Objective:To explore the application effects of improved case-based learning (CBL) combined with hierarchical and progressive teaching in the standardized training of nuclear medicine resident physicians.Methods:A total of 43 resident physicians who rotated in the nuclear medicine base of our hospital between 2018 and 2023 were selected as the research subjects and divided into an experimental group ( n=22) and a control group ( n=21) according to the order of enrollment. The control group received the traditional teacher-centered teaching model and was divided into junior and senior subgroups according to the training years. The experimental group received the improved CBL combined with hierarchical and progressive teaching. First, through multidimensional evaluation (theoretical testing + standardized case analysis), the students were scientifically divided into preliminary, intermediate, and advanced levels. Subsequently, progressive teaching objectives were set for different levels, and real clinical cases embedded with hierarchical learning tasks were published. During the teaching process, a dynamic discussion mode combining homogeneous and heterogeneous grouping was adopted, and personalized guidance was provided by the teachers. Finally, dynamic hierarchical adjustment was implemented through process evaluation. After the training, the two groups were compared in terms of exit assessment performance (including professional basic theory and practical skills) and teaching satisfaction. Results:The total score of the exit assessment of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group [(86.90±6.78) vs. (75.09±8.45)], and the difference was statistically significant. In terms of practical skill assessment, the experimental group scored higher than the control group in modules such as imaging symptom description [(22.34±2.56) vs. (19.85±3.12)], localization diagnosis [(23.01±2.11) vs. (20.12±2.98)], qualitative diagnosis [(22.89±2.67 vs. 18.67±3.45)], and differential diagnosis [(21.56±2.89) vs. (17.23±3.78)] ( P<0.01). The teaching satisfaction survey showed that the satisfaction scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group in nine domains, including theoretical knowledge mastery, clinical thinking, image interpretation, and learning initiative ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The improved CBL combined with hierarchical and progressive teaching can effectively improve the exit assessment performance, clinical practice skills, and teaching satisfaction of nuclear medicine resident trainees, and is worthy of promotion.

Objective To investigate the effect of remimazolam(Rem)on retinal ischemia-reper-fusion injury(RIRI)in rats and its regulatory mechanism on the high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1)/receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Methods Rats were randomly divided into Sham group,Model group,Rem-L group(low-dose Rem),Rem-M group(medium-dose Rem),Rem-H group(high-dose Rem),and high-dose Rem plus HMGB1 activator dexamethasone(DEX)group(Rem-H+DEX group),with 15 rats in each group.Except for the Sham group,RIRI model was established in the other groups by increasing in-traocular pressure.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the changes in retinal tissue structure in each group.The TUNEL method was used to detect retinal tissue apoptosis.En-zyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was performed to detect the expression levels of interleu-kin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-6(IL-6)in the serum of rats in each group.Kits were used to detect the levels of oxidative stress indicators,including superoxide dis-mutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX),and malondialdehyde(MDA).Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of hypoxia-related factors[hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)]and HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins in retinal tissue.Results Compared with the Sham group,the Model group showed severe retinal edema,a significant decrease in the number of ganglion cells,vacuolar changes in cells with disordered arrangement,and widened cell gaps.With increasing doses of Rem,the degree of retinal edema gradually decreased,the number of ganglion cells increased,and their arrangement became more orderly in RIRI rats.Compared with the Sham group,the Model group exhibited increased ret-inal cell apoptosis rate,serum levels of IL-1 β,IL-6,and TNF-α and increased expression levels of MDA,HMGB1,RAGE,NF-κB,HIF-1α and VEGF in retinal tissue,while the expression levels of SOD and GSH-PX decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the Model group,the Rem-L,Rem-M,and Rem-H groups showed dose-dependent decreases in retinal cell apoptosis rate,serum levels of IL-1 β,IL-6,and TNF-α,and expression levels of MDA,HMGB1,RAGE,NF-κB,HIF-1α and VEGF in retinal tissue,with dose-dependent increases in the expression levels of SOD and GSH-PX(P＜0.05).Compared with the Rem-H group,the Rem-H+DEX group showed reversed trends in the above indicators.Conclusion Rem can inhibit the occurrence of RIRI in rats,and its mecha-nism of action may be related to the regulation of the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the application effects of improved case-based learning (CBL) combined with hierarchical and progressive teaching in the standardized training of nuclear medicine resident physicians.Methods:A total of 43 resident physicians who rotated in the nuclear medicine base of our hospital between 2018 and 2023 were selected as the research subjects and divided into an experimental group ( n=22) and a control group ( n=21) according to the order of enrollment. The control group received the traditional teacher-centered teaching model and was divided into junior and senior subgroups according to the training years. The experimental group received the improved CBL combined with hierarchical and progressive teaching. First, through multidimensional evaluation (theoretical testing + standardized case analysis), the students were scientifically divided into preliminary, intermediate, and advanced levels. Subsequently, progressive teaching objectives were set for different levels, and real clinical cases embedded with hierarchical learning tasks were published. During the teaching process, a dynamic discussion mode combining homogeneous and heterogeneous grouping was adopted, and personalized guidance was provided by the teachers. Finally, dynamic hierarchical adjustment was implemented through process evaluation. After the training, the two groups were compared in terms of exit assessment performance (including professional basic theory and practical skills) and teaching satisfaction. Results:The total score of the exit assessment of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group [(86.90±6.78) vs. (75.09±8.45)], and the difference was statistically significant. In terms of practical skill assessment, the experimental group scored higher than the control group in modules such as imaging symptom description [(22.34±2.56) vs. (19.85±3.12)], localization diagnosis [(23.01±2.11) vs. (20.12±2.98)], qualitative diagnosis [(22.89±2.67 vs. 18.67±3.45)], and differential diagnosis [(21.56±2.89) vs. (17.23±3.78)] ( P<0.01). The teaching satisfaction survey showed that the satisfaction scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group in nine domains, including theoretical knowledge mastery, clinical thinking, image interpretation, and learning initiative ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The improved CBL combined with hierarchical and progressive teaching can effectively improve the exit assessment performance, clinical practice skills, and teaching satisfaction of nuclear medicine resident trainees, and is worthy of promotion.

In order to establish a specific,rapid and convenient method for the detection of Campy-lobacter jejuni(C.jejuni).A set of specific primers and a probe that do not cause false positives were designed with the hipO gene of C.jejuni as the target,and the 5'ends of the downstream primers and probes were labeled with biotin and fluorescein,respectively.C.jejuni-RPA-LFD had no cross-reactivity with Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas,Bacillus cereus,Pasteurella,Proteus mirabilis,and Salmonella typhimurium,and the optimal reaction system was 37 ℃,25 min,and its sensitivity could reach 3.93×100 copies/μL,and 1 × 102 CFU/mL of C.jejuni contaminated stool samples could be detected in the simulated detection.The C.jejuni-RPA-LFD established in this study has the advantages of good specificity,simplicity,rapidity and high sensitivity,which provides an effective way for the rapid diagnosis of C.jejuni and the con-trol of the spread of C.jejuni at the grassroots level of livestock and poultry farming.

In order to investigate the effects of porin genes ompW,ompS and ompD on the biological properties and virulence of Salmonella typhimurium,the corresponding mutant strains were con-structed using the λ Red homologous recombination system,and the growth curves,motility,bio-chemical properties,in vitro genetic stability,biofilm-forming ability,drug resistance,and lethal dose at half capacity(LD50)between the standard strain and each mutant strain were detected by comparative assays for Salmonella typhimurium.The results showed that,compared with the standard strain,the ompD and ompW mutation had less effect on the growth rate and motility of the bacteria,while the ompS mutation significantly reduced the growth rate and motility;none of the three genetic mutation affected the biochemical characteristics of Salmonella typhimurium,nor the genetic stability,but affected its susceptibility to a variety of commonly used antibiotics to varying degrees and caused a highly significant decrease(P＜0.01)in the ability to form a biofilm,and the results showed that the three mutant strains had a significant reduction in the ability to form a biofilm.The result of LD50 virulence assay showed that all three genetic mutation led to a decrease in the virulence of Salmonella typhimurium,among which the ompS mutant strain showed the most obvious decrease in virulence,LD50 was 25 times that of the standard strain.In conclusion,mutations of the pore protein ompW,ompS,and ompD genes can affect some biological properties of Salmonella typhimurium.The results of this study laid an experimental foundation for further research on the biological functions of the pore protein ompW,ompS and ompD genes and Salmonella pathogenicity.

Objective This study aims to develop and validate a dynamic web-based nomogram for predicting kinetophobia in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A prospective design was employed to selectively enroll 330 PCI patients admitted to a hospital in Hangzhou from December 2022 to July 2023.Single-factor analysis and Lasso regression were utilized to identify independent risk factors for kinesophobia post-PCI.Logistic regression was performed using R software,and a nomogram was constructed.The model was assessed through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)and Hosmer-Lemeshow tests.Results There were 206 cases of kinesiophobia in 330 patients after PCI,and the incidence was 62.4％.Logistic regression analysis identified combined heart failure,emergency surgery,NYHA cardiac function grade,ADL level,sedentary behavior,Chinese version of PROMIS Physical Function Summary Table score,and Chinese version of Perceptive Social Support Scale score as independent influencing factors for kinesophobia after PCI(P＜0.05).The AUC value of the model was 0.821,with a sensitivity of 70.4％and specificity of 82.0％.The Hosmer-Lemeshow fit test yielded a non-significant result(x2=9.350,P=0.314).Calibration and decision curves demonstrated the model's favorable calibration and clinical practicability.The C-index of the nomogram prediction model was 0.778,0.774,and 0.800,respectively,by 5-fold cross-validation,10-fold cross-validation,and the Bootstrap method.Conclusion The dynamic nomogram model developed in this study effectively predicts kinesophobia in patients after PCI.It provides valuable references and support for clinical staff in early identification of high-risk patients,enabling the formulation of individualized health education strategies and exercise rehabilitation plans.

In order to establish a specific,rapid and convenient method for the detection of Campy-lobacter jejuni(C.jejuni).A set of specific primers and a probe that do not cause false positives were designed with the hipO gene of C.jejuni as the target,and the 5'ends of the downstream primers and probes were labeled with biotin and fluorescein,respectively.C.jejuni-RPA-LFD had no cross-reactivity with Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas,Bacillus cereus,Pasteurella,Proteus mirabilis,and Salmonella typhimurium,and the optimal reaction system was 37 ℃,25 min,and its sensitivity could reach 3.93×100 copies/μL,and 1 × 102 CFU/mL of C.jejuni contaminated stool samples could be detected in the simulated detection.The C.jejuni-RPA-LFD established in this study has the advantages of good specificity,simplicity,rapidity and high sensitivity,which provides an effective way for the rapid diagnosis of C.jejuni and the con-trol of the spread of C.jejuni at the grassroots level of livestock and poultry farming.

Objective To observe the protective effect of 2% taurine on corneal endothelial cells injured by benzalkonium chloride in rats. Methods Six piece of corneal endodermis and elastic layer tissue slices were prepared from 6 eyes of 3 SPF SD rats and randomly divided into three groups. The corneal endothelial cells of rats were cultured by tissue block culture for 1 day, then the control group cells were added with 2% taurine solution, while the experimental group cells were added with 2% taurine solution and 0.01% or 0.03% benzalkonium chloride solution. After 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8 days of continuous culture, the growth of corneal endothelial cells in each group was observed under an inverted microscope, and the morphology of endothelial cells was observed under an optical microscope after Wright staining. Results Treated with 0.01% benzalkonium chloride and 2% taurine for 1 day, polygonal endothelial cells appeared on the edge of corneal tissue mass, and the cells were transparent. After 2 days, the number of polygonal cells increased, and there was no fusion growth between cells. After 3 days, the number of polygonal cells decreased and no mitotic signs were observed in endothelial cells. After 4 days, the endothelial nuclei were deeply stained and polygonal cells were rare. After 5 days, the number of endothelial cells decreased, and cell body shrinkage and death occurred. In the experimental group treated with 0.03% benzalammonium chloride and 2% taurine for 1 day, no endothelial cell growth was observed and the cells were sparsely-scattered. In control group, polygonal endothelial cells and a few endothelium-like polygon cells appeared at the edge of tissue blocks after 1 day. After 3 days, the number of polygonal cells at the edge of tissue blocks increased, and there was a phenomenon of gradual fusion growth. After 5 days, the number of endothelial cells increased, and the cells were mostly hexagonal. After 8 days, the endothelial cells formed large sheets, the cell bodies were hexagonal or round, and the nuclei were divided. The growth of corneal endothelial cells in the left and right eyes was uniform, and there was no significant difference in the morphology of the left and right eye endothelial cells in the 0.01% and 0.03% benzalammonium chloride treatment groups and the control group. Conclusion 2% taurine had no protective effect on corneal endothelial cells injured by benzalammonium chloride.

Objective:To investigate postoperative pathological diagnosis upgrade of high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in postmenopausal women and its influencing factors.Methods:Clinicopathologic data of 378 post-menopausal women with HSIL who underwent cervical conization or total hysterectomy in Shanxi Bethune Hospital between January 2017 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether the pathological diagnosis was upgraded after operation, they were divided into upgraded group and non-upgraded group. The clinicopathological characteristics of both groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative pathological upgrade.Results:Among 387 patients, 28 patients (7.2%) were postoperatively upgraded to cervical cancer. Compared with the non-upgraded group, the proportions of the following indexes in the upgraded group were higher [the proportion of HSIL detected by cervical thinprep cytologic test (TCT): 57.1% (16/28) vs. 44.6% (160/359); the proportion of HSIL detected by colposcopic impression: 89.3% (25/28) vs. 59.3% (213/359); the proportion of glandular involvement: 46.4% (13/28) vs. 24.0% (86/359); the number of lesion involvement ≥ 2: 82.1% (23/28) vs. 59.6% (214/359); the proportion of positive endocervical curettage (ECC): 64.3% (18/28) vs. 46.0% (165/359)]; and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the proportions of patients stratified by menopausal duration, colporrhagia, gravidity frequency, reproductive frequency, human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 infection and multiple HPV infection (all P > 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis found that colposcopic impression of HSIL ( OR = 6.195, 95% CI 1.432-26.804), glandular involvement ( OR = 2.468, 95% CI 1.050-5.801), and ECC positive ( OR = 3.477,95% CI 1.028-11.764) were independent risk factors for postoperatively upgraded to cancer for postmenopausal HSIL patients in women (all P < 0.05). Conclusion:For post-menopausal women, patients with colposcopic impression of HSIL, glandular involvement and ECC positive should be alert to the risk of postoperatively pathological upgrade.

Objective To prospectively survey the well-known experts of critical care and endocrine secretion to summarize their experience in treating diabetes mellitus complicated by sepsis for the purpose of providing guidance of theory and practice in making treatment schemes of traditional Chinese medicine for such disease.Methods The questionnaires were designed and submitted to the experts.The statistic analysis was undertook to investigate the rules.Results A total of 30 questionnaires were released and 28 were retrieved.The experts generally believed that eight-principle syndrome differentiation was the most useful method in the syndrome differentiation and treatment of this disease.The heat,stasis and toxin were usually acted as the main pathogenic factors while damp and phlegm commonly act as secondary pathogenic factors.They thought that weak body resistance under the invading of evil was the key mechanisms in the deterioration of the disease and they chose clearing heat,activating blood and detoxication as 3 core treatment principles.Conclusions The summarized opinions from the experts should be act as important reference in treating this disease,but its effectiveness and possibility for further generalization need to be validated in the clinical practice.