ObjectiveGastric hemorrhage is one of the most common and life-threatening emergencies of the upper digestive tract. Early identification and continuous monitoring are essential for reducing rebleeding rates and mortality, particularly within the critical early hours after onset. Although endoscopy and radiological imaging can accurately localize bleeding sites, these approaches are invasive, resource-intensive, and unsuitable for continuous bedside monitoring. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT), as a noninvasive and radiation-free functional imaging technique, offers real-time visualization of conductivity distribution and has the potential for detecting intragastric bleeding based on the electrical contrast between blood and surrounding gastric tissues. In this study, a three-dimensional gastric EIT (3D-gEIT) framework is proposed to achieve noninvasive, real-time, and dynamic monitoring of gastric hemorrhage, with emphasis on spatial localization and quantitative volume assessment. MethodsA three-dimensional upper-abdominal simulation model incorporating the stomach, gastric wall, gastric contents, and surrounding tissues was established. Three electrode configurations, namely the dual layer ring, the four layer staggered ring, and the opposed dual plane array, were designed and systematically compared to evaluate their influence on depth sensitivity and spatial resolution. Based on the Tikhonov-Noser hybrid regularization scheme, a region-clustering constraint was introduced to develop the TK-Noser-RCC algorithm. This approach aggregates spatially adjacent elements with similar conductivity variations, thereby enhancing structural continuity and suppressing isolated noise artifacts. To validate the proposed framework, an upper-abdominal physical phantom was constructed using agar to simulate background tissue conductivity. Hemispherical high-conductivity inclusions with volumes ranging from 10 ml to 50 ml were attached to the inner gastric wall to mimic localized bleeding under different gastric filling states. Boundary voltages were acquired under a 120 kHz excitation current and reconstructed using the TK-Noser-RCC algorithm. Furthermore, an in vivo animal experiment was performed using a porcine model with adult-scale abdominal dimensions. A total of 100 ml of autologous blood was injected incrementally into the stomach to simulate progressive gastric hemorrhage, and time-difference EIT reconstruction was conducted at each injection stage to assess the dynamic system response under physiological conditions. ResultsSimulation results demonstrated that the opposed dual-plane electrode array achieved superior depth sensitivity distribution and spatial resolution. For a 40 ml hemorrhage model, the average ICC and SSIM improved by 55.9% and 38.8% compared with the dual-layer ring configuration, and by 64.0% and 39.5% compared with the four-layer staggered configuration. The proposed region-clustering constraint significantly enhanced reconstruction stability. Under added Gaussian noise of 40 dB and 30 dB, ICC values remained approximately 0.85, indicating effective artifact suppression and preservation of boundary integrity. In physical phantom experiments, reconstructed hemorrhage volumes increased approximately linearly with the preset hemispherical volumes, and the reconstructed high-conductivity regions closely matched the actual bleeding locations. Both empty-stomach and full-stomach conditions were evaluated, demonstrating that the opposed dual-plane configuration maintained stable imaging performance across varying gastric contents. In the animal experiment, reconstructed low-impedance regions expanded progressively with increasing injected blood volume. The spatial localization of the hemorrhage remained stable throughout the procedure, and no significant artifacts were observed. Quantitative analysis showed that reconstructed volume and average conductivity variation exhibited an approximately linear growth trend with injected blood volume, confirming the sensitivity of the system to dynamic intragastric conductivity changes. ConclusionThe proposed 3D-gEIT framework enables quantitative reconstruction of gastric hemorrhage volume and spatial distribution with improved depth sensitivity, structural continuity, and noise robustness compared with conventional EIT approaches. By integrating optimized electrode configuration and a region-clustering-constrained reconstruction algorithm, the system provides stable dynamic monitoring under both controlled phantom conditions and in vivo physiological environments. This method offers a noninvasive, real-time, and low-cost imaging strategy for early diagnosis, postoperative monitoring, and bedside surveillance of gastric bleeding.

