Abstract Nutritional literacy is an important component of health literacy and closely related to adolescents dietary habits and health conditions. Improving nutrition literacy not only helps adolescents to make healthier dietary choices but also aids in disease prevention. The article systematically reviews the individual and environmental factors influencing adolescent nutrition literacy, with a focus on exploring innovative intervention strategies based on traditional school interventions, new media platforms and virtual reality technology, so as to provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for improving the nutrition literacy and overall health of Chinese adolescents.

Objective To explore the effect of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C)on the diameters of retinal arteries and veins in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 102 patients with T2DM who treated in Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University from January to September 2024 were selected and divided into Group A(LDL-C＜2.6mmol/L,35 cases),Group B(2.6mmol/L≤LDL-C＜3.4mmol/L,33 cases)and Group C(LDL-C≥3.4mmol/L,34 cases)according to the LDL-C level.The clinical data and color fundus photos of the patients were collected.The superior temporal retinal arteriolar equivalent(RAE)and superior temporal retinal venular equivalent(RVE)in the left eye of patients were measured,and the ratio of arteriovenous diameters(AVR)was calculated.The correlation between LDL-C levels and retinal vascular diameters was analyzed.Results There were statistically significant differences in levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides,as well as the proportions of patients with coronary heart disease and diabetic retinopathy(DR)among the three groups(P＜0.05).With the progression of DR,the level of LDL-C gradually increases(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in RAE and AVR among patients with different DR stages(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in RAE and AVR among three groups of patients(P＜0.05).Correlation analysis showed that RAE and AVR were negatively correlated with LDL-C(P＜0.05).Conclusion With the increase of LDL-C level,the degree of DR aggravates,and RAE and AVR decrease accordingly.However,there is no significant correlation between LDL-C and RVE.

Objective To explore the relationship between the triglyceride glucose(TyG)index and 2-year cognitive function changes.Methods A total of 101 elderly patients who were hospitalized at Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University from September to December 2022 were selected.The cognitive function was evaluated using Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale.According to the baseline TyG index,the subjects were divided into high TyG index group(TyG index≥ 8.79,51 cases)and low TyG index group(TyG index＜8.79,50 cases).Using a binary Logistic regression model to adjust for confounding factors,the association between TyG index and cognitive decline was analyzed.Results The Spearman correlation analysis results showed that TyG index was negatively correlated with the change value of cognitive function(r=-0.243,P＜0.05).The incidence of cognitive function decline in high TyG index group was significantly higher than that in low TyG index group(43.1％vs.24.0％,P=0.042).After adjusting for confounding factors,the risk of cognitive function decline in high TyG index group was 2.971 times that of low TyG index group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The TyG index of elderly hospitalized patients is correlated with 2-year cognitive function changes.The TyG index may serve as a potential biomarker for early detection of cognitive function decline.

