An overview of the application of association rule mining(ARM)in real-world study(RWD)on drug safety to inform pharmacovigilance real-world data analysis.The applications of ARM in RWD of drug safety were divided into single drug/vaccine signal detection,combined medication risk mining,multidimensional risk factor analysis and adverse drug event occurrence characterization based on passive monitoring data;medication characterization pattern analysis,auxiliary epidemiological study design and risk mining of the whole dataset based on active monitoring data.In general,foreign scholars pay more attention to method rule setting,performance evaluation and application research,while domestic scholars pay more attention to multidimensional risk factor analysis,adverse drug event occurrence pattern,and clinical drug use characteristics research.With the accumulation of medical data and the continuous development of data mining technology,ARM may provide new ideas for RWD on drug safety.

The reliability and practicality of research findings in health economics are gradually becoming core issues of close concern for clinical and public health experts. As healthcare resources remain under increasing pressure, conducting efficient cost-effectiveness analyses and achieving rational resource allocation are becoming ever more critical. In recent years, medical laboratory health economics has transitioned from purely academic discussions to integration into clinical practice, becoming a key tool for improving the efficiency and quality of healthcare services. It has demonstrated remarkable results in optimizing patient management and medical decision-making processes. So we invited experts from the fields of medical laboratory science and health economics to share valuable experiences and unique insights on topics such as cost assessment methods, pricing strategies, quality regulation, and the role of medical laboratory health economics in enhancing clinical practice and patient benefits. These experts generally agree that, while research in medical laboratory health economics has shown significant advantages and effectively addressed urgent clinical needs in resource allocation and cost control, it still faces multiple challenges, including limitations in research methodology application, high operational costs, and insufficient standardization of management systems.

Objective: To explore the relationship between sleep quality and executive function among middle school students, so as to provide theoretical support for the promotion of adolescents physical and mental health development. Methods: From September to December 2023, 5 713 junior and senior high school students aged 13 to 18 were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method from Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan, Wuyuan, Xingyi, and Urumqi. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to conduct sleep quality survey. And conduct executive function was tested on middle school students, including inhibitory function, refresh function and conversion function tests. Spearman correlation and linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and executive function of middle school students. Results: The total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score of boys was [4.0(2.0,6.0)] and that of girls was [5.0(3.0,6.0)], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-10.90, P < 0.01 ). The total PSQI score of boys was positively correlated with both 2-back reaction time and conversion function of executive function ( r =0.04, 0.04); the total PSQI score of girls was negatively correlated with 2-back reaction time ( r =-0.04) ( P <0.05). After controlling for variables such as mental health, physical activity and nutritional status,linear regression analyses showed that PSQI total score of middle school students was positively correlated with the inhibitory function and the conversion function response time [ B (95% CI )=1.28(0.21-2.34), 7.62(2.34-12.90), P <0.05]; the associations of total PSQI scores among middle school students with both 2-back and 1-back response time were not statistically significant [ B (95% CI )=-5.88(-16.14-4.37), 8.05( -3.39 -19.50), P >0.05]. Conclusion Positive correlations are observed on sleep quality with inhibitory and conversion functions of executive function among middle school students.

An overview of the application of association rule mining(ARM)in real-world study(RWD)on drug safety to inform pharmacovigilance real-world data analysis.The applications of ARM in RWD of drug safety were divided into single drug/vaccine signal detection,combined medication risk mining,multidimensional risk factor analysis and adverse drug event occurrence characterization based on passive monitoring data;medication characterization pattern analysis,auxiliary epidemiological study design and risk mining of the whole dataset based on active monitoring data.In general,foreign scholars pay more attention to method rule setting,performance evaluation and application research,while domestic scholars pay more attention to multidimensional risk factor analysis,adverse drug event occurrence pattern,and clinical drug use characteristics research.With the accumulation of medical data and the continuous development of data mining technology,ARM may provide new ideas for RWD on drug safety.