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the potential of different orders of magnitude single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) locus combinations for predicting distant kinship relationships. A high-density SNP locus set was constructed, and a comprehensive assessment of its inference capability was conducted. MethodsFirstly, we selected three commercial chip panels, CGA (Chinese genotyping array, Illumina), GSA (Global screening array, Illumina), Affy (23MF_V2 high-density SNP array, Affymetrix) and merged them after quality control, forming a high-density SNP locus panel(1 180 k). Secondly, we selected 161 samples and collected their peripheral blood samples by using whole-genome sequencing technology. Within this sample population, the levels of kinship relationships fully covered the range from level 1 to level 9, and the number of kinship pairs at each level was consistently maintained at over 50 pairs. From 161 samples data of whole-genome sequencing, the 1 180 k locus set was extracted, which is referred to as the high-density SNP locus set in the following text. The kinship inference was conducted using the identity-by-descent (IBD) algorithm with the selected optimal parameters. To comprehensively evaluate the performance of the high-density SNP locus set in kinship inference, we compared it with the three commercial chip panels, the intersection of these three chip loci, and the control sets constructed by randomly reducing the number of the high-density SNP locus set. Based on the changes in the IBD lengths, as well as the dynamic trends in prediction accuracy, we conducted a scientific assessment of the kinship inference capability of the high-density SNP locus set. ResultsAfter screening, a set of 1 184 334 autosomal SNPs was obtained. During the process of screening the optimal IBD length threshold, the result revealed that 0 cM, 1 cM, and 2 cM all demonstrated good applicability. However, to avoid the issue of a large amount of redundant information caused by setting a too low IBD length threshold, this study ultimately selected 2 cM as the optimal threshold. Compared with the average results of three chip panels, the high-density SNP locus set increased the total IBD length and the average IBD length across levels 1-9; the accuracy of the confidence interval for level 8 was 70.97%, which represented a 3.50% improvement; the average confidence interval accuracy for levels 1-8 was 91.39%, representing a 1.00% increase; and the false negative rates at levels 8 and 9 were reduced by 2.42% and 6.76%, respectively. The system efficacy of the high-density SNP locus set for kinship inference of first to eighth degree relationships reached 98.91%. Through random reduction of the high-density SNP locus set results, it is found that increasing the number of SNPs with the panel, the detection efficiency of IBD length showed a significant upward trend. At the same time, the overall trend in the accuracy of kinship relationship prediction as well as the confidence interval accuracy also indicated that both metrics steadily increased with the addition of more loci. ConclusionThe results show that the high-density SNPs panel significantly enhances the efficacy of distant kinship inference, accurately covering kinship degrees, with the average confidence interval accuracy for first to eighth degree relationships stably above 90%. The study finds that increasing the number of SNPs panel can improve the ability to predict distant kinship.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with profound impact on patients’ quality of life and long-term health, and early detection and intervention are particularly critical. In recent years, the search for precise and reliable biomarkers has become one of the key strategies to effectively address the clinical challenges of PD. In this paper, we systematically evaluated potential biomarkers, including proteins, metabolites, epigenetic markers, and exosomes, in the peripheral blood of PD patients. Protein markers are one of the main directions of biomarker research in PD. In particular, α‑synuclein and its phosphorylated form play a key role in the pathological process of PD. It has been shown that aggregation of α-synuclein may be associated with pathologic protein deposition in PD and may be a potential marker for early diagnosis of PD. In terms of metabolites, uric acid, as a metabolite, plays an important role in oxidative stress and neuroprotection in PD. It has been found that changes in uric acid levels may be associated with the onset and progression of PD, showing its potential as an early diagnostic marker. Epigenetic markers, such as DNA methylation modifications and miRNAs, have also attracted much attention in Parkinson’s disease research. Changes in these markers may affect the expression of PD-related genes and have an important impact on the onset and progression of the disease, providing new research perspectives for the early diagnosis of PD. In addition, exosomes, as a potential biomarker carrier for PD, are able to carry a variety of biomolecules involved in intercellular communication and pathological regulation. Studies have shown that exosomes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD, and their detection in blood may provide a new breakthrough for early diagnosis. It has been shown that exosomes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD, and their detection in blood may provide new breakthroughs in early diagnosis. In summary, through in-depth evaluation of biomarkers in the peripheral blood of PD patients, this paper demonstrates the important potential of these markers in the early diagnosis of PD and in the study of pathological mechanisms. Future studies will continue to explore the clinical application value of these biomarkers to promote the early detection of PD and individualized treatment strategies.

Aim To explore the effect of astragalosideⅣ(AS-Ⅳ)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced po-larization and migration of RAW 264.7 macrophages and the underlying mechanism.Methods 1 mg·L-1 LPS was used to construct cell migration model.Scratch assay was utilized to determine cell migration rate.Immunofluorescence staining was utilized to de-tect the expression and location of F4/80,iNOS and Arg-1.CCK-8 assay was used to determine the viabili-ty of RAW 264.7 cells.Griess assay was used to measure NO content.Molecular docking was used to analyze the interaction between AS-Ⅳ and the core tar-gets such as cGAS and STING protein.Western blot was employed to detect the expression of iNOS,Arg-1,cGAS,STING,NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65 protein.Results AS-Ⅳ significantly inhibited the migration and M1 polarization of RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS.Moreover,AS-Ⅳ could interact with cGAS and STING protein,especially cGAS.Further Western blot assay showed that AS-Ⅳ significantly downregulated the expression of iNOS,cGAS,STING and p-NF-κB p65 protein.Conclusions AS-Ⅳ could promote mac-rophage M1 to M2 polarization,thereby inhibited mac-rophage migration through restraining the cGAS/STING/NF-κB signaling pathway,which provides a new therapeutic target for AS-Ⅳ to improve the early inflammatory response of AS.

Aim To explore the mechanism of Con-grong Shujing granule(CSGs)in the treatment of Par-kinson's disease(PD)by network pharmacology,mo-lecular docking and parallel reaction monitoring(PRM)technology.Methods The active components of CSGs and the target genes of Parkinson's disease were obtained through the database.The intersection targets of drugs and diseases were selected to construct the"drug-active ingredient-target"and protein interac-tion network.The intersection target genes were impor-ted into David database for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis,and the main components were docked with key targets.27 SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group(n=9),model group(n=9)and treat-ment group(n=9).On day 1,7 and 14 of treatment,PRM analysis was used to detect the changes in the specific peptides of key target proteins in the substantia nigra of rats.Results The main components of CSGs wereTanshialdehyde,Baicalein,Quercetin and Kaempferol.The most important targets for the treat-ment of PD were TP53,AKT1,EGFR,HSP90 AA1 and STAT3.KEGG analysis mainly enriched MAPK,PI3K-Akt and neurotrophic factor signaling pathway.The molecular docking between core components and core targets showed that the binding of drugs and targets had good activity.PRM analysis of key proteins found that the target peptide expression levels of ASK1,JNK1 and JNK3 were different among groups(P＜0.05).Con-clusion CSGs can alleviate ERS,inhibit apoptosis and play a neural protective role through the ASK1-JNK pathway.

AIM To improve the quality standard for Dahuang Sodium Bicarbonate Tablets.METHODS TLC was adopted in the qualitative identification of rhein,emodin,chrysophanol,aloe-emodin,physcion and rhapontin,after which UPLC fingerprints were established,content determination of aloe emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside,rhein-8-O-β-D-glucoside,emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside,chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-glucoside,physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside,aloe-emodin,rhein,emodin,chrysophanol,physcion were performed.RESULTS The clear TLC plots demonstrated good specificity.There were 20 common peaks in the fingerprints for 8 batches of samples with the similarities of more than 0.535.Ten constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r≥0.997 0),whose average recoveries were 98.7％-104.1％with the RSDs of 0.59％-2.13％,whose content ranges were 0.274 1-2.005 9,0.547 8-5.192 2,1.209 2-3.936 3,1.039 3-3.330 2,0.307 0-1.248 1,0.118 2-0.674 7,0.115 1-0.970 3,0.224 5-1.789 3,0.881 4-4.882 6,0.801 4-5.099 1 mg/g,respectively.CONCLUSION This simple and stable method can effectively control the quality of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma in Dahuang Sodium Bicarbonate Tablets.

