ObjectiveTo establish a model that can quickly identify the aroma components in different parts of Nardostachys jatamansi， so as to provide a quality control basis for the market circulation and clinical use of N. jatamansi. MethodsHeadspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS） combined with Smart aroma database and National Institute of Standards and Technology（NIST） database were used to characterize the aroma components in different parts of N. jatamansi， and the aroma components were quantified according to relative response factor（RRF） and three internal standards， and the markers of aroma differences in different parts of N. jatamansi were identified by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） and cluster thermal analysis based on variable importance in the projection（VIP） value >1 and P<0.01. The odor data of different parts of N. jatamansi were collected by Heracles Ⅱ Neo ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose， and the correlation between compound types of aroma components collected by the ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose and the detection results of HS-SPME-GC-MS was investigated by drawing odor fingerprints and odor response radargrams. Chromatographic peak information with distinguishing ability≥0.700 and peak area≥200 was selected as sensor data， and the rapid identification model of different parts of N. jatamansi was established by principal component analysis（PCA）， discriminant factor alysis（DFA）， soft independent modeling of class analogies（SIMCA） and statistical quality control analysis（SQCA）. ResultsThe HS-SPME-GC-MS results showed that there were 28 common components in the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi， of which 22 could be quantified and 12 significantly different components were screened out. Among these 12 components， the contents of five components（ethyl isovalerate， 2-pentylfuran， benzyl alcohol， nonanal and glacial acetic acid，） in the aboveground part of N. jatamansi were significantly higher than those in the underground part（P<0.01）， the contents of β-ionone， patchouli alcohol， α-caryophyllene， linalyl butyrate， valencene， 1，8-cineole and p-cymene in the underground part of N. jatamansi were significantly higher than those in the aboveground part（P<0.01）. Heracles Ⅱ Neo electronic nose results showed that the PCA discrimination index of the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi was 82， and the contribution rates of the principal component factors were 99.94% and 99.89% when 2 and 3 principal components were extracted， respectively. The contribution rate of the discriminant factor 1 of the DFA model constructed on the basis of PCA was 100%， the validation score of the SIMCA model for discrimination of the two parts was 99， and SQCA could clearly distinguish different parts of N. jatamansi. ConclusionHS-SPME-GC-MS can clarify the differential markers of underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi. The four analytical models provided by Heracles Ⅱ Neo electronic nose（PCA， DFA， SIMCA and SQCA） can realize the rapid identification of different parts of N. jatamansi. Combining the two results， it is speculated that terpenes and carboxylic acids may be the main factors contributing to the difference in aroma between the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi.

BACKGROUND:Human periodontal ligament stem cells are potential functional cells for periodontal tissue engineering.However,long-term in vitro culture may lead to reduced stemness and replicative senescence of periodontal ligament stem cells,which may impair the therapeutic effect of human periodontal ligament stem cells. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of oxymatrine on the stemness maintenance and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells in vitro,and to explore the potential mechanism. METHODS:Periodontal ligament stem cells were isolated from human periodontal ligament tissues by tissue explant enzyme digestion and cultured.The surface markers of mesenchymal cells were identified by flow cytometry.Periodontal ligament stem cells were incubated with 0,2.5,5,and 10 μg/mL oxymatrine.The effect of oxymatrine on the proliferation activity of periodontal ligament stem cells was detected by CCK8 assay.The appropriate drug concentration for subsequent experiments was screened.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of stem cell non-specific proteins SOX2 and OCT4 in periodontal ligament stem cells.qRT-PCR and western blot assay were used to detect the expression levels of related osteogenic genes and proteins in periodontal ligament stem cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of CCK8 assay showed that 2.5 μg/mL oxymatrine significantly enhanced the proliferative activity of periodontal stem cells,and the subsequent experiment selected 2.5 μg/mL oxymatrine to intervene.