Abstract To estavlish a more comprehensive theoretical framework for the weight management of children and adolescents, the study systematically expounds on the two core strategies for dietary and exercise intervention. It explores the mechanism of diet, physical activity, breating exercise, functional movement correction and multi dimensional integrated exercise modalities in preventing weight rebound after weight loss in overweight and obesity children and adolescents. Future advancements in research methodology are expected to improve the evidence system of collaborative interventions, so as to provide precise strategies for obesity management in children and adolescents.

The chemical constituents were systematically separated from the roots of Berberis polyantha by various chromatographic methods, including silica gel column chromatography, HP20 column chromatography, polyamide column chromatography, reversed-phase C_(18) column chromatography, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic techniques(1D NMR, 2D NMR, UV, MS, and CD). Four phenylpropanoids were isolated from the methanol extract of the roots of B. polyantha, and they were identified as(2R)-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1), methyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate(2),(+)-syringaresinol(3), and syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4). Compound 1 was a new compound, and other compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. The anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was evaluated based on the release of nitric oxide(NO) in the culture of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. At a concentration of 10 μmol·L~(-1), all the four compounds inhibited the LPS-induced release of NO in RAW264.7 cells, demonstrating potential anti-inflammatory properties.
Plant Roots/chemistry* ; Animals ; Mice ; Berberis/chemistry* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification* ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism* ; Molecular Structure ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification*

Syringa pinnatifolia, belonging to the family Oleaceae, is a species endemic to China. It is predominantly distributed in the Helan Mountains region of Inner Mongolia and Ningxia of China. The peeled roots, stems, and thick branches have been used as a distinctive Mongolian medicinal material known as "Shan-chen-xiang", which has effects such as suppressing "khii", clearing heat, and relieving pain and is employed for the treatment of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and joint pain. Over the past five years, significant increase was achieved in research on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects. There were a total of 130 new constituents reported, covering sesquiterpenoids, lignans, and alkaloids. Its effects of anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, sedation, and analgesia were revealed, and the mechanisms of agarwood formation were also investigated. To better understand its medical value and potential of clinical application, this review updates the research progress in recent five years focusing on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S. pinnatifolia, providing reference for subsequent research on active ingredient and support for its innovative application in modern medicine system.
Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Animals ; Syringa/chemistry*

In the present study, a mouse model of coronary artery ligation was employed to evaluate the effects of Jiming Powder on mitophagy in the mouse model of myocardial infarction and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. A mouse model of myocardial infarction post heart failure was constructed by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery. The therapeutic efficacy of Jiming Powder was assessed from multiple perspectives, including ultrasonographic imaging, hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, Masson staining, and serum cardiac enzyme profiling. Dihydroethidium(DHE) staining was employed to evaluate the oxidative stress levels in the hearts of mice from each group. Mitophagy levels were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence co-localization. Western blot was employed to determine the levels of key proteins involved in mitophagy, including Bcl-2-interacting protein beclin 1(BECN1), sequestosome 1(SQSTM1), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta(LC3B), PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1), phospho-Parkinson disease protein(p-Parkin), and Parkinson disease protein(Parkin). The results demonstrated that compared with the model group, high and low doses of Jiming Powder significantly reduced the left ventricular internal diameter in systole(LVIDs) and left ventricular internal diameter in diastole(LVIDd) and markedly improved the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS), effectively improving the cardiac function in post-myocardial infarction mice. Jiming Powder effectively reduced the levels of myocardial injury markers such as creatine kinase(CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), thereby protecting ischemic myocardium. HE staining revealed that Jiming Powder attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration after myocardial infarction. Masson staining indicated that Jiming Powder effectively inhibited ventricular remodeling. Western blot results showed that Jiming Powder activated the PINK1-Parkin pathway, up-regulated the protein level of BECN1, down-regulated the protein level of SQSTM1, and increased the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio to promote mitophagy. In conclusion, Jiming Powder exerts therapeutic effects on myocardial infarction by inhibiting ventricular remodeling. The findings pave the way for subsequent pharmacological studies on the active components of Jiming Powder.
Animals ; Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology* ; Mitophagy/drug effects* ; Mice ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Protein Kinases/genetics* ; Male ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics* ; Humans ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Signal Transduction/drug effects*

This study employed a mouse model of coronary artery ligation to assess the effect and mechanism of Jiming Powder on mitochondrial autophagy in mice with myocardial infarction. The mouse model of heart failure post-myocardial infarction was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. The pharmacological efficacy of Jiming Powder was evaluated through echocardiographic imaging, hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, and Masson staining. The levels of malondialdehyde(MDA), Fe~(2+), reduced glutathione(GSH), and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in heart tissues, as well as MDA immunofluorescence of heart tissues, were measured to assess lipid peroxidation and Fe~(2+) levels in the hearts of mice in different groups. Ferroptosis levels in the groups were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and Prussian blue staining. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect the levels of key ferroptosis-related proteins, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(NRF2), ferritin heavy chain(FTH), glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11), heme oxygenase 1(HO-1), and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(KEAP1). The results showed that compared with the model group, both the high-and low-dose Jiming Powder groups exhibited significantly reduced left ventricular internal diameter in systole(LVIDs) and left ventricular internal diameter in diastole(LVIDd), while the left ventricular ejection fraction(EF) and left ventricular fractional shortening(FS) were significantly improved, effectively enhancing cardiac function in mice post-myocardial infarction. HE staining revealed that Jiming Powder attenuated myocardial inflammatory cell infiltration post-infarction, and Masson staining indicated that Jiming Powder effectively reduced fibrosis in the infarct margin area. Treatment with Jiming Powder reduced the levels of MDA and Fe~(2+), indicators of lipid peroxidation post-myocardial infarction, while increasing GSH and SOD levels, thus protecting ischemic myocardium. Western blot results demonstrated that Jiming Powder reduced KEAP1 protein accumulation, activated the NRF2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway, and up-regulated the protein expression of FTH and SLC7A11, exerting an inhibitory effect on ferroptosis. This study reveals that Jiming Powder exerts a therapeutic effect on myocardial infarction by inhibiting ferroptosis through the NRF2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway, providing a foundation for subsequent research on the pharmacological effects of Jiming Powder.
Animals ; Ferroptosis/drug effects* ; Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics* ; Mice ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Male ; Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics* ; Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics* ; Humans ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Disease Models, Animal

