Objective To systematically review the evidence from systematic reviews on the effect of exercise on internet behavioral addictions.Methods Systematic reviews on exercise for internet behavioral addictions were searched in Web of Science,Scopus,EBSCO,PsycINFO,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase and CNKI,from January,2015 to January,2025.In ac-cordance with the PRISMA guidelines,the evidences about exercise on internet behavioral addiction,as well as the health benefits,were reported.Results Eleven English reviews were included,from China,Malaysia,Indonesia and Australia,involving 31 672 internet behavioral addiction aged ten to 30 years,covering internet addiction,mobile phone addiction and gaming addic-tion.The included literatures were all systematic reviews mainly from journals in psychology,psychiatry,public health,etc.Interventions included aerobic exercise,strength training,functional training,skill-based training and structured combination exercise,with programs ranging from 30 to 120 minutes per session,one to six times per week,for six to 24 weeks.Exercise significantly improved mental health,behavioral health,physical health and cognitive function.Moderate-intensity structured combination exercise(≥60 minutes persession,≥3 times per week,≥8 weeks)showed the best outcomes,especially for gaming addiction.Exercise combined with psycholog-ical therapy was more effective for severe addiction.Conclusion Exercise is effective on internet behavioral addictions,and moderate-intensity structured combination exer-cise is the most effective.It is recommended to use structured combination exercise for gaming addiction and combined exercise-psychological therapy for severe addiction.

Objective:To investigate the reparative effects and underlying mechanisms of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) in conjunction with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on ovarian dysfunction in mice exposed to simulated high-altitude conditions.Methods:A total of 64 six-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated according to random number table, assigned to control group, model group, hUCMSCs group and hUCMSCs+HBO group, with 16 mice in each group. Mice in model group, hUCMSCs group and hUCMSCs+HBO group were placed in a hypobaric oxygen chamber to simulate a high-altitude environment at an elevation of 6 500 m for 15 d, thereby establishing a model of ovarian dysfunction. Beginning on the first day following model establishment, the control and model groups received intravenous injections of 0.2 mL saline via the tail vein. In contrast, the hUCMSCs group and the hUCMSCs+HBO group received 0.2 mL hUCMSCs (1×10 6 cells) per mouse through tail vein injection, administered once a week for three weeks, with continuous intervention lasting 15 d. Furthermore, the hUCMSCs+HBO group were subjected to daily hyperbaric oxygen treatment. The recorded variables included general health status, body weight, estrous cycle changes, serum hormone levels, bilateral ovarian wet weight, ovarian index, follicular development assessment, pathological alterations of ovarian tissue, ultrastructural changes, and the expression levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and Smad family member 3 (Smad3) detected by Western blotting in ovarian tissue. Additionally, litter size and offspring body weight were measured across all groups to evaluate the reproductive capacity of the mice. Results:1) Compared with the hUCMSCs group, the hUCMSCs+HBO group exhibited no statistically significant differences in estrous cycle, body weight, bilateral ovarian wet weight, or ovarian index (all P>0.05). Furthermore, serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH), as well as counts of various stages of follicles in hUCMSCs+HBO group, did not demonstrate statistically significant differences compared with hUCMSCs group (all P>0.05). Notably, in the hUCMSCs+HBO group, the integrity of the nuclear membrane in granulosa cells of the ovarian tissue was preserved, with only mild swelling observed in individual mitochondria, while no expansion of the rough endoplasmic reticulum or swelling of the Golgi apparatus were noted. Additionally, expression levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3 proteins in the hUCMSCs+HBO group were significantly elevated compared with the hUCMSCs group ( P=0.010, P<0.001). The conditions of the offspring and litter size showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups (all P>0.05). 2)Compared with control group, the hUCMSCs+HBO group had slightly lower values for body weight, bilateral ovarian wet weight, ovarian index, serum levels of AMH, estradiol, and progesterone, while had slightly higher serum levels of FSH and LH without statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). Importantly, the ultrastructural characteristics of granulosa cells in the ovarian tissue of the hUCMSCs+HBO group closely resembled those of control group, displaying intact structures of the nuclear membrane, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. There was no significant difference in TGF-β1 protein level between hUCMSCs+HBO group and control group ( P=0.253), but Smad3 protein level in hUCMSCs+HBO group was higher than that in control group ( P<0.001). No statistically significant differences were detected in offspring body weight, litter size, or behavioral tendencies (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Both hUCMSCs and the combination of hUCMSCs with HBO intervention demonstrated a safe and effective promotion of functional repair in damaged ovarian tissue under hypoxic conditions. Notably, the combination treatment of hUCMSCs with HBO exhibited a synergistic effect compared with hUCMSCs alone. The potential mechanism underlying this enhanced functional repair may involve the upregulation of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway, which could ultimately improve fertility outcomes in mice subjected to hypoxic environments.

According to the principle and current domestic and international construction processes of core outcome set(COS) and the characteristics of post-stroke aphasia, this study built COS with evidence-based support for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment of post-stroke aphasia. Firstly, a comprehensive review was conducted on the articles about the TCM treatment of post-stroke aphasia that were published in the four major Chinese databases, three major English databases, and three clinical registration centers over the past five years. The articles were analyzed and summarized, on the basis of which the main part of the COS for clinical research on the TCM treatment of post-stroke aphasia was formed. Secondly, clinical doctors and related nursing personnel were interviewed, and important outcome indicators in the clinical diagnosis and treatment process were supplemented to form a pool of core outcome indicators. Two rounds of Delphi surveys were carried out to score the importance of the core outcome indicators in the pool. Finally, a consensus meeting of experts was held to establish the COS for clinical research on the TCM treatment of post-stroke aphasia. The final COS included a total of 268 studies [236 randomized controlled trials(RCTs), 21 Meta-analysis, and 11 clinical registration protocols] and 20 open questionnaire survey results. After two rounds of Delphi surveys, a total of 14 outcome indicators and their corresponding measurement tools were included in the expert consensus meeting. The final expert consensus meeting determined the COS for post-stroke aphasia, which included 9 indicator domains and 12 outcome indicators.
Humans ; Aphasia/therapy* ; Stroke/complications* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the effects and potential mechanisms by which synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) influences the distribution of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the trans-Golgi network (TGN), endolysosomal system, and cell membranes and to reveal the effects of SV2A on APP amyloid degradation. METHODS: Colocalization analysis of APP with specific tagged proteins in the TGN, ensolysosomal system, and cell membrane was performed to explore the effects of SV2A on the intracellular transport of APP. APP, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expressions, and APP cleavage products levels were investigated to observe the effects of SV2A on APP amyloidogenic processing. RESULTS: APP localization was reduced in the TGN, early endosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes, whereas it was increased in the recycling endosomes and cell membrane of SV2A-overexpressed neurons. Moreover, Arl5b (ADP-ribosylation factor 5b), a protein responsible for transporting APP from the TGN to early endosomes, was upregulated by SV2A. SV2A overexpression also decreased APP transport from the cell membrane to early endosomes by downregulating APP endocytosis. In addition, products of APP amyloid degradation, including sAPPβ, Aβ _1-42, and Aβ _1-40, were decreased in SV2A-overexpressed cells. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that SV2A promotes APP transport from the TGN to early endosomes by upregulating Arl5b and promoting APP transport from early endosomes to recycling endosomes-cell membrane pathway, which slows APP amyloid degradation.
Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics* ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics* ; Animals ; Protein Transport ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics* ; Humans ; Mice ; Endosomes/metabolism* ; trans-Golgi Network/metabolism*

Objective:To investigate the reparative effects and underlying mechanisms of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) in conjunction with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on ovarian dysfunction in mice exposed to simulated high-altitude conditions.Methods:A total of 64 six-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated according to random number table, assigned to control group, model group, hUCMSCs group and hUCMSCs+HBO group, with 16 mice in each group. Mice in model group, hUCMSCs group and hUCMSCs+HBO group were placed in a hypobaric oxygen chamber to simulate a high-altitude environment at an elevation of 6 500 m for 15 d, thereby establishing a model of ovarian dysfunction. Beginning on the first day following model establishment, the control and model groups received intravenous injections of 0.2 mL saline via the tail vein. In contrast, the hUCMSCs group and the hUCMSCs+HBO group received 0.2 mL hUCMSCs (1×10 6 cells) per mouse through tail vein injection, administered once a week for three weeks, with continuous intervention lasting 15 d. Furthermore, the hUCMSCs+HBO group were subjected to daily hyperbaric oxygen