Objective To investigate the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode human infections in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2023, so as to provide insights into formulation of soil-transmitted nematodiasis control strategies and evaluation of soil-transmitted nematodiasis control effectiveness. Methods There were 10 surveillance points established in Hubei Province for soil-transmitted nematodiasis each year from 2016 to 2023. The surveillance points were divided into eastern, western, southern, northern and central regions according to geographical locations, and one administrative village was sampled from a township in each region as a surveillance point. Then, at least 200 permanent residents at ages of over 3 years were randomly sampled at each point, with at least 1 000 individuals sampled. Soil-transmitted nematode infection was detected using a modified Kato-Katz thick smear method (two slides for one stool sample), and Enterobius vermicularis infection was additionally detected with a cellophane tape test among children at ages of 3 to 9 years. The prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode human infections was descriptively analyzed. Results A total of 80 547 individuals underwent surveillance for soil-transmitted nematodiasis in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2023, and a total of 262 individuals were detected with soil-transmitted nematode infections, including two cases with mixed infections, yielding an overall prevalence rate of 0.33% (262/80 547). The prevalence rates of hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and E. vermicularis infections were 0.02% (20/80 547), 0.07% (55/80 547), 0.02% (15/80 547) and 0.22% (174/80 547), respectively, appearing a parasite species-specific prevalence rate (χ² = 250.235, P < 0.05), and the prevalence rates of soil-transmitted nematode infections were 0.50%(51/10271),0.37%(34/9120),0.39%(39/10099),0.40%(41/10168), 0.36% (37/10 234), 0.45% (46/10 211), 0.03% (3/10 238) and 0.11% (11/10 206) in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2023, respectively, showing a year-specific prevalence rate (χ² = 60.589, P < 0.05). Soil-transmitted nematode infections were detected across 36 surveillance points, and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematode infections among surveillance points (0.02% to 3.30%, P < 0.001). In addition, the differences in prevalence rates of human soil-transmitted nematode infection among different age groups (χ² = 531.091, P < 0.05), occupations (P < 0.001), and education levels (P < 0.001) were all statistically significant. Among these, the children at ages of 3 to 9 years old (1.40%, 174/12 461), nursery-school children (1.69%, 90/5 312) and preschool-aged children (1.56%, 93/5 969) were relatively high. Conclusions The overall prevalence of soil-transmitted nematodiasis was low in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2023; however, the prevalence varied across regions and among populations, with E. vermicularis as the predominant species of soil-transmitted nematode. Soil-transmitted nematodiasis control should be given a high priority in key areas in Hubei Province, and preschool children, primary school students, and individuals with a low educational level are recommended as key target populations for health education and interventions.

Objective To explore the current status of penile erection hardness and its influencing factors in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia.Methods From January to December 2024,450 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia were surveyed at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Hospital.A self-made general information questionnaire was used to collect their demographic data.The Erectile Hardness Scale(EHS)was employed to investigate the current status of their penile erection hardness,and a self-made questionnaire was utilized to explore the influencing factors.Results Among the 450 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia,during sexual intercourse,35.3%of the patients reported that their penile erection hardness could reach grade 4(normal state),54.5%reported that it only reached grade 3(sub-optimal state),9.3%reported that it only reached grade 2(slight penile erection),and 0.9%reported that it only reached grade 1(inability to achieve an erection).In the survey of satisfaction with sexual life quality,among the 450 patients,only 24.9%were very satisfied with their sexual life quality;57.3%were basically satisfied;9.6%considered it average;4.0%were dissatisfied;3.1%were very dissatisfied;and 1.1%had no sexual life.alcohol consumption(OR=2.393,95%CI:1.493～3.836),satisfaction with the quality of sexual life(OR=1.455,95%CI:1.118～1.894),educational attainment(OR=0.709,95%CI:0.549～0.917),and the sleep quality in the past month(OR=0.641,95%CI:0.452～0.907).Conclusions Clinical studies have shown that factors such as drinking habits,sexual life satisfaction,sleep quality,and educational attainment collectively influence the penile erection hardness in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia.Therefore,the medical team needs to customize personalized intervention plans and educational materials based on individual differences among patients.Through psychological counseling and lifestyle guidance,they can improve erectile function and the quality of sexual life,promote harmonious marital relationships,and enhance the overall life experience of the patients.

Purpose To investigate the cortical thickness features in Parkinson's disease(PD)patients at various stages and their association with dopamine transporter(DAT)levels in the putamen.Materials and Methods We retrospectively enrolled 30 PD patients and 15 healthy subject who underwent 11C-CFT PET and T1 MRI scans at the Department of Nuclear Medicine/PET Center of Huashan Hospital from August 2016 to October 2020.DAT average radioactivity in the anterior and posterior putamen was analysis using SPM12 software,with the occipital lobe as the reference region.Cortical segmentation and reconstruction were performed on T1 images using Freesurfer v7.2.The differences in cortical thinning between the groups were compared using a general linear model.Additionally,the relationship between cortical thickness in various brain regions and DAT uptake in the putamen were assessed.Results Compared to healthy subjects,significant cortical thinning was observed in the left inferior parietal lobule and the right and left inferior middle frontal gyrus of PD patients(all P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between the cortical thickness of the left inferior parietal lobule and right inferior middle frontal gyrus and DAT uptake in the corresponding anterior/posterior parts of the putamen(r=0.30-0.47,all P<0.05).Furthermore,the DAT uptake in the right precentral gyrus was positively correlated with the ipsilateral posterior putamen,exhibiting a stronger correlation than on the contralateral side(r=0.32,P=0.029).Conclusion The results show that the thickness of the thinning cortex area in the PD patients correlates significantly positively with DAT levels in the putamen,highlighting the importance of the basal ganglia cortical circuit and providing a basis for further research into the neural mechanisms of PD.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To explore the current status of penile erection hardness and its influencing factors in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia.Methods From January to December 2024,450 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia were surveyed at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Hospital.A self-made general information questionnaire was used to collect their demographic data.The Erectile Hardness Scale(EHS)was employed to investigate the current status of their penile erection hardness,and a self-made questionnaire was utilized to explore the influencing factors.Results Among the 450 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia,during sexual intercourse,35.3%of the patients reported that their penile erection hardness could reach grade 4(normal state),54.5%reported that it only reached grade 3(sub-optimal state),9.3%reported that it only reached grade 2(slight penile erection),and 0.9%reported that it only reached grade 1(inability to achieve an erection).In the survey of satisfaction with sexual life quality,among the 450 patients,only 24.9%were very satisfied with their sexual life quality;57.3%were basically satisfied;9.6%considered it average;4.0%were dissatisfied;3.1%were very dissatisfied;and 1.1%had no sexual life.alcohol consumption(OR=2.393,95%CI:1.493～3.836),satisfaction with the quality of sexual life(OR=1.455,95%CI:1.118～1.894),educational attainment(OR=0.709,95%CI:0.549～0.917),and the sleep quality in the past month(OR=0.641,95%CI:0.452～0.907).Conclusions Clinical studies have shown that factors such as drinking habits,sexual life satisfaction,sleep quality,and educational attainment collectively influence the penile erection hardness in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia.Therefore,the medical team needs to customize personalized intervention plans and educational materials based on individual differences among patients.Through psychological counseling and lifestyle guidance,they can improve erectile function and the quality of sexual life,promote harmonious marital relationships,and enhance the overall life experience of the patients.

Clinical pharmacist training is an important way to strengthen the clinical pharmacist team's construction and improve their pharmaceutical service capabilities and levels.The Pharmacy Administration and Pharmacy Practice in Healthcare Institutions-Part 4-8-1:Pharmacy Administration-Pharmacy Training Management-Clinical Pharmacist Training was based on the relevant requirements of the current clinical pharmacist training system of the Chinese Hospital Association,and formulated by sor-ting out relevant materials,such as standards,policies and regulations,technical specifications,literature,the current situation of clinical pharmacist training in China,and expert opinions.A total of 15 key elements of clinical pharmacist training were selected and divided into three aspects(base management,training process and assessment,and the quality management,evaluation and improvement).This article mainly introduced the construction method and content of the clinical pharmacist training standard,to deepen the understanding of the standard for relevant units and to promote the implementation of the standard.

AIM To evaluate the quality of Gegen Formula Granules.METHODS Linear calibration with two reference substances(LCTRS)was adopted in the predicting of retention time with puerarin and daidzein as internal standards.UPLC characteristic chromatograms were established.The contents of 3'-hydroxy puerarin,puerarin(internal standard),3'-methoxy puerarin,puerarin 6"-O-xyloside,puerarin apioside and daidzin were determined by quantitative determination analysis multi-components by a single marker(QAMS),after which their transfer rates were calculated.RESULTS Compared with relative retention time method,LCTRS demonstrated higher positional accuracy for characteristic peaks and wider application range for columns.There were 9 characteristic peaks in the characteristic chromatograms for 14 batches of formula granules and 15 batches of standard decoctions with the similarities of more than 0.95.The contents and transfer rates of various constituents in formula granules and standard decoctions were basically consistent.CONCLUSION The chemical constituents in formula granules and their standard decoctions of Puerariae lobatae Radix display good consistency,reliable preparation process is observable in the former.

