Objective To analyze the activity concentrations of gross α, gross β, and radionuclides in atmospheric fallout around Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant from 2019 to 2022, and provide foundational scientific data for the healthy development of nuclear energy. Methods Five monitoring sites were set up at different distances (1.2, 6.9, 12.4, 42.3, and 69.2 km) from Daya Bay Nuclear Island 1. Stainless steel sampling barrels were used to collect atmospheric fallout, with a monitoring cycle of three months. The collected samples were ashed using radiochemical method. Subsequently, the gross α and gross β radioactivity were quantified using a low-background α/β measurement instrument. The remaining ash samples were mixed with water and left to equilibrate for over three weeks before γ-nuclide analysis using a low-background, high-purity germanium γ-spectrometer. Results The gross α activity concentration in atmospheric fallout around Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant from 2019 to 2022 averaged (25.3 ± 10.6) Bq/m²/season and ranged from 5.8 to 73.4 Bq/m²/season. The gross α activity concentrations in sampling sites #1 to #5 were 5.8-34.4, 11.9-35.2, 14.4-46.4, 7.2-73.4, and 13.1-43.1 Bq/m²/season, respectively. The gross β activity concentration averaged (50.5 ± 23.4) Bq/m²/season and ranged from 13.9 to 139.3 Bq/m²/season. The gross β activity concentrations of sampling sites #1 to #5 were 17.1-107.4, 17.6-87.5, 25.8-102.0, 13.9-139.3, and 23.4-99.2 Bq/m²/season, resprctively. The activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K, ²¹⁰Pb, and ⁷Be in atmospheric fallout were < lower limit of detection (LLD)-4.2, < LLD-5.8, < LLD-6.3, < LLD-42.1, < LLD-514.0, and 35.7-1761.0 Bq/m²/season, respectively. Gross α and gross β activity concentrations were significantly positively correlated with ²¹⁰Pb activity concentration (r=0.770, α < 0.001; r=0.882, α < 0.001, respectively). Gross β activity concentration showed a significant positive correlation with ⁷Be (r=0.833, α < 0.001). The activity concentrations of ⁵⁴Mn, ⁵⁷Co, ⁵⁸Co, ⁶⁰Co, ⁵⁹Fe, ⁹⁵Zr, ¹⁰³Ru, ¹⁰⁶Ru, ^110mAg, ¹³¹I, ¹³⁴Cs, ¹³⁷ Cs, ¹⁴⁰Ba and ¹⁹²Ir were lower than the LLD of the instrument, and no artificial radionuclides were detected. Conclusion The gross α and gross β radioactive activity concentrations in the atmospheric fallout in the surrounding area of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant during 2019-2022 were affected by natural radionuclides ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be, and were in the normal fluctuation ranges. No artificial radionuclides were found in the atmospheric fallout, and the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant was in a safe and stable state of operation.

Objective To investigate the current status of quality control of radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment in Shenzhen City, explore the problems in quality control testing of radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment, and provide control strategies. Methods According to the requirements of the Special Monitoring Work Plan for Radiation Health in Shenzhen, quality control tests were carried out on some radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment in Shenzhen according to the test items and methods of the currently valid national standards. Results From 2019 to 2023, a total of 72 medical institutions participated in radiological health monitoring program in Shenzhen, and 839 quality control tests were performed on radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment. The qualified rate was 91.8% in preliminary tests. The qualified rates of radiological diagnosis, radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine equipment were 91.9%, 96.3%, and 62.5%, respectively. The primary unqualified items were response uniformity, flatness of the X-ray irradiation field, and intrinsic spatial linearity. Conclusion The qualified rate in quality control of nuclear medical equipment is relatively low. Medical institutions should strengthen the routine maintenance of radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment. Radiological health technical service institutions should enhance the training of technical personnel to ensure the health and safety of patients and radiation workers.

As common drug delivery materials,polymers possess the advantages of a simple preparation method,adjustable chemical structure,and excellent biocompatibility.They are widely used in the responsive drug delivery for various diseases,especially in drug delivery of colon diseases.Utilizing the adjustable characteristics of polymers,drug delivery systems based on pH response,microbial enzyme response,reactive oxygen species response,and bio-adhesion have been constructed,showing excellent efficacy in the treatment of colitis.This article reviews the research progress of polymer-based targeted drug delivery systems in the treatment of colitis and discusses its research and application prospects.

As common drug delivery materials,polymers possess the advantages of a simple preparation method,adjustable chemical structure,and excellent biocompatibility.They are widely used in the responsive drug delivery for various diseases,especially in drug delivery of colon diseases.Utilizing the adjustable characteristics of polymers,drug delivery systems based on pH response,microbial enzyme response,reactive oxygen species response,and bio-adhesion have been constructed,showing excellent efficacy in the treatment of colitis.This article reviews the research progress of polymer-based targeted drug delivery systems in the treatment of colitis and discusses its research and application prospects.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli（ETEC）infection can induce watery diarrhea，leading to dehydration，electrolyte disturbance，and even death in severe cases. Recombinant B subunit/inactivated whole-cell cholera（rBS/WC）vaccine is effective in preventing ETEC infectious diarrhea. On the basis of the latest evidence on etiology and epidemiology of ETEC，as well as the effectiveness，safety，and health economics of rBS/WC vaccine，National Clinical Research Center for Child Health（The Children’s Hospital，Zhejiang University School of Medicine）and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention invited experts to develop expert consensus on rBS/WC vaccine in prevention of ETEC infectious diarrhea. It aims to provide the clinicians and vaccination professionals with guidelines on using rBS/WC vaccine to reduce the incidence of ETEC infectious diarrhea.