Objective To explore the application effect of foot massage based on the brain-gut axis theory in patients with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and suffering from insomnia,and to provide references for improving patients' sleep quality and gastrointestinal symptoms.Methods A total of 88 patients with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and suffering from insomnia,who were treated at a Blood Purification Center of a tertiary-A general hospital in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province from April to September 2024,were selected as a study subjects.They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group using the random number table method,with 44 cases in each group.The experimental group received foot massage based on the guidance of the brain-gut axis theory in addition to conventional treatment and nursing care,while the control group received conventional treatment and nursing care only.The intervention lasted for 3 months.The differences in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scores,Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale(GSRS)scores,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,and serum 5-hydroxytryptamine and melatonin levels between the 2 groups before and after the intervention were compared.Results During the study period,no cases were lost in the experimental group,while 5 cases were lost in the control group.Ultimately,44 cases were included in the experimental group and 39 cases in the control group.After the intervention,the PSQI scores,GSRS scores,and TCM syndrome scores in both groups were lower than those before the intervention,and those in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group.The serum 5-hydroxytryptamine and melatonin levels were higher than those before the intervention,and the levels in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.001).Conclusion Foot massage based on the brain-gut axis theory can improve gastrointestinal symptoms and TCM syndromes in patients with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and suffering from insomnia,and enhance their sleep quality.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of shortening the time of long exercise test (LET) from 120 to 60 minutes by analyzing the positive rate within 60 minutes among periodic paralysis (PP) patients who were positive in 120-minute test.Methods:The data of patients undergoing 120-minute LET from January 2015 to October 2021 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed, with 30%, 33%, and 40% as diagnostic cut-off values, respectively. PP patients with positive results within 120 minutes after exercise were enrolled in the study. The positive rate within 30 minutes and 60 minutes after exercise was calculated. The change rates of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and the sensitivity and specificity of LET at 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes after exercise were analyzed. The change rate of CMAP amplitude in PP patients who did not show positive results within 60 minutes was further calculated.Results:A total of 254 patients were examined, including 114 PP patients. With 30%, 33%, and 40% as diagnostic cut-off values, the results showed that there were 88, 88, and 82 positive PP patients, respectively. Under each diagnostic cut-off values, the age of positive PP patients was (32±10) years, with a male proportion of 98% (86/88), 98% (86/88), and 99% (81/82), respectively; the positive rate of PP patients within 30 minutes after exercise was 60% (53/88), 58% (51/88), and 41% (34/82), respectively; the positive rate of PP patients within 60 minutes after exercise was 91% (80/88), 86% (76/88), and 83% (68/82), respectively. At the cut-off values of 30%, 33% and 40%, the change rate of CMAP amplitude at 30 minutes [-36% (-49%, -23%), -36% (-49%, -23%), -37% (-51%, -24%)], 60 minutes [-51% (-66%, -40%), -51% (-66%, -40%), -53% (-66%, -42%)] and 120 minutes [-57% (-67%, -45%), -57% (-67%, -45%), -58% (-67%, -46%)] after exercise showed statistically significant difference among 3 time points ( H=57.764, 57.764, 59.616, respectively, all P<0.001); the further comparison between time points showed that there was statistically significant difference in the change rate of CMAP amplitude between 60 minutes ( Z=5.419, 5.419, 5.531, respectively, all P<0.001), 120 minutes ( Z=7.325, 7.325, 7.431, respectively, all P<0.001) and 30 minutes after exercise, but there was no statistically significant difference in the change rate of CMAP amplitude between 120 minutes and 60 minutes after exercise ( Z=1.906, 1.906, 1.899, respectively, all P>0.05); the sensitivity of LET for the diagnosis of PP at 60 minutes after exercise was 70.2% (80/114), 66.7% (76/114) and 59.6% (68/114), and the specificity of LET for the diagnosis of PP was 77.9% (109/140), 84.3% (118/140) and 91.4%(128/140), respectively. When 30%, 33% and 40% were used as the diagnostic cut-off values, and the change rate of CMAP amplitude at 60 minutes after exercise fell below these cut-off values but showed a decline of ≥20%, ≥22% and ≥24%, respectively, the detection time should be extended to 120 minutes. Conclusions:Whether using 30%, 33%, or 40% as diagnostic cut-off values, it is feasible to shorten the LET time from 120 minutes to 60 minutes. The 60-minute LET has good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of PP. It is recommended to extend the detection time to 120 minutes for patients with a ≥20%, ≥22%, or ≥24% decline in CMAP amplitude at 60 minutes after exercise while falling short of corresponding diagnostic cut-off values when 30%, 33%, and 40% are used as diagnostic cut-off values. This method can not only improve the examination efficiency of LET, but also minimize the missed diagnosis as much as possible.

Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is an important cause of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. For patients with atherosclerotic stroke, it is recommended to use high-intensity statins, cholesterol absorption inhibitors and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors for lipid-lowering treatment. This article reviews the current roles of statins and PCSK9 inhibitors in lowering lipids, reducing ischemic events, reducing the degree of vascular stenosis and the effect on atherosclerotic plaque in patients with symptomatic ICAS.