Acute ischemic stroke(AIS)is associated with high mortality and disability rates,presenting a substantial challenge to global public health challenge.Intravenous thrombolysis(IVT)is recognized as a cornerstone of early AIS treatment and is recommended as the standard therapeutic approach by both national and international guidelines.However,the clinical efficacy of IVT remains suboptimal due to several limitations,including a narrow therapeutic time window and the inevitable activation of the coagulation system and platelet aggregagation during thrombolysis.These factors may contribute to adverse outcomes such as early neurological deterioration(END)and vascular re-occlusion.Antiplatelet therapy(APT),which inhibits platelet aggregations,reduces microthrombus formation,and stabilizes the vascular endothelium with multifaceted mechanisms,has emerged as a promising adjunctive strategy to IVT,offering potential synergistic effects.This review summarized the latest evidence from both domestic and international studies,focusing on the mechanisms of APT,recent clinical advancements in IVT combined with APT,and the safety and efficacy of APT administration at different time windows relative to IVT.Emphasis is placed on the influence of various antiplatelet agents,dosing regimens,and initiation timing on therapeutic outcomes,alongside a comprehensive evaluation in the context of current guideline recommendations and clinical practice.Current guidelines recommend initiating APT 24 h after IVT,following imaging confirmation to exclude the risk of intracranial hemorrhage.However,the efficacy and safety of earlier APT initiation remain inconclusive.Individualized treatment strategies,such as early administration of low-dose,short-acting APT or combination therapy in specific patient subgroups,may effectively balance therapeutic benefits and risks.The adjunctive use of APT in IVT holds promise for enhancing efficacy and improving clinical outcomes,but precise stratification of safety and efficacy is essential.Future research should focus on optimizing combination IVT and APT strategies through individualized patient profiling,appropriate drug selection,and dynamic imaging monitoring to achieve precision management in AIS treatment.

Objective:A preliminary trial is conducted to explore whether perioperative(preoperative,intraoperative,and postoperative)electroacupuncture is more effective than postoperative electroacupuncture in improving gastrointestinal function for colorectal cancer patients.Methods and analysis:The study proposes a randomized,parallel-controlled,single-center trial involving 30 colorectal cancer patients aged 18-79 requiring elective surgery.Participants are randomly assigned to two groups,with equal allocation,where one group receives perioperative electroacupuncture,and the other group receives postoperative electroacupuncture.The treatment duration spans from preoperative to postoperative 72 h,with a subsequent 28-day follow-up period.The primary outcome is the time of first postoperative defecation.The secondary outcomes include the recovery time of postoperative bowel sounds,time of the first flatus,dietary recovery,postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction frequency,quality of life scale,postoperative pain degree,time of the first ambulation,length of hospital stay,gastrointestinal hormone indicators,and adverse events.The coagulation function test,liver and renal function,and stool and blood routine serve as security biomarkers.The statistical analysis includes the t-test,rank-sum test,Chi-square test,and analysis of variance.A two-sided significance level is set at 5%.Discussion:This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of perioperative electroacupuncture for gastrointestinal function recovery following colorectal cancer surgery.The study's strengths include its randomized design,well-defined intervention periods,and multi-dimensional outcome assessment.Nevertheless,limitations,such as the small sample size and single-center setting,may affect external validity.The findings will guide protocol refinement and sample size estimation for future large-scale multi-center randomized controlled trials.

Objective To systematically review and quantitatively analyze the safety of biologic agents for the clinical treatment of psoriasis during pregnancy and lactation.Methods The literature from start of database to June 27,2023,was searched in MEDLINE(PubMed),Embase,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science by two researcher.Quality of included studies was assessed by the quality evaluation tool of case series from Australian JBI Evidence Based Healthcare Centre.According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA),a systematic review and was conducted to assess pregnancy or breastfeeding outcomes in psoriasis patients exposed to biologics within 3 months prior to pregnancy,during pregnancy or breastfeeding.Data on pregnancy and exposure characteristics were pooled,and the prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcome was summarized using a random effects model.Results A total of 54 studies involving 1206 pregnancies in 1177 female patients with psoriasis exposed to biologic agents were included in the analysis.Systematic review results demonstrated that the majority of the exposures were limited to early pregnancy,with pooled spontaneous abortion rates,elective abortion rates,overall mortality,preterm birth rates,incidence of low birth weights,and congenital anomalies similar to those of general population(P>0.05).Furthermore,no serious adverse reactions were reported during lactation.Conclusions The use of biologic agents in pregnant and breastfeeding women with psoriasis does not significantly increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and does not affect neonatal health or growth.However,the limited available safety data underscores the necessity of further studies to establish the relationship between psoriasis,biologic agents,and pregnancy/lactation outcomes,thereby providing comprehensive guidance for clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of adrenal cortical carcinoma(ACC),compare differences between hypercortisolism and non-functional ACC,and assess the diagnostic value of indicators such as Ki-67 index.Methods The clinical data of 57 ACC patients admitted to the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2015 to March 2025 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the results of endocrine function assessment,47 of these patients were divided into hypercortisolism group(n=19)and non-functional group(n=28).The differences in clinical and pathological characteristics between the two groups were compared,and non-parametric tests and Spearman correlation analysis were used to explore the relationship between Ki-67 index and tumor stage as well as imaging features.Results Among the 57 patients,there were 20 males and 37 females,with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.85.The age ranged from 16 to 76 years,and the age at diagnosis was(48.7±13.3)years.The tumor diameter was(10.53±4.14)cm.The tumors were located on the right side in 12 cases(21.1%),on the left side in 34 cases(59.6%),and bilaterally in 11 cases(19.3%).Among them,16 cases(28.1%)were complicated with glucose metabolism disorders,31 cases(54.3%)had hypertension,and 20 cases(35.1%)had hypokalemia.According to ENSAT staging,there were 0 cases in stage Ⅰ,15 cases(26.3%)in stage Ⅱ,24 cases(42.1%)in stage Ⅲ,and 18 cases(31.6%)in stage Ⅳ.Endocrine function assessment was completed in 47 of the 57 patients,including 28 cases(59.6%)of non-functional ACC and 19 cases(40.4%)of hypercortisolism(including 1 case of hypercortisolism combined with increased sex hormone secretion).Compared with non-functional group,hypercortisolism group had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension(P=0.014),later ENSAT stage(P=0.010),and a higher proportion of hypervascularization(P=0.048).The median Ki-67 index was 20%(10%-40%),showing no significant correlation with either the maximum tumor diameter or SUVmax value,but it was related to ENSAT staging,with Ki-67 index in stageⅣ patients being significantly higher than that in stage Ⅱ(P=0.032).Immunohistochemistry results showed that the positive rate of Inhibin-α was 84.8%,and the positive rate of Melan-A was 40.9%.Conclusions ACC is a rare malignant endocrine tumor.ACC patients with hypercortisolism are more likely to be complicated with hypertension,have later staging,and more common hypervascular manifestations.Clinically,their endocrine function should be prioritized for assessment,and more active treatment strategies should be adopted.Diagnosis should be combined with imaging characteristics(such as hypervascularization)and immunohistochemical indicators(Ki-67,Inhibin-α,Melan-A).The significant increase in Ki-67 is in the advanced stage can serve as an important prognostic indicator to guide individualized treatment.