Objective To prepare berberine hydrochloride nanoemulsion, optimize its formulation composition and preparation process, and investigate its in vitro characteristics. Methods BBR-NE was prepared by water drop addition and pseudo-ternary phase diagram was drawn. The formulation of NE was optimized by central composite design-response surface methodology to choose the optimal formulation composition. The particle size, potential and appearance of the prepared BBR-NE were characterized. Results The optimal prescription of BBR-NE was determined as the oil phase Capryol 90 accounted for 32.84% of the system, the surfactant Tween-80 accounted for 33.90%, the co-surfactant 1,2-propylene glycol accounted for 16.95%, and water relative system accounted for 15.25%. The prepared NE was clear and transparent in appearance, regular in shape and uniform in size, with an average particle diameter of (68.85±8) nm, polydiseperse index of (0.245±0.03) and drug loading of 0.83 mg/g. The in vitro drug release results of NE showed that the in vitro drug release behavior was passive diffusion, which had a certain slow releasing effect and met the first-order release equation. Conclusion The BBR-NE can provide a new dosage form for the clinical use of berberine.

Objective To analyze patterns of functional bundles in anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments during knee joint movement, so as to provide important references for studying injury mechanism of cruciate ligaments and implant reconstruction. Methods Five healthy knee cadavers were elaborately dissected to expose insertions of functional bundles in anterior and posterior ligaments on both the femur and tibia. CT scans and 3D finite element reconstruction with Mimics and ANSYS were conducted at 0°, 30°,60°, 90°, and 120° flexion angle of the knee joint. The center points of insertions and parallel sections of functional bundles defined by the software ANSYS and CATIA were connected to the centerlines, and at five different knee flexion angles, the lengths of centerlines, defined as the bundle lengths, were measured. Results The length of anterior medial bundle (AMB) of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) increased gradually as the flexion angle grew from 0° to 90°, but slightly decreased at 120° flexion angle; whereas the length of posterior lateral bundle (PLB) of ACL decreased as flexion angle went from 0° to 90° and slightly increased at 120° flexion angle. In posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), both anterior lateral bundle (ALB) and posterior medial bundle (PMB) extended in length as the flexion angle went from 0° to 120°. The change of ACL and PCL bundle’s length was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions ACL bundles functioned in a reciprocal manner and PCL bundles functioned in a complementary manner during knee flexion. Through establishing the finite element model of functional bundles in cruciate ligaments, the actual length of cruciate ligaments could be reflected, which provided a reasonable method for studying the changes of actual length of functional bundles in cruciate ligaments during knee flexion.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of polymethylmethacrylate/PMMA (Artecoll) as an injectable dermal filler after using laser, radiofrequency and intensive pulse light. Methods In vitro, factional photothermolysis (Affirm) was directly used on the PMMA to see if there was any change in the structure or surface smoothness. In vivo, pig and guinea pig were used as the short-term and long-term models, respectively, for Artecoll. The dermal filler was first injected and then laser treatments conducted.The skin sample was observed through light microscope, scanning electronic microscope and transmission electronic microscope to see whether there were any structural changes, infiltration of inflammatory cells and the regeneration of collagen. Results Through the microscopic observation of in vitro experiment and the animal models, no distortion or rupture of the microsphere were found after the laser treatment. No uneven surface was found in the PMMA microsphere either. The microshpere was surrounded by the inflammatory cells. The infiltration was mild to intermediate with few foreign body giant cells even after several treatments of laser. There was no macrophage seen. But the collagen regeneration was distinguishable after the laser treatment. No obvious structural change was found eventually. Conclusion Artecoll is a safe and effective permanent injectable dermal filler for wrinkle reduction and contour refining.

Objective To detect the expression level of Ang-1, Ang -2 and Tie-2 receptor mRNAs in the hemangioma tissuses and to explore the effects of Ang-1, Ang-2, and Tie-2 receptor on the angio-genesis in the hemangioma. Methods By use of semiquantinative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we detected the expression level of Ang-1 mRNA, Ang-2 mRNA and Tie-2 mRNA in 30 cases of hemangioma (17 specimens of proliferating hemangioma, and 13 involuting hemangioma )together with 10 cases of normal skin as control, and the expression level of Ki-67 protein was also detected by an im-munohistochemica method. Results The expression of Ang-2 mRNA and Tie-2 mRNA in the prolifera-ting hemangiomas was higher than that in involuting hemangiomas (P<0.01) . The expression of Ang-1 mRNA in hemangiomas was negative. Conclusion The unbalance of Ang-Tie-2 system is probably impor-tant for the pathogenesis and development in hemangiomas.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic measures for unresectable primary liver cancer (PLC).

METHODSThe date of 312 unresectable primary liver cancer patients treated from January 1991 to March 2003 were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSOf these 312 patients, 73 were treated by cryosurgery-based combined modality therapy, 239 were treated by a TACE-oriented combined modality therapy. 289 patients except 23 were followed for a period of 2 to 156 months. The overall 1-,3- and 5-year survival rate in this series was 74. 0% , 34. 0% and 16. 7% , respectively. The 1-,3-and 5-year survival rate in the cryosurgery group was 64. 4% , 38. 4% and 27. 4% , respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate in the TACE group was 75. 1% , 29. 0% and 10. 0%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONTreatment for the unresectable primary liver cancer should be individualized and combined with suitable therapeutic modalities.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Cryosurgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; therapy ; Liver Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis