Objective:To analyze the current situation of low copper diet management in children with hepatolenticular degeneration, so as to provide reference and help for individualized low copper diet guidance.Methods:Questionnaire survey and semi-structured interview were used. In the questionnaire survey, a total of 113 parents of children with hepatolenticular degeneration who were treated in the Pediatric Outpatient Department and ward of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital from August 2021 to October 2022 were selected as the research objects. And a self-designed Low Copper Diet Status Questionnaire for Children with Hepatolenticular Degeneration was used for investigation. In the semi-structured interview, the purposive sampling method was used to recruit research objects that met the inclusion criteria. When the information reached saturation, they were no longer included, and finally 16 interviewees were included. Results:The results of the questionnaire showed that the items with the lowest accuracy in the part of the low-copper diet knowledge questionnaire for parents of children with hepatolenticular degeneration were "whether the food was edible according to the amount of copper in the food, for example, if the copper content in 100 g food exceeded 0.5 mg, it was forbidden to eat" and "in the following bean food (tofu, yuba, dried bean curd, oily bean curd), which one had the highest copper content". Among the 113 children, 55 were completely managed by their parents on a low copper diet, 53 children were jointly managed with their parents on a low copper diet, and 4 children were self-managed on a low copper diet. A total of 64 children currently followed the principle of a low copper diet, only consuming a few major categories of foods with low copper content. A total of 32 children ensured a diversified diet while ensuring that the total copper content in their daily food did not exceed the standard. The themes extracted from semi-structured interviews included insufficient awareness of low copper diet among parents of affected children, concerns about their children dining outside, doubts about how to balance low copper diet and nutritional balance among parents, and hopes that medical staff could provide some assistance in low copper diet guidance.Conclusions:The management of low-copper diet in children with hepatolenticular degeneration is poor. The parents of the affected children lack knowledge about low copper diet and have many confusions, and there is an urgent need for medical personnel to provide more specific, rich and practical guidance on low copper diet.

African swine fever(ASF)is a highly contagious and pathogenic disease affecting both domestic and wild pigs,which is caused by African swine fever virus(ASFV).In European epidem-ics,low-virulence strains of ASFV,which do not have hemadsorbing properties,have been identi-fied.Following the identification of highly virulent genotype Ⅱ ASFV strains in China in 2018,subsequently,low-virulence strains of genotype Ⅱ and genotype Ⅰ emerged.Recombination be-tween genotypes Ⅰ and Ⅱ has also led to the occurrence of high-virulence strains.This indicates a complex and diverse genetic evolution of ASFV during the epidemiological transmission,which po-ses significant challenges for vaccine development and disease surveillance.Here,we provide an o-verview of the novel epidemiological characteristics of ASFV,with a focus on genetic variations and pathogenic differences during the outbreaks of ASF.We also explore how ASFV genetic varia-tions impact immune escape and pathogenicity of the virus,and the challenges they pose for vac-cine development,disease diagnosis,and surveillance.The aim of this review is to enhance our un-derstanding of the genetic evolution and mutation mechanisms of ASFV,providing a theoretical basis for the development of vaccines and research on diagnostic technologies.

AIM To optimize the extraction process for uracil,hypoxanthine,xanthine,uridine,thymine,inosine,guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine from Pheretima guillelmi(Michaelsen),and to determine their contents.METHODS With solid-liquid ratio,ultrasonic time and ultrasonic temperature as influencing factors,contents of hypoxanthine and total nucleosides as evaluation indices,the extraction process was optimized by orthogonal test.HPLC was adopted in the content determination of varioud nucleosides,the analysis was performed on a 30℃thermostatic Agilent C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of methanol-water flowing at 1 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 260 nm.RESULTS The optimal conditions were determined to be 1∶250 for solid-liquid ratio,60 min for ultrasonic time,and 60℃for ultrasonic temperature.Eight nucleosides showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(R2＞0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 99.11%-103.27%with the RSDs of 0.85%-2.89%.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can be used for the extraction and content determination of nucleosides from P.guillelmi.

China prospective multicenter birth cohort (Prospective Omics Health Atlas birth cohort, POHA birth cohort) study was officially launched in 2022. This study, in collaboration with 12 participating units, aims to establish a high-quality, multidimensional cohort comprising 20 000 naturally conceived families and assisted reproductive families. The study involves long-term follow-up of parents and offspring, with corresponding biological samples collected at key time points. Through multi-omics testing and analysis, the study aims to conduct multi-omics big data research across the entire maternal and infant life cycle. The goal is to identify new biomarkers for maternal and infant diseases and provide scientific evidence for risk prediction related to maternal diseases and neonatal health.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases(CVD)in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods:A total of 281 OSAHS patients admitted in Second People's Hospital of Huai'an City between May 2020 and March 2022 were selected and divided into CVD group(n=63)and no CVD group(n=218)according to presence of CVD.The OSAHS general data questionnaire designed by the re-search group was used to investigate the patients and univariate analysis was carried out,and the clinically significant single factors were included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Influencing factors for CVD in OSAHS patients were analyzed.Results:Compared with no CVD group,patients in CVD group had significant higher age,body mass index(BMI),fasting plasma glucose(FPG)level,proportions of CVD family history,dyslipidemia and severe OSAHS(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that age,BMI,dyslipi-demia,FPG and severe OSAHS were independent risk factors for CVD in OSAHS patients(OR=2.213～2.482,P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Conclusion:Age,BMI,dyslipidemia,FPG and severe OSAHS are independent risk factors of CVD in OSAHS patients.Individualized prevention and control strategies can be formulated according to above fac-tors in clinic,which is of great significance for prevention of CVD occurrence.

Objective: To identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of docetaxel combined with a fixed dose of cisplatin (75 mg/m 2 ) delivered as hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients with ovarian cancer. Methods: In this phase I trial, a time-to-event Bayesian optimal interval design was used.Docetaxel was given at a starting dose of 60 mg/m2 and was increased in 5 mg/m2 increments until the MTD was determined or the maximum dose level of 75 mg/m2 was reached. The doselimiting toxicity (DLT) rate was set at 25%, with a total sample size of 30 patients. HIPEC was delivered immediately following debulking surgery at a target temperature of 43°C for 90 minutes. Results: From August 2022 to November 2022, 30 patients were enrolled. Among the patients who received a dose of docetaxel ≤65 mg/m2 , no DLT was reported. DLTs were observed in one patient who received 70 mg/m2 docetaxel (grade 3 anaemia) and in three patients who received 75 mg/m2 docetaxel (one case of grade 3 anaemia, one case of grade 3 hepatic impairment and one case of grade 4 thrombocytopenia). Patients treated with docetaxel 75 mg/m2 in combination with cisplatin 75 mg/m2 had an estimated DLT rate of 25%, which was the closest to the target DLT rate and was therefore chosen as the MTD. Conclusion Docetaxel, in combination with a fixed dose of cisplatin (75 mg/m2), can be used safely at intraperitoneal doses of 75 mg/m2 in ovarian cancer patients who received HIPEC (43°C, 90 minutes) following debulking surgery.

Pulmonary nocardiosis and pneumocystis pneumonia are rare opportunistic infections clinically,both tend to occur in immunocompromised patients.However,the co-infection of the two has been reported rarely.With complex clinical and imaging findings,the co-infection is difficult to diagnose and treat.This article reports the dia-gnosis and treatment process of a case of the co-infection with Nocardia asiatica and Pneumocystis,reviewed the relevant literatures,so as to improve the understanding of the disease.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting both upper and lower motor neurons. ALS patients develop progressive muscle atrophy, muscle weak and paralysis, finally died of respiratory failure. ALS is characterized by fast aggression and high mortality. What' s more, the disease is highly heterogeneous with unclear pathogenesis and lacks effective drugs for therapy. In this review, we summarize the main pathological mechanisms and the current drugs under development for ALS, which may provide a reference for the drug discovery in the future.

Objective To observe the pharmacokinetic effect of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets on amoxicillin in Chinese healthy subjects under fasting and high fat and high calorie diet.Methods 71 healthy subjects were given a single dose of amoxicillin potassium clavulanate tablets(0.375 g)on fasting or high fat diet,and venous blood samples were collected at different time points.The concentrations of amoxicillin in human plasma were determined by HPLC-MS/MS method,and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-atrioventricular model using PhoenixWinNonlin 8.0 software.Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin potassium clavulanate tablets after fasting and high fat diet were(5 105.00±1 444.00),(4 593.00±1 327.00)ng·mL-1,and postprandial-fasting ratio 89.40％,90％confidence interval(79.55％-100.19％);t1/2 were(1.52±0.16),(1.39±0.22)h;AUC0-t were(12 969.00±1 841.00),(11 577.00±1 663.00)ng·mL-1·h,and postdietary/fasting ratio 89.20％,90％confidence interval(83.92％-94.28％);AUC0-∞ were(13 024.00±1 846.00),(11 532.00±1 545.00)ng·mL-1·h,and postprandial-fasting ratio 88.60％,90％confidence interval(83.48％-93.50％).The median Tmax(range)were 1.63(0.75,3.00)and 2.50(0.75,6.00)h,respectively,and the Tmax of postprandial medication was delayed(P＜0.01).Conclusion Compared with fasting condition,amoxicillin Tmax was significantly delayed after high fat diet,while Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were not significantly changed,indicating that food could delay the absorption of amoxicillin,but did not affect the degree of absorption.

Surface guided radiation therapy (SGRT) is a non-radiation, non-invasive technology that provides continuous postural monitoring of patients during radiotherapy. Using advanced 3D optical surface localization and tracking technology, SGRT quickly captures the surface contour information of patients through optical means to generate high-precision 3D surface contours, enabling real-time monitoring of patients during radiotherapy to ensure its accuracy. This image-guided technology has been widely applied in radiotherapy for tumors in different parts of the body, such as breast, intracranial, head and neck, and limbs. SGRT can reduce initial setup errors and provide real-time monitoring during treatment, or be combined with respiratory gating and deep inspiration breath-hold techniques. SGRT can also reduce radiation dose by reducing the use of CBCT, improve patient comfort with the use of immobilization devices, and enhance clinical speed, efficiency, and safety. This review aims to provide an overview of the commonly used technology and clinical applications of SGRT, and discuss its current limitations and future prospects.