treatment. The recorded variables included general health status, body weight, estrous cycle changes, serum hormone levels, bilateral ovarian wet weight, ovarian index, follicular development assessment, pathological alterations of ovarian tissue, ultrastructural changes, and the expression levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and Smad family member 3 (Smad3) detected by Western blotting in ovarian tissue. Additionally, litter size and offspring body weight were measured across all groups to evaluate the reproductive capacity of the mice. Results:1) Compared with the hUCMSCs group, the hUCMSCs+HBO group exhibited no statistically significant differences in estrous cycle, body weight, bilateral ovarian wet weight, or ovarian index (all P>0.05). Furthermore, serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH), as well as counts of various stages of follicles in hUCMSCs+HBO group, did not demonstrate statistically significant differences compared with hUCMSCs group (all P>0.05). Notably, in the hUCMSCs+HBO group, the integrity of the nuclear membrane in granulosa cells of the ovarian tissue was preserved, with only mild swelling observed in individual mitochondria, while no expansion of the rough endoplasmic reticulum or swelling of the Golgi apparatus were noted. Additionally, expression levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3 proteins in the hUCMSCs+HBO group were significantly elevated compared with the hUCMSCs group ( P=0.010, P<0.001). The conditions of the offspring and litter size showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups (all P>0.05). 2)Compared with control group, the hUCMSCs+HBO group had slightly lower values for body weight, bilateral ovarian wet weight, ovarian index, serum levels of AMH, estradiol, and progesterone, while had slightly higher serum levels of FSH and LH without statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). Importantly, the ultrastructural characteristics of granulosa cells in the ovarian tissue of the hUCMSCs+HBO group closely resembled those of control group, displaying intact structures of the nuclear membrane, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. There was no significant difference in TGF-β1 protein level between hUCMSCs+HBO group and control group ( P=0.253), but Smad3 protein level in hUCMSCs+HBO group was higher than that in control group ( P<0.001). No statistically significant differences were detected in offspring body weight, litter size, or behavioral tendencies (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Both hUCMSCs and the combination of hUCMSCs with HBO intervention demonstrated a safe and effective promotion of functional repair in damaged ovarian tissue under hypoxic conditions. Notably, the combination treatment of hUCMSCs with HBO exhibited a synergistic effect compared with hUCMSCs alone. The potential mechanism underlying this enhanced functional repair may involve the upregulation of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway, which could ultimately improve fertility outcomes in mice subjected to hypoxic environments.

Objective To systematically review the evidence from systematic reviews on the effect of exercise on internet behavioral addictions.Methods Systematic reviews on exercise for internet behavioral addictions were searched in Web of Science,Scopus,EBSCO,PsycINFO,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase and CNKI,from January,2015 to January,2025.In ac-cordance with the PRISMA guidelines,the evidences about exercise on internet behavioral addiction,as well as the health benefits,were reported.Results Eleven English reviews were included,from China,Malaysia,Indonesia and Australia,involving 31 672 internet behavioral addiction aged ten to 30 years,covering internet addiction,mobile phone addiction and gaming addic-tion.The included literatures were all systematic reviews mainly from journals in psychology,psychiatry,public health,etc.Interventions included aerobic exercise,strength training,functional training,skill-based training and structured combination exercise,with programs ranging from 30 to 120 minutes per session,one to six times per week,for six to 24 weeks.Exercise significantly improved mental health,behavioral health,physical health and cognitive function.Moderate-intensity structured combination exercise(≥60 minutes persession,≥3 times per week,≥8 weeks)showed the best outcomes,especially for gaming addiction.Exercise combined with psycholog-ical therapy was more effective for severe addiction.Conclusion Exercise is effective on internet behavioral addictions,and moderate-intensity structured combination exer-cise is the most effective.It is recommended to use structured combination exercise for gaming addiction and combined exercise-psychological therapy for severe addiction.

Objective:To investigate whether there is an correlation between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in different environments during pregnancy and iodine nutritional levels of pregnant women. Methods:From March to August 2023, a case-control study method was used to select Midong District of Urumqi City with severe PM 2.5 pollution and Bole City of Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture with higher air quality index as the survey sites. Pregnant women before 28 weeks of pregnancy who voluntarily participated in this study and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were selected as the study subjects at the above locations. The basic information of the study subjects was investigated in the form of questionnaires. Whole blood, saliva, and urine samples were collected from the study subjects to determine serum iodine, salivary iodine, urinary iodine, and urinary creatinine levels. The average daily PM 2.5 exposure concentrations of pregnant women in outdoor, indoor, and multiple environments were calculated in Midong District and Bole City, respectively. The correlation between PM 2.5 exposure concentrations in different environments during pregnancy and iodine nutrition level of pregnant women was analyzed through a generalized linear model. Results:Midong District included 157 pregnant women, and Bole City included 145 pregnant women. There were statistically significant differences in the outdoor daily average PM 2.5 exposure concentration, indoor daily average PM 2.5 exposure concentration, daily maximum PM 2.5 exposure concentration in multiple environments, and daily minimum PM 2.5 exposure concentration in multiple environments among pregnant women between the two regions ( P < 0.05). The serum iodine [ M ( Q1, Q3): 83.99 (71.93, 93.39), 86.93 (76.90, 98.31) μg/L] and salivary iodine levels [76.90 (44.93, 140.36), 50.22 (24.12, 82.77) μg/L] of pregnant women in the two regions were compared, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The overall indoor and outdoor daily average PM 2.5 exposure concentrations of pregnant women in Midong District and Bole City were positively correlated with salivary iodine levels ( P < 0.001), and the daily minimum PM 2.5 exposure concentration in multiple environments was positively correlated with serum iodine levels ( P = 0.019). Conclusion:There are differences in iodine nutrition levels among pregnant women in different PM 2.5 exposure areas, and exposure to PM 2.5 during pregnancy may lead to fluctuations in iodine nutrition levels among pregnant women.

Objective:To compare the effectiveness of cylindrical-shaped and conical-shaped cuff catheters for airway closure using different pressure measurement methods at the lowest safe pressure and to guide the clinical application.Methods:Twenty-four patients with endotracheal intubation admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital from December 2021 to January 2022 were enrolled. Leakage test in vitro was performed on the secretion on the patients' cuff. The needle and plunger from 20 mL syringe was separated, the syringe was sealed with adhesive, and the syringe nozzle was filled thoroughly to create a tracheal model. Consecutively, both cylindrical-shaped and conical-shaped cuff catheters were inserted into the simulated trachea, and the cuff pressure was calibrated to 20 cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O≈0.098 kPa) before commencing the experiment. The viscosity of the secretion on the patients' cuff was classified (grade Ⅰ was watery subglottic secretion, grade Ⅱ was thick subglottic secretion, grade Ⅲ was gel-like subglottic secretion), and the same viscosity secretion was injected into the catheter cuff. Utilizing a self-control approach, intermittent pressure measurement was initially conducted on both the cylindrical-shaped and conical-shaped cuff by improved pressure measurement method (intermittent pressure measurement group), followed by continuous pressure measurement experiment (continuous pressure measurement group). The leakage volume of the three viscosity subglottic secretions and the values of cuff pressure measurement of different shaped cuff catheters at 4, 6, 8 hours of inflation were recorded. Results:A total of 180 retention samples were extracted from 24 patients with tracheal intubation during ventilation, with 90 samples in each of the two groups using different pressure measurement methods, and 30 samples of retention materials with different viscosities in each group. In the intermittent pressure measurement group, at 4 hours of inflation, all samples of secretion with grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ on cylindrical-shaped cuff leaked, while 3 samples of secretion with grade Ⅲ also leaked. For conical-shaped cuff, 28 samples of secretion with grade Ⅰ leaked, only 2 samples of secretion with grade Ⅱ leaked, and there was no leak for secretion with grade Ⅲ. At 6 hours of inflation, all samples of the three viscosity secretions on different shaped cuffs leaked. The leakage was gradually increased with the prolongation of inflation time. In the continuous pressure measurement group, at 4 hours of inflation, all samples of secretion with grade Ⅰ on cylindrical-shaped cuff leaked, while 29 samples of secretion with grade Ⅱ leaked, and there was no leak for secretion with grade Ⅲ. For the conical-shaped cuff, 26 samples of secretion with grade Ⅰ leaked, and there was no leak for secretion with grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ. At 6 hours of inflation, the conical-shaped cuff still had no leak for secretion with grade Ⅲ. As the inflation time prolonged, the leakage of subglottic secretion on different shaped cuffs in both