Objective To explore the role of the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in a model of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglia inflammation.Methods To investigate its effects on endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress,an inflammation model of microglia was established by stimulating with LPS at gradient concentrations for 24 hours and with 1 mg/L LPS for different durations.Cell viability was assessed by the CCK-8 assay;The mRNA and protein expression levels of related inflammatory factors were measured by Real-time PCR and ELISA kits.Cellular oxidative stress was evaluated by detecting reactive oxygen species(ROS),and Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to examine the mRNA and protein expression levels of ER stress pathway markers associated with inflammation.Results 1.The effects of different concentrations of LPS on cell viability and morphology were not statistically significant after acting on BV-2 cells for 24 hours(P＞0.05);2.1 mg/L LPS incubated with BV-2 cells for different times and the cell viability decreased with the increase of time;3.Compared with the 0 hour group,the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin(IL)-1β,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)mRNA and protein expression increased significantly(P＜0.05)in the LPS-stimulated 9 hours,12 hours,and 24 hours groups,and the inflammation model was successfully established;4.Compared with the 0 hour group,the protein and mRNA expression levels of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway-related indexes in the LPS-stimulated 9 hours,12 hours,and 24 hours groups increased significantly(P＜0.01),which showed the time-dependence;5.After adding the PERK inhibitor GSK2606414,the mRNA and protein expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related indicators in the PERK inhibitor group were significantly reduced compared with those in the LPS group(P＜0.05);6.The mRNA and protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the fluorescence intensity of ROS in the PERK inhibitor group were significantly reduced compared with those in the LPS group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Targeting PERK-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses in microglia.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAAS) score and the bispectral index (BIS) during propofol titration for general anesthesia induction and analyze the impact of BIS monitoring delay on anesthetic depth assessment. METHODS: This study was conducted among 90 patients (ASA class I-II) undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. For anesthesia induction, the patients received propofol titration at the rate of 0.5 mg·kg^-1·min^-1 till OAAS scores of 4, 3, 2, and 1 were reached. After achieving an OAAS score of 1, remifentanil (2 μg·kg⁻¹) and rocuronium (0.6 mg·kg⁻¹) were administered, and tracheal intubation was performed 2 min later. BIS values, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and propofol dosage at each OAAS score were recorded, and the correlation between OAAS scores and BIS values was analyzed. The diagnostic performance of BIS values for determining when the OAAS score reaches 1 was analyzed using ROC curve. RESULTS: All the patients successfully completed tracheal intubation. BIS values of the patients at each of the OAAS scores differed significantly (P<0.01), and the mean BIS value decreased by 4.08, 8.32, 5.43 and 5.24 as the OAAS score decreased from 5 to 4, from 4 to 3, from 3 to 2, and from 2 to 1, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the OAAS score and BIS values (ρ=0.775, P<0.001). The median BIS value for an OAAS score of 1 was 76, at which point 83.33% of the patients had BIS values exceeding 60. ROC curve analysis showed that for determining an OAAS score of 1, BIS value, at the optimal cutoff value of 84, had a sensitivity of 88.9%, a specificity of 73.3%, and an area under the curve of 0.842 (0.803-0.881). CONCLUSIONS OAAS score during induction of general anesthesia is strongly correlated with BIS value and is a highly sensitive and timely indicator to compensate for the delay in BIS monitoring.
Humans ; Propofol/administration & dosage* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Anesthesia, General/methods* ; Adult ; Consciousness Monitors ; Aged ; Young Adult ; Monitoring, Intraoperative/methods* ; Electroencephalography

Nitrogen narcosis is a neurological syndrome that manifests when humans or animals encounter hyperbaric nitrogen, resulting in a range of motor, emotional, and cognitive abnormalities. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is known for its significant involvement in regulating motivation, cognition, and action. However, its specific contribution to nitrogen narcosis-induced hyperlocomotion and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we report that exposure to hyperbaric nitrogen notably increased the locomotor activity of mice in a pressure-dependent manner. Concurrently, this exposure induced heightened activation among neurons in both the ACC and dorsal medial striatum (DMS). Notably, chemogenetic inhibition of ACC neurons effectively suppressed hyperlocomotion. Conversely, chemogenetic excitation lowered the hyperbaric pressure threshold required to induce hyperlocomotion. Moreover, both chemogenetic inhibition and genetic ablation of activity-dependent neurons within the ACC reduced the hyperlocomotion. Further investigation revealed that ACC neurons project to the DMS, and chemogenetic inhibition of ACC-DMS projections resulted in a reduction in hyperlocomotion. Finally, nitrogen narcosis led to an increase in local field potentials in the theta frequency band and a decrease in the alpha frequency band in both the ACC and DMS. These results collectively suggest that excitatory neurons within the ACC, along with their projections to the DMS, play a pivotal role in regulating the hyperlocomotion induced by exposure to hyperbaric nitrogen.
Animals ; Gyrus Cinguli/drug effects* ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Locomotion/drug effects* ; Neurons/drug effects* ; Mice ; Nitrogen/toxicity* ; Inert Gas Narcosis/physiopathology* ; Corpus Striatum/physiopathology*