(2)Compared with the blank control group,the protein expression level of SOX2,a stem marker of periodontal ligament stem cells in the oxymatrine group did not change significantly(P>0.05),and the expression of OCT4 was significantly up-regulated(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the osteogenic induction group,the osteogenic genes ALP,RUNX2 mRNA expression and their osteogenic associated protein ALP protein expression of periodontal ligament stem cells were significantly down-regulated in the oxymatrine+osteogenic induction group(P<0.05).(4)The oxymatrine up-regulated the expression of stemness markers of periodontal ligament stem cells and inhibited the bone differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells,and the results of high-throughput sequencing showed that it may be associated with WNT2,WNT16,COMP,and BMP6.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Ghrelin on traumatic brain injury(TBI)in rats based on the HO-1/PGC-1αsignaling pathway.Methods Thirty SPF male rats were randomly divided into sham,TBI,and Ghrelin groups,with 10 rats in each group.A TBI rat model was established using the Feeney free-fall impingement method.The Ghrelin group was injected by caudal vein at a dose of 20 μg/kg 30 min after modeling,while the sham group was not impinged.After 72 h of modeling,the brain tissues of the rats were col-lected,and the brain water content was measured in order to analyze the severity of brain edema.HE staining was used to observe patho-logical changes in brain tissue.The levels of the oxidative stress factors MDA,SOD,and GSH-Px were determined using ELISA.TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of the brain cells,and the expression levels of Bcl-2,Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the brain tissues were detected by Western blotting.Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mtROS)in the brain tissues were detected by immuno-fluorescence.Mitochondrial function indicators,including mitochondrial mitogen Mfn 1/2,nuclear respiration factor 1(NRF1),and mito-chondrial transcription factor A(TFAM)were detected by Western blotting.The expression levels of HO-1 and PGC-1α in the brain tis-sues of rats in each group were detected by Western blotting.Twenty TBI model rats treated with Ghrelin were divided into Ghrelin+sh-NC and Ghrelin+sh-HMOX1 group with 10 rats in each group.Rats were treated with Ghrelin and injected with knock-down control(adenovirus 2.5 × 109 pfu)or knock-down HMOX1 adenovirus(2.5 × 109 pfu)via tail vein.Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of HO-1,PGC-1 α,Bcl-2,Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the brain tissues of the two groups.The levels of MDA,SOD and GSH-Px in brain tissue of two groups were detected by ELISA.Results Compared with the sham group,the pathological injury and brain edema in TBI group were aggravated,the number of brain cell apoptosis increased,the levels of oxidative stress factors SOD and GSH-Px decreased,the level of MDA increased,the level of mtROS in brain tissue decreased,the expressions of Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 increased,and the expressions of Mfn1/2,NRF1,TFAM,HO-1 and PGC-1α decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with TBI group,the pathological damage of brain tissue in Ghrelin group was improved,the brain edema was alleviated,the number of brain cell apoptosis was reduced,the levels of oxidative stress factors SOD and GSH-Px were increased,the level of MDA was decreased,the mtROS in brain tissue was decreased,the expression of Bcl-2 protein was increased,the expressions of Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 protein were decreased,and the expressions of Mfn1/2,NRF1,TFAM,HO-1 and PGC-1α were decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with Ghrelin+sh-NC group,the expressions of Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9,MDA in brain tissue of Ghrelin+sh-HMOX1 group increased,while the levels of SOD and GSH-Px decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Chrelin has protective effect on TBI in rats,and can inhibit brain tissue injury and apoptosis in rats.Its mechanism may be achieved by regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress through HO-1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the alterations in the numbers of cortical neurons and synapses in type 1 diabetic rats and their correlation with cognitive dysfunction.Methods A type 1 diabetes model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ).Four-month-old specific pathogen-free(SPF)-grade Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly allocated into a control group and a diabetic group,with five rats in each group.After three months of continuous feeding,optical fractionator stereology was employed to quantitatively analyze the volume of the cerebral cortex,the number of neurons,and the number of synapses.Results In comparison with the control group,the volume of the cerebral cortex in the diabetic group decreased by 6.00%,and the number of neurons decreased by 14.09%.However,these differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Never the-less,the density of synapses significantly decreased by 70.14%(P<0.05),and there was a significant difference in the number of Spinophilin/Neurabin-positive synaptic boutons per neuron in the cortex(P<0.05).Conclusion Although early-stage type 1 diabetes does not lead to a significant loss of cortical neurons,the substantial reduction in synaptic numbers might be a crucial pathological basis for cognitive dysfunction.