With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of synthetic MRI methods in the differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods:Clinical and imaging data of 93 breast patients confirmed by pathology in the Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from May 2019 to April 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent synthetic MRI technique, and the quantitative parameters of T 1, T 2, and proton density (PD) values were measured. Independent samples t-test and Wilcoxon test were used to compare the differences in clinical and imaging characteristics between the benign and malignant breast lesions. ROC curve was used for the comparison of the diagnostic efficacy of the quantitative parameters in differentiating malignant from benign breast lesions. Results:Of the 93 patients with breast lesions, 62 cases were malignant and 31 cases were benign. The quantitative T 2 values for benign and malignant lesions were 103 (93, 126)ms and 83 (77, 90)ms respectively, and the quantitative PD values were 87.7 (72.7, 96.7)pu and 73.5(63.3, 79.4)pu respectively. There were statistically significant differences between benign and malignant lesion( P<0.05). Taking quantitative T 2 values of 90.5 ms and PD values of 84.8 pu as the cut-off value, the area under the ROC curve in differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions were 0.87 and 0.75, accuracy values were 80.6% and 78.5%, specificity values were 87.1% and 54.8%, sensitivity values were 77.4% and 90.3% respectively. Conclusion:Synthetic MRI methods can be applied in the examination of breast lesions and has the potential to be an effective diagnostic method for the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesions of breast.

Objective:To analyze the changing trend of polio vaccine immunization effectiveness and vaccine titer in Beijing in 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018 before and after the adjustment of polio vaccine immunization program strategy.Methods:According to the convenient sampling method,the vaccination clinics of Chaoyang and Yanqing Districts in 2012, Fengtai and Daxing Districts in 2014, Tongzhou and Pinggu Districts in 2016, Dongcheng and Shunyi Districts in 2018 were selected as monitoring points. A total of 292 children were selected 4-8 weeks after the completion of 3 doses polio vaccine basic immunization which were 3 doses of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine（tOPV）schedule before the strategy adjustment in 2012-2014 and 1 dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) following 2 doses of bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) sequential schedule after the adjustment in 2016-2018. About 1.0 ml blood samples were collected to detect type Ⅰ and Ⅲ neutralizing poliovirus antibody. A total of 9 oral poliovirus vaccines (8 vaccines in 2012) were selected from different sources of vaccine storage every year to test the vaccine titer using random number method .Results:The [ M（ P25， P75）] age of 292 children was 5 (5, 6) months, and the ratio of male to female was 1.04 (149/143). In 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018, 66,72,68 and 86 children were investigated respectively. After basic immunization, antibody positive rates for type Ⅰ and Ⅲ poliovirus were 100%, except 98.61% (71) for type Ⅰ poliovirus in 2014. The neutralizing antibody titer of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ poliovirus was higher in 2016 and 2018 than that in 2012 and 2014 ( P<0.001). The average titer of tOPV were (6.05±0.15) and (6.16±0.12) lgCCID 50 per dose in 2012 and 2014. The average titer of bOPV were (6.88±0.21) and (6.26±0.14) lgCCID 50 per 100 μl in 2016 and 2018 ( P<0.001). Conclusion:Before and after the adjustment of polio vaccine immunization strategy in Beijing, the basic immunization success rate of the IPV-bOPV sequential immunization schedule was good as well as full tOPV schedule. The level of polio antibody produced by the IPV-bOPV sequential immunization schedule was higher. After adjustment, bOPV titer in 2016 was significantly higher than those before adjustment, while bOPV titer decreased significantly in 2018.

OBJECTIVE：To understand the current management situation and problems of residual drugs in medical institutions in China ，evaluate the practice effect of corresponding control mode of our hospital and to explore the countermeasures to reduce the production of residual drugs and standardize its management. METHODS ：By random sampling ，30 third-level hospitals and 20 second-level hospitals in different regions were selected respectively during May 1st to 31st in 2019. For the pharmaceutical personnel，doctors，nurses and other non-pharmaceutical personnel ，a self-designed questionnaire on the status quo of residual drugs in medical institutions was issued. Excel 2010 software was used to count basic data of valid questionnaire ，and the causes ， management status ，disposal status and possible hazards of residual drugs in medical institutions were analyzed. A management mode of residual drugs was established and implemented （involving reducing the generation of sources ，implementing process management，and strictly implementing disposal ）. The effects of the model were evaluated ，then the countermeasures and suggestions were put forward . RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：A total of 400 questionnaires were sent out ，and 311 valid questionnaires were collected with effective recovery rate of 77.75％. The causes of drug residual were complicated ，which included the“combination”of the same drugs ，the pre-order dispensing ，adverse drug reactions ，poor compliance of patients ，wrong order imput，sudden transfer ，discharge or death of patients ，wrong dispensing or nurse check error ，etc. The management status of residual drugs was chaotic ，the disposal methods lacked of standardization ，which may lead to harm such as deterioration ，illegal Δ 基金项目：重庆市技术预见与制度创新项目（No.cstc2018jsyj- recycling and pollution . The established whole-link residual zdcxX0093） drug management model in our hospital ，mainly included ＊主管药师 ，硕士。研究方向 ：药事管理 、抗肿瘤药理 。电话： measures of introducing Clinical Departments Residual Drug 023-68774769。E-mail：513293274@qq.com Safety Management Regulations to clarify the responsibilities # 通信作者：主任药师，博士生导师，博士。研究方向：药事管理、 of management group ， clinical department ， pharmacy 临床药学。电话：023-68755580。E-mail：zrcq73@163.com department； using rational medication control software to 中国药房 2020年第31卷第8期 China Pharmacy 2020Vol. 31 No. 8 ·897· reduce prescription error ；increasing the frequ ency of drug inventory ；introducing Drug Withdrawal and Refund Management to clear out drug withdrwal process ；independently researching and developing “Residual Drug Recovery Management System ”to standardize and simplify the recovery process ；bringing the residual drugs into special fund project management for medical assistance. According to the operation management practice from Jan. to Oct. 2018，a total of more than 1 million yuan worth of residual drugs were recovered. The residual drugs that did not meet the recovery conditions should be destroyed according to the specified process ，and the case number of non-standard notification of ward management would significantly reduced. The whole-link mode management established by our hospital can effectively reduce the production of residual drugs and standardize their management and disposal. It is suggested that the state or province should issue special regulations on the management of residual drugs in medical institutions ，and each medical institution should formulate specific management measures suitable for its own unit. Meanwhile ，the management of residual drugs in medical institutions should be further standardized systematically by actively exploring the ways to reduce residual drugs ，formulating the corresponding financial account processing standards ， supporting incentive mechanism and other measures.

The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan in December 2019, is a new infectious disease. The disease is highly contagious, and the correct selection of effective disinfectants is essential. This article analyzed the environmental resistance of coronavirus and its sensitivity to commonly used disinfectants by reviewing domestic and foreign literatures, and concluded that coronavirus has strong survivability in the environment, but it can be efficiently inactivated by most disinfectants. However, it should be noted that the commonly used concentration of chlorine-containing disinfectants (effective chlorine concentration of 500 mg/L) cannot quickly kill coronavirus, and a concentration of 1 000 mg/L or higher is required. Other biocidal agents, such as benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate, are less effective. This article aimed to provide references for selecting the appropriate disinfectants and disinfection methods to cut off the spread of the virus.

Objective:To analyze the changing trend of polio vaccine immunization effectiveness and vaccine titer in Beijing in 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018 before and after the adjustment of polio vaccine immunization program strategy.Methods:According to the convenient sampling method,the vaccination clinics of Chaoyang and Yanqing Districts in 2012, Fengtai and Daxing Districts in 2014, Tongzhou and Pinggu Districts in 2016, Dongcheng and Shunyi Districts in 2018 were selected as monitoring points. A total of 292 children were selected 4-8 weeks after the completion of 3 doses polio vaccine basic immunization which were 3 doses of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine（tOPV）schedule before the strategy adjustment in 2012-2014 and 1 dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) following 2 doses of bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) sequential schedule after the adjustment in 2016-2018. About 1.0 ml blood samples were collected to detect type Ⅰ and Ⅲ neutralizing poliovirus antibody. A total of 9 oral poliovirus vaccines (8 vaccines in 2012) were selected from different sources of vaccine storage every year to test the vaccine titer using random number method .Results:The [ M（ P25， P75）] age of 292 children was 5 (5, 6) months, and the ratio of male to female was 1.04 (149/143). In 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018, 66,72,68 and 86 children were investigated respectively. After basic immunization, antibody positive rates for type Ⅰ and Ⅲ poliovirus were 100%, except 98.61% (71) for type Ⅰ poliovirus in 2014. The neutralizing antibody titer of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ poliovirus was higher in 2016 and 2018 than that in 2012 and 2014 ( P<0.001). The average titer of tOPV were (6.05±0.15) and (6.16±0.12) lgCCID 50 per dose in 2012 and 2014. The average titer of bOPV were (6.88±0.21) and (6.26±0.14) lgCCID 50 per 100 μl in 2016 and 2018 ( P<0.001). Conclusion:Before and after the adjustment of polio vaccine immunization strategy in Beijing, the basic immunization success rate of the IPV-bOPV sequential immunization schedule was good as well as full tOPV schedule. The level of polio antibody produced by the IPV-bOPV sequential immunization schedule was higher. After adjustment, bOPV titer in 2016 was significantly higher than those before adjustment, while bOPV titer decreased significantly in 2018.

Objective: To investigate the deposition rate of Artemisia pollen in different nasal cavity regions and its influence factors in residents of northwest China. Methods: Thirty healthy adults from northwest China were enrolled. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete phase model (DPM) were used for numerical simulation of nasal structures. The pollen deposition fraction in each anatomical part was counted and the effects of pollen density and breathing rate on deposition were analyzed. SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The hottest deposition parts of Artemisia pollen were nasal septum (30.70%±12.27%), vestibule (27.45%±8.21%), middle turbinate area (13.59%±8.98%) and nasopharynx (7.14%±5.90%). When the inspiratory flow rate increased to 30 L/min, the deposition rates of pollen in nasal vestibule and nasal septum were significantly higher than that at the rate of 15 L/min (43.20%±11.14% vs 27.45%±8.21%, 51.48%±9.77% vs 30.70%±12.27%, t value was -8.126,-5.264, respectively, all P<0.05), which indicated that with the increase of the inspiratory flow rate, the deposition hotspot moved forward. Compared with the wet Artemisia pollen, the deposition rate of the dry pollen in nasal vestibule and nasal septum decreased significantly (16.55%±4.33% vs 27.45%±8.21%, 7.09%±3.69% vs 30.70%±12.27%, t value was 8.669, 9.173, respectively, all P<0.05). The escape rate at outlet increased from 17.00%±9.57% to 43.48%±13.43% (t=-9.282, P<0.05). Conclusions The deposition of Artemisia pollen in nasal cavity is highly concentrated. The inhalation velocity and the dry-wet degree of pollen are the main determinants of the deposition site.

Objective To investigate the physics technique and quality assurance (QA) during radiotherapy in the institutions from the East Guangdong province,aiming to provide reference for the construction of radiotherapy discipline and rational allocation of resources in the primary hospitals from the eastern Guangdong province.Methods From March 15 to May 20,2016,the general conditions,radiotherapy equipment,available technique and quality assurance (QA) in the medical institutions from eastern Guangdong were investigated and analyzed by online combined with on-spot surgery.Results There were 8 institutions which provided radiotherapy with 966 ward beds,a daily capacity of 632 patients and 222 radiotherapy practitioners.Radiotherapy equipment included 12 linear accelerators,5 after-loading devices,1γ-knife,8 CT simulators and 9 radiotherapy planning systems.Five institutions performed IMRT/VMAT,IGRT and ART.Dose verification was performed before precision radiotherapy delivery in all institutions except for 1 center.QA procedures were missing for the linear accelerators,CT simulators and after-loading devices.Short-term advanced studies and hand-by-hand teaching were the main approaches for staff professional training.Conclusions The resource allocation for radiotherapy in the medical centers from the eastern Guangdong province is scarce.The technique and QC levels greatly differ among different institutions.Standard QA protocols are urgently to be established and implemented.Extensive attentions should be paid to the the professional training for technicians.

For the purpose of preparing the ondansetron hydrochloride sustained-release tablets and studying the influencing factors, we prepared the ondansetron hydrochloride sustained-release tablets, using hydroxypropylmethylcellose (HPMC) as the matrix material. Then we investigated the effects of the viscosity and amount of HPMC,the sort of fillers, the preparation methods, the alcohol content in adhesives, and the pH of the dissolving solution on the release of ondansetron hydrochloride from sustained-release tablets. On the basis of pharmaceutical preformulation studies,the best formulation and preparation methods were screened out according to orthogonal experiment design method. The release behavior of the tablets followed the Higuchi equation. The viscosity of HPMC,the sort of fillers and the rotation speed had no significant effects on the release of ondansetron hydrochloride sustained-release tablets,while the preparation methods, the alcohol content in adhesives and the pH of the dissolving solution influcenced the release of ondansetron hydrochloride sustained-release tablets significantly. Ondansetron hydrochloride sustained-release tablets had good drug relase behavior for in 12 h in vitro.
Delayed-Action Preparations ; Lactose ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Methylcellulose ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Models, Chemical ; Ondansetron ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; chemistry ; Tablets ; Viscosity