, right caudate nucleus, left putamen, bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus, bilateral supplementary motor area, and bilateral superior frontal gyrus ( t=3.84-4.94, Gaussian random field corrected, voxel level P<0.001, cluster level P<0.05). The dReHo value in the right medial superior frontal gyrus was positively correlated with IAT scores ( r=0.395, P=0.023) in IGD group. Conclusion:Individuals with IGD exhibited a wide range of abnormal dynamic patterns of intrinsic neural activity in pivotal regions associated with reward processing and cognitive control functions (the fronto-striato-thalamic circuit), providing new insights into the underlying neural mechanisms of IGD.