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of Gongxuening Capsules in reducing post-abortion bleeding following artificial abortion.Methods:A multicenter, randomized, double-blind study was conducted. From May 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023, 484 women who underwent vacuum aspiration abortion for early intrauterine pregnancy were enrolled in 11 centers and randomly assigned to control group and the study group at a 1∶1 ratio using a center-block randomization method. Control group were administered a placebo of Gongxuening Capsules for 9 d, while the study group received the actual Gongxuening Capsules for the same duration. The outcomes measured included vaginal bleeding volume, duration of vaginal bleeding, endometrial thickness, time to menstrual recovery, and complications.Results:1) A total of 484 subjects were enrolled, and 472 completed the study. Totally 450 subjects were included in the efficacy analysis set, with 224 in control group and 226 in the study group; 468 subjects were included in the safety analysis set, with 236 in control group and 232 in the study group. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable (all P>0.05). 2) The vaginal bleeding volume was lower in the study group [(13.30±12.14) mL] than in control group [(19.00±17.67) mL, P<0.001]. The proportion of subjects in the study group with bleeding days less than 4 d [29.65% (67/226)] was higher than that in control group [19.20% (43/224), P=0.010]. 3) No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of time to menstrual recovery and endometrial thickness (all P>0.05). 4) In the study group, 3 subjects experienced non-therapeutic-related complications, while 11 subjects in control group. The incidence of complications was lower in the study group [1.29% (3/232)] than in control group [4.66% (11/236), P=0.033]. Conclusion:The administration of Gongxuening Capsules to women following artificial abortion significantly reduced vaginal bleeding volume and was associated with good safety, with the treatment being well-tolerated by the subjects.

Objectives:To explore the feasibility of zero-ray radiofrequency catheter ablation for paroxymal atrial fibrillation under the guidance of transthoracic echocardiography combined with three-dimensional mapping system.Methods:This is a single-center prospective observational study.A total of 12 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation in Fuwai Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from June 1,2024 to September 30,2024 were included.All patients underwent successful percutaneous puncture,atrial septal puncture under the guidance of transthoracic echocardiography,and all patients underwent left atrial modeling and discharge ablation under the guidance of transthoracic echocardiography combined with three-dimensional mapping system.The disappearance of pulmonary vein potential was confirmed after the ablation operation and as the ablation endpoint and successful ablation marker.The operation results and 1-month and 3-month follow-up results of the patients were observed.Results:There were 12 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,9 males and 3 females,aged(56.8±11.2)years,with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation(4.2±2.3)years.The mean left atrial diameter was(36.5±2.5)mm,the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was(47.8±4.1)mm,and the left ventricular ejection fraction was 55%-65%.The mean overall operation time was(102.25±14.51)min,the ultrasound operation time was(29.58±6.23)min,and the catheter operation time was(33.08±4.10)min.All patients completed circumferential pulmonary vein isolation without intraoperative complications.The hospitalization time was 2-6 days.At the 1-month follow-up after ablation,all patients showed sinus rhythm on 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram,and 2 patients had occasional atrial premature contractions without recurrence of atrial fibrillation.At the 3-month follow-up,two patients had occasional premature atrial contractions,and no recurrence of atrial fibrillation was recorded on the electrocardiogram of all patients.Conclusions:It is feasible to complete radiofrequency catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation under the guidance of transthoracic echocardiography combined with three-dimensional mapping system.

Objective:To observe and compare the application of different scanning fields of view (FOV) in cone beam CT (CBCT) imaging of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and to explore the advantages and disadvantages of different CBCT scanning FOV for TMJ imaging. The aim is to provide a reference for the rational selection of CBCT scanning FOV for TMJ imaging in clinical practice.Methods:A total of 46 patients with temporomandibular disorders [22 males, 24 females; median age 24.5 years (range from 12 to 84 years)] were enrolled from the Department of Stomatology,the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, between January 2023 and January 2025. All patients underwent CBCT scanning of the temporomandibular joints with both large and small fields of view using the same CBCT device, Newtom 5G (QR S.r.l, Italy), including small-field-of-view (sFOV 6 cm×6 cm, 46 cases, 92 sides) and large-field-of-view (lFOV 15 cm×12 cm for 26 cases with 52 sides or 18 cm×16 cm for 20 cases with 40 sides). A self-matched design was used to compare imaging parameters (scan time, exposure time, reconstruction voxel, radiation dose, data volume), image quality, and lesion detection efficacy (articular surface flattening, surface erosion, osteophyte, subcortical sclerosis, subcortical cyst, intra-articular calcification). Additionally, differences in joint spaces, condylar head height, and condylar height were analyzed.Results:In the sFOV group, scan time (72 s vs. 24 s) and exposure time (14.6 s vs. 4.8 s) were significantly longer than those in the lFOV group, with smaller reconstruction voxels (0.15 mm vs. 0.3 mm). Radiation dose in the sFOV group [(199.94±5.52) mGy·cm] was significantly higher than that in the lFOV 15 cm×12 cm subgroup [(96.20±25.34) mGy·cm, t=-20.29, P<0.001] and the 18 cm×16 cm subgroup [(101.73±13.49) mGy·cm, t=-31.34, P<0.001]. In terms of data volume, the sFOV group [(274.18±1.74) MB] was larger than the lFOV 15 cm×12 cm subgroup [(208.83±20.13) MB, t=-16.75, P<0.001], while the lFOV 18 cm×16 cm subgroup [(386.39±1.63) MB] was significantly larger than the sFOV group [(274.83±1.78) MB, t=214.49, P<0.001]. sFOV images showed clearer anatomical margins, distinguishable trabecular bone, and fewer artifacts. The detection rate of subcortical cyst in the sFOV group (50.0%, 46/92) was significantly higher than that in the lFOV group (36.96%, 34/92, χ2=5.61, P=0.018), with a moderate agreement Kappa coefficient of 0.48. Detection rates of articular surface flattening (80.43%, 74/92) and osteophyte (55.43%, 51/92) were identical between groups, with a perfect agreement Kappa coefficient of 1. Detection rates of subcortical sclerosis (69.57% vs. 68.48%) and intra-articular calcification (5.43% vs. 4.34%) were slightly higher in sFOV but without statistical significance ( P>0.05), with high Kappa coefficients of 0.93 and 0.88, respectively. For subcortical erosion, sFOV detection rate (38.04%, 35/92) was higher than lFOV (26.09%, 24/92, Kappa=0.53, moderate agreement), with no significant difference in detection rate (χ2=2.97, P=0.085). There were no statistical differences in joint space or condylar head height measurements between groups ( P>0.05), but condylar height measurements in the sFOV group were significantly greater than those in the lFOV group ( t=4.52, P<0.001). Conclusions:Large FOV provides wide anatomical coverage, optimizes radiation dose and data processing efficiency, and is more convenient for quantitative TMJ measurements.Small FOV offers superior resolution for displaying subtle condylar structures and lesions.Clinically, the choice of scan field should be individualized based on examination objectives (large FOV for holistic assessment/quantitative analysis; small FOV for early bone lesion diagnosis), equipment performance, and patient characteristics.

Objective:To compare minimally invasive surgery with traditional open surgery, analyze the current application status of health economic evaluations in the treatment of digestive tract cancers, such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer by minimally invasive surgery and provide evidence for the rational selection of clinical treatment, alleviation of disease-related economic burdens, and rational allocation of healthcare resources.Methods:By using five databases, i.e. China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang data, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, and Embase, a database was established to retrieve all the papers about health economic studies of minimally invasive surgery for esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer published until December 31, 2023. Literature was analyzed by using software NoteExpress 3.8, and data were processed using Excel 2021. The quality of included papers was evaluated using the CHEERS 2022 checklist, and Meta-analysis was conducted by using software Stata 17.0.Results:A total of 10 919 relevant papers were retrieved, and 59 studies were included. Only 14 studies (23.7%) used standard health economic evaluation methods. Meta-analysis results revealed no significant differences in direct medical expenditure and total expenditure between minimally invasive surgery and open surgery. However, the expenditure for minimally invasive surgery exhibited a significant increase [mean difference ( MD)=5 973.12 yuan, P<0.001], while hospital stay and indirect expenditure significantly decreased ( MD: -4.85 days and -733.79 yuan, P<0.001). In China, for gastric cancer, the direct medical expenditure of endoscopic surgery was lower than that of open surgery ( MD=-33 000.00 yuan) with no significant difference ( P<0.001). In colorectal cancer cases, the direct medical and surgical expenditures for laparoscopic surgery were higher than those for open surgery ( MD: 4 277.94 yuan and 4 267.80 yuan, P<0.001), while the indirect and total medical expenditures decreased ( MD: -768.34 yuan and -159.10 yuan). Hospital stays in patients who had minimally invasive surgery for all three types of cancer were shorter than those who had open surgery ( P<0.001). Conclusions:In the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer, compared with open surgery, minimally invasive surgery shows higher expenditure, but has advantages, such as shorter hospital stay and lower indirect expenditure, and there were no significant differences in direct medical and total expenditures between the two approaches. When conducting health economic evaluation, factors such as postoperative complications, hospital stay, and patient's economic status should be considered for their impact on total medical expenditure. It is necessary to pay attention to the application of health economic evaluations in healthcare decision-making.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of monitoring indicators related to the"Perioperative In-fection Control"in medical institutions above the secondary level in Guizhou Province,and to delve into the imple-mentation of key measures for infection prevention and control during the perioperative period for patients under-going surgical operations.METHODS Based on the"Implementation Plan for the'Perioperative Infection Control'Initiative in Guizhou Province",a"Case Investigation Form on Key Measures for Infection Prevention and Control During the Perioperative Period for Patients Undergoing Surgical Operation"was developed.A total of 138 medi-cal institutions participated in the case investigation,and a total of 2 128 cases were investigated.RESULTS The overall monitoring indicators for the"Perioperative Infection Control"initiative in the 138 medical institutions a-bove the secondary level in Guizhou Province were at a relatively low level.The skin cleansing compliance rate was 80.32％,the hair removal compliance rate was 16.43％,the prophylactic antibacterial drug administration rate within 0.5-1 hour before surgery was 55.94％and the antibacterial drug discontinuation rate within 24 hours after prophylactic medication for type Ⅰ incision surgeries was 56.48％.The hair removal compliance rate was higher in tertiary medical institutions(19.21％)than in secondary medical institutions(14.34％)(P=0.039).The distri-bution of the four monitoring indicators varied in clinical departments and surgery types,with statistically signifi-cant differences(P＜0.05).The preferred method for surgical site skin cleansing in medical institutions across the province was local wiping,primarily with clean water(57.21％).The primary method for hair removal was razors(68.82％),and hair removal on the day of surgery was most common(61.75％).CONCLUSIONS Conduc-ting a survey on the current status of"Perioperative Infection Control"initiative monitoring indicators in medi-cal institutions in Guizhou Province helps to understand the implementation of key measures for perioperative in-fection prevention and control and set intervention targets,thus providing references for establishing a dynam-ic monitoring indicator change mechanism.