groups was gradually increased. At 8 hours of inflation, all samples experienced leakage, but the leakage of subglottic secretion on different shaped cuffs in the continuous pressure measurement group was significantly reduced as compared with the intermittent pressure measurement group [leakage for secretion with grade Ⅲ (mL): 1.00 (0.00, 1.25) vs. 2.00 (1.00, 2.00) on the cylindrical-shaped cuff, 1.00 (0.00, 1.00) vs. 2.00 (2.00, 2.00) on the conical-shaped cuff, both P < 0.01]. The values of pressure measurement of cuffs with different shapes at different time points of inflation in the continuous pressure measurement group were within the set range (20-21 cmH 2O). The cuff pressure at 4 hours of inflation in the intermittent pressure measurement group was significantly lower than the initial value (cmH 2O: 18.3±0.6 vs. 20.0±0.0 in the cylindrical-shaped cuff, 18.4±0.6 vs. 20.0±0.0 in the conical-shaped cuff, both P < 0.01), and the cuff pressure in both shaped cuffs showed a significant decrease tendency as inflation time prolonged. However, there was no statistically significant difference in values of pressure measurement between the different shaped cuff catheters. Conclusions:Continuous pressure monitoring devices can maintain the effective sealing of conical-shaped cuff catheters at the lowest safe pressure. When using an improved pressure measurement method for intermittent pressure measurement and/or using a cylindrical cuff catheter, the target pressure should be set at 25-30 cmH 2O, and the cuff pressure should be adjusted regularly.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Yiqi Tongqiao Prescription on nasopharyngeal carcinoma in nude mice.Methods Thirty-two nude mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Yiqi Tongqiao Prescription low-and high-dose groups,with eight mice in each group.Except for the normal group,the other groups of nude mice were used to construct a nasopharyngeal carcinoma model.After treatment,the tumor volume of nude mice was measured,the levels of serum transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),the pathological morphology of nasal mucosa was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,the mRNA expressions of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1(TIMP-1)and matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9)in nasal mucosa were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR),the protein expressions of Wnt-1 andβ-catenin in nasal mucosa were detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the tumor volume of nude mice in the model group was increased,the levels of serum TGF-β1 and VEGF were increased,the mRNA expression level of TIMP-1 in nasal mucosa was decreased,the mRNA expression level of MMP-9 was increased,and the protein expression levels of Wnt-1 and β-catenin in nasal mucosa were increased(all P＜0.05).HE staining results showed structural defects of nasal mucosa,and a large number of eosinophils and other inflammatory cell infiltration.Compared with the model group,the tumor volume of nude mice in the low-and high-dose groups of Yiqi Tongqiao Prescription was reduced,the levels of serum TGF-β1 and VEGF were decreased,the mRNA expression level of TIMP-1 in nasal mucosa was increased,the mRNA expression level of MMP-9 was decreased,and the protein expression levels of Wnt-1 and β-catenin in nasal mucosa were decreased(all P＜0.05)in a dose-dependent manner.HE staining results showed that the morphology of nasal mucosa cells was significantly improved.Conclusion Yiqi Tongqiao Prescription inhibits the activity of MMP-9 through the endogenous regulation of TIMP-1 to maintain the homeostasis of extracellular matrix in nasopharyngeal carcinoma,and inhibits the abnormal activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and reduces the release of TGF-β1 and VEGF to reduce tumor angiogenesis,thereby playing a role in tumor inhibition for nude mice with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Aim To screen and study the expression of long non-coding RNA (IncRNA) in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with MCAO treated with Tao Hong Si Wu decoction (THSWD) and determine the possible molecular mechanism of THSWD in treating MCAO rats. Methods Three cerebral hemisphere tissue were obtained from the control group, MCAO group and MCAO + THSWD group. RNA sequencing technology was used to identify IncRNA gene expression in the three groups. THSWD-regulated IncRNA genes were identified, and then a THSWD-regu-lated IncRNA-mRNA network was constructed. MCODE plug-in units were used to identify the modules of IncRNA-mRNA networks. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) were used to analyze the enriched biological functions and signaling pathways. Cis- and trans-regulatory genes for THSWD-regulated IncRNAs were identified. Reverse transcription real-time quantitative pol-ymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to verify IncRNAs. Molecular docking was used to identify IncRNA-mRNA network targets and pathway-associated proteins. Results In MCAO rats, THSWD regulated a total of 302 IncRNAs. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that some core IncRNAs might play an important role in the treatment of MCAO rats with THSWD, and we further found that THSWD might also treat MCAO rats through multiple pathways such as IncRNA-mRNA network and network-enriched complement and coagulation cascades. The results of molecular docking showed that the active compounds gallic acid and a-mygdalin of THSWD had a certain binding ability to protein targets. Conclusions THSWD can protect the brain injury of MCAO rats through IncRNA, which may provide new insights for the treatment of ischemic stroke with THSWD.