The reliability and practicality of research findings in health economics are gradually becoming core issues of close concern for clinical and public health experts. As healthcare resources remain under increasing pressure, conducting efficient cost-effectiveness analyses and achieving rational resource allocation are becoming ever more critical. In recent years, medical laboratory health economics has transitioned from purely academic discussions to integration into clinical practice, becoming a key tool for improving the efficiency and quality of healthcare services. It has demonstrated remarkable results in optimizing patient management and medical decision-making processes. So we invited experts from the fields of medical laboratory science and health economics to share valuable experiences and unique insights on topics such as cost assessment methods, pricing strategies, quality regulation, and the role of medical laboratory health economics in enhancing clinical practice and patient benefits. These experts generally agree that, while research in medical laboratory health economics has shown significant advantages and effectively addressed urgent clinical needs in resource allocation and cost control, it still faces multiple challenges, including limitations in research methodology application, high operational costs, and insufficient standardization of management systems.

Objective:To explore the influence of age on the passive stiffness of women′s quadriceps muscles and the relationship between stiffness and muscle functioning.Methods:Twenty healthy elderly women formed the senior-aged group, while 20 young, healthy women were selected as the young group. The passive stiffness of the subjects′ vastus medialis, rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles was measured using ultrasound shear wave imaging with the knee flexed to 30°, 60°, 90° and 105°. Both groups completed the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and the five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST). Maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MIVC) strength during knee extension was also measured.Results:The passive muscle stiffness of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles was significantly greater in the senior-aged group when the knee was flexed at 60°, 90° or 105°. The 6MWT and FTSST times of the young group were of course significantly better, and their MIVC at 60° and 90° of knee flexion was also significantly stronger. Rectus femoris stiffness among the senior-aged group was negatively correlated with MIVC when the knee was flexed at 60°.Conclusions:The passive stiffness of the muscles studied increases with age, especially in stretching. When the knee joint is flexed at 60° there tends to be a negative correlation between the MIVC of the quadriceps femoris and the stiffness of the rectus femoris among elderly females.

Periodontitis is caused by overactive osteoclast activity that results in the loss of periodontal supporting tissue and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are essential for periodontal regeneration. However, the hypoxic periodontal microenvironment during periodontitis induces the apoptosis of MSCs. Apoptotic bodies (ABs) are the major product of apoptotic cells and have been attracting increased attention as potential mediators for periodontitis treatment, thus we investigated the effects of ABs derived from MSCs on periodontitis. MSCs were derived from bone marrows of mice and were cultured under hypoxic conditions for 72 h, after which ABs were isolated from the culture supernatant using a multi-filtration system. The results demonstrate that ABs derived from MSCs inhibited osteoclast differentiation and alveolar bone resorption. miRNA array analysis showed that miR-223-3p is highly enriched in those ABs and is critical for their therapeutic effects. Targetscan and luciferase activity results confirmed that Itgb1 is targeted by miR-223-3p, which interferes with the function of osteoclasts. Additionally, DC-STAMP is a key regulator that mediates membrane infusion. ABs and pre-osteoclasts expressed high levels of DC-STAMP on their membranes, which mediates the engulfment of ABs by pre-osteoclasts. ABs with knock-down of DC-STAMP failed to be engulfed by pre-osteoclasts. Collectively, MSC-derived ABs are targeted to be engulfed by pre-osteoclasts via DC-STAMP, which rescued alveolar bone loss by transferring miR-223-3p to osteoclasts, which in turn led to the attenuation of their differentiation and bone resorption. These results suggest that MSC-derived ABs are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of periodontitis.
Humans ; Osteoclasts ; Alveolar Bone Loss/therapy* ; Cell Differentiation ; MicroRNAs ; Periodontitis/therapy* ; Extracellular Vesicles ; Apoptosis ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Objective To explore the effect of quality control circles (QCCs) in improving the delivery health checkup report.Methods QCC was founded with the theme of"improving the quality of health checkup report delivery."First,we planned an activity schedule and identified topics.We then set target focuses for service personnel,distribution modes,and operating environments;planned countermeasures;and selected optimal policies.Circle members implemented the optimal policies jointly.Reports of physical examinations by the Guoyu health management center were selected and analyzed.The total number of reports before improvement (January to December 2015) was 59 189 of which 34 549 (58.4％) were male patients and 24 640 (41.6％) were female patients;their average age was (37.7± 11.4) years.The total number of reports after improvement (December 2016 to January 2017) was 6 568,of which 3 881 (59.1％) were male patients and 2 687(40.9％) were female patients;their average age was (39.9± 11.7) years.We compared the quality indicators and evaluated the comprehensive quality of the patients before and after improvement.A total of 65 531 physical examination reports of subjects examined at the center between February and December 2017 were selected for effect tracking,including 39 230 (59.9％) men and 26 301(40.1％) women,aged (38.1±11.5).Results The on-time delivery rate of the health examination reports from rose from 51.4％ to 94.0％.The ratio of system leakage to sign for reports decreased from 14.5％ to 0.8％.The average time between the examination and when each report was handed over to for distribution decreased from 29.8 hours to 4.2 hours,and the average time between each report being distributed to the providers checking in dropped from 509.8 hours to 72.8 hours,while the average time for the preparation of each report for delivery decreased from 13.5 seconds to 3.1 seconds.The average time between delivery of a report and its being signed decreased from 4.3 seconds to 0.1 seconds.Before the improvement,the expected goals were not met.After improvement,the delivery rate of the health examination reports was 100.0％,the delivery intact rate of the group reports was 100.0％,and the satisfaction rate of the group reports was 99.4％.The comprehensive quality for the members was obviously higher after the improvement than before.After 11 months of tracking,the delivery accuracy rate of health examination report still failed to reach the target value of 100.0％,but all other indicators reached the target value,with good results.Conclusions Application of QCC not only improved the delivery the health checkup reports,but also promoted service quality after medical examinations and ended medical dispute caused by the loss of physical examination reports.

Objective To understand the situation of knowledge,attitude and practice (KAP) of sheep farmers and field veterinarians towards brucellosis prevention,and find out the potentially influential factors.Methods From March to September in 2017,1 067 sheep farmers and 401 field veterinarians were selected as participates,and questionnaire survey was carried out.Percentage rate was used to describe the situation of KAP.Nonparametric test was used to compare the KAP score difference.Results The overall awareness in sheep farmers and field veterinarians was 64.2％ and 80.1％,respectively.In addition,there were 17.3％ (185/1067) sheep farmers and 12.2％ (49/401) field veterinarians had never heard of brucellosis.The knowledge awareness in sheep farmers and field veterinarians was 62.6％ and 79.0％,respectively,75.8％ and 83.8％ of them had positive attitude to brucellosis prevention,54.1％ and 77.6％ of them had good practice habit.They hoped in the future,more information could be received through TVs,and then was internet or broadcasting.Sheep farmers who from first class region,age less than 45 years,education higher than junior high school,feeding time less than 5 years and sheep ever infected with brucellosis (U =4.85,3.08,3.29,2.20,6.62,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01),had higher KAP scores than others.Field veterinarians,who had lower education,had lower KAP scores (U =4.29,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The awareness of sheep farmers and field veterinarians still need to improve and strengthen.Some suggestions are put forward:improve intervention pattern,optimize content and method,pay attention to use new media.

Objective To observe the effects of repeated low and high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on neuropathic pain and the expression of specific activation markers of astrocytes and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the lumbar spinal cord.Methods Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group,a sham-rTMS group,a 1 Hz group and a 20 Hz group,with 7 in each group.The rats in the sham-operated group had their sciatic nerve exposed without ligation,while the other groups underwent sciatic nerve ligation to induce neuropathic pain.Three days after the operation,rTMS was applied to the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the pain once a day for 10 consecutive days.Pain-related behavior and thermal pain response were tested before the operation and before and after the course of rTMS therapy.The expression of GFAP in the lumbar spinal cord was examined.Results All of the rats which underwent sciatic nerve ligation showed pain-related behavior and significantly decreasing thermal pain latency compared with the sham-operated group.After the rTMS therapy the thermal hyperalgia was significantly attenuated in the 20 Hz group but not in the 1 Hz group compared with the sham-rTMS group.The expression of GFAP in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord ipsilateral to the neuropathic pain was significantly increased in the sham-rTMS group and the 1 Hz group compared with the sham-operated group.Compared with the sham-rTMS group,GFAP levels were significantly lower in the 20 Hz group but not in the 1 Hz group.The pain relief in the 20 Hz group was negatively related to the expression of GFAP.Conclusions Neuropathic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury is associated with increased activity and proliferation of astrocytes in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord.High-frequency rTMS can relieve neuropathic pain through inhibiting the activity and proliferation of astrocytes in the dorsal horns,but low-frequency rTMS has no clinically significant effect.