Background:To compare the efficacy and safety of monthly administrations of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists LY01005 and Zoladex ? in Chinese patients with premenopausal breast cancer. Methods:From October 2020 to November 2021, 188 premenopausal breast cancer patients were enrolled in 34 hospitals and randomized 1:1 to receive either LY01005 or Zoladex ? every 28 days for a total of three injections. All patients concomitantly received oral tamoxifen (TAM). The primary efficacy endpoint was cumulative probability of maintaining menopausal level [oestradiol (E2) ≤30 pg/ml] from day 29 to day 85. The second efficacy endpoint included changes in E2, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) compared with the baseline. Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety were analyzed. The study also evaluated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of LY01005. Results:A total of 188 patients were randomised and 187 patients received either LY01005 or Zoladex ?. Cumulative probabilities of maintaining menopausal level (E2≤30 pg/ml) from day 29 to day 85 were 93.1% for LY01005 and 86.3% for Zoladex ?. The between-group difference was 6.8% (95% CI: -2.3%, 15.9%) and primary efficacy in the LY01005 group was not inferior to that in the Zoladex ? group. Changes in E2, LH, and FSH levels compared with the baseline were equivalent between the two groups (E2: 89.34% to 90.23% vs. 82.11% to 85.02%; LH: 88.89% to 95.52% vs. 89.70% to 97.02%; FSH: 75.36% to 80.85% vs.73.07% to 80.24%, respectively). After three consecutive doses of LY01005, the LH and FSH levels of the subjects showed a transient increase after the first dose, reached a peak on the second day and then started to decrease. The LH and FSH reached a lower level and remained at or below that level until the 85th day. Both treatments were well-tolerated. Conclusion:LY01005 is as effective as Zoladex ? in suppressing E2 to menopausal levels in Chinese patients with premenopausal breast cancer, with a similar safety profile.

To provide scientific guidance and standardization for perioperative clinical nursing practice in patients undergoing percutaneous renal biopsy, relevant evidence on percutaneous renal biopsy nursing care was systematically retrieved and synthesized through an evidence-based approach. After two rounds of Delphi expert consultation and expert panel discussions, expert consensus on perioperative clinical nursing standards for patients undergoing percutaneous renal biopsy (hereinafter referred to as the "Consensus") was developed. The Consensus includes three primary themes: preoperative care, intraoperative care, and postoperative care, encompassing 21 secondary themes. It is characterized by scientific rigor, practical applicability, and comprehensiveness, and serves as a valuable reference and guide for clinical nursing professionals across medical institutions.

Objective To explore the relationship between the triglyceride glucose(TyG)index and 2-year cognitive function changes.Methods A total of 101 elderly patients who were hospitalized at Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University from September to December 2022 were selected.The cognitive function was evaluated using Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale.According to the baseline TyG index,the subjects were divided into high TyG index group(TyG index≥ 8.79,51 cases)and low TyG index group(TyG index＜8.79,50 cases).Using a binary Logistic regression model to adjust for confounding factors,the association between TyG index and cognitive decline was analyzed.Results The Spearman correlation analysis results showed that TyG index was negatively correlated with the change value of cognitive function(r=-0.243,P＜0.05).The incidence of cognitive function decline in high TyG index group was significantly higher than that in low TyG index group(43.1％vs.24.0％,P=0.042).After adjusting for confounding factors,the risk of cognitive function decline in high TyG index group was 2.971 times that of low TyG index group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The TyG index of elderly hospitalized patients is correlated with 2-year cognitive function changes.The TyG index may serve as a potential biomarker for early detection of cognitive function decline.

Objective To explore the application effect of foot massage based on the brain-gut axis theory in patients with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and suffering from insomnia,and to provide references for improving patients' sleep quality and gastrointestinal symptoms.Methods A total of 88 patients with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and suffering from insomnia,who were treated at a Blood Purification Center of a tertiary-A general hospital in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province from April to September 2024,were selected as a study subjects.They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group using the random number table method,with 44 cases in each group.The experimental group received foot massage based on the guidance of the brain-gut axis theory in addition to conventional treatment and nursing care,while the control group received conventional treatment and nursing care only.The intervention lasted for 3 months.The differences in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scores,Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale(GSRS)scores,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,and serum 5-hydroxytryptamine and melatonin levels between the 2 groups before and after the intervention were compared.Results During the study period,no cases were lost in the experimental group,while 5 cases were lost in the control group.Ultimately,44 cases were included in the experimental group and 39 cases in the control group.After the intervention,the PSQI scores,GSRS scores,and TCM syndrome scores in both groups were lower than those before the intervention,and those in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group.The serum 5-hydroxytryptamine and melatonin levels were higher than those before the intervention,and the levels in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.001).Conclusion Foot massage based on the brain-gut axis theory can improve gastrointestinal symptoms and TCM syndromes in patients with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and suffering from insomnia,and enhance their sleep quality.