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Blood transfusion is one of the most commonly used supportive treatments for children with hematological diseases. This guideline provides guidance and recommendations for blood transfusions in children with aplastic anemia, thalassemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. This article presents the evidence and interpretation of the blood transfusion provisions for children with hematological diseases in the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion", aiming to assist in the understanding and implementing the blood transfusion section of this guideline.
Humans ; Child ; Hematologic Diseases/therapy* ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Blood transfusion for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is highly complex and challenging. This guideline provides recommendations on transfusion thresholds and the selection of blood components for these children. This article presents the evidence and interpretation of the transfusion provisions for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with the aim of enhancing the understanding and implementation of the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion".
Humans ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Child ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Critically ill children often present with anemia and have a higher demand for transfusions compared to other pediatric patients. This guideline provides guidance and recommendations for blood transfusions in cases of general critical illness, septic shock, acute brain injury, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, non-life-threatening bleeding, and hemorrhagic shock. This article interprets the background and evidence of the blood transfusion provisions for critically ill and severely bleeding children in the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion", aiming to enhance understanding and implementation of this aspect of the guidelines. Citation:Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2025, 27(4): 395-403.
Humans ; Critical Illness ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Child ; Hemorrhage/therapy* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices in pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Children undergoing cardiac surgery are at high risk of bleeding, and the causes of perioperative anemia and coagulation disorders in neonates and children are complex and varied, often necessitating the transfusion of allogeneic blood components. This guideline provides direction and recommendations for specific measures in blood management for children undergoing cardiac surgery before, during, and after surgery. This article interprets the background and evidence for the formulation of the blood transfusion provisions for children undergoing cardiac surgery, hoping to facilitate the understanding and implementation of this guideline.
Humans ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Child ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

OBJECTIVE: To explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of Dahuang Zhechong Pill (DZP) on pulmonary fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: The first key rate-limiting enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) of glycolysis was silenced and over-expressed through small interfering RNA and lentivirus using lung fibroblast MRC-5 cell line, respectively. The cell viability, migration, invasion and proliferation were detected by cell counting kit-8, wound healing assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HK2 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The contents of glucose, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and lactate in MRC-5 cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA). Then, the relationship between miR-29b-2-5p and HK2 was explored by luciferase reporter gene assay. Pulmonary fibrosis cell model was induced by transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β 1) in MRC-5 cells, and the medicated serum of DZP (DMS) was prepared in rats. MRC-5 cells were divided into control, TGF-β 1, TGF-β 1+10% DMS, TGF-β 1+10% DMS+miR-29b-2-5p inhibitor, TGF-β 1+10% DMS+inhibitor negative control, TGF-β 1+10% DMS+miR-29b-2-5p mimic and TGF-β 1+10% DMS+mimic negative control groups. After miR-29b-2-5p mimics and inhibitors were transfected into MRC-5 cells, all groups except control and model group were treated with DMS. The effect of DMS on MRC-5 cells were detected using aforementioned methods and immunofluorescence. Similarly, the contents of glucose, ATP and lactate in each group were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The mRNA and protein expressions of HK2 in MRC-5 cells were successfully silenced and overexpressed through si-HK2-3 and lentiviral transfection, respectively. After silencing HK2, the mRNA and protein expressions of HK2 were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the concentrations of glucose, ATP and lactate were also significantly decreased (P<0.05). The proliferation, migration and invasion of MRC-5 cells were significantly declined (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the apoptosis of MRC-5 cells was significantly increased (P<0.01). After overexpressing HK2, the mRNA and protein expressions of HK2 were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the concentrations of glucose, ATP and lactate were also significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The proliferation, migration and invasion of MRC-5 cells were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the apoptosis of MRC-5 cells was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The relative luciferase activity of 3'UTR-WT+hsa-miR-29b-2-5p transfected with HK2 was significantly decreased (P<0.01). After miR-29b-2-5p mimic and inhibitor were transfected into the MRC-5 cells, DMS intervention could significantly reduce the concentration of glucose, ATP and lactate, and the mRNA and proteins expressions of HK2, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The proliferation, migration and invasion of MRC-5 cells were alleviated (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the deposition of fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen I were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Glycolysis is closely related to pulmonary fibrosis. DZP reduced glycolysis and inhibited fibroblasts' excessive differentiation and abnormal collagen deposition through the miR-29b-2-5p/HK2 pathway, which played a role in delaying the process of pulmonary fibrosis.
MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Glycolysis/genetics* ; Animals ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism* ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Hexokinase/genetics* ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Cell Movement/drug effects* ; Male ; Cell Survival/drug effects* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects*