Syringa pinnatifolia, belonging to the family Oleaceae, is a species endemic to China. It is predominantly distributed in the Helan Mountains region of Inner Mongolia and Ningxia of China. The peeled roots, stems, and thick branches have been used as a distinctive Mongolian medicinal material known as "Shan-chen-xiang", which has effects such as suppressing "khii", clearing heat, and relieving pain and is employed for the treatment of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and joint pain. Over the past five years, significant increase was achieved in research on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects. There were a total of 130 new constituents reported, covering sesquiterpenoids, lignans, and alkaloids. Its effects of anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, sedation, and analgesia were revealed, and the mechanisms of agarwood formation were also investigated. To better understand its medical value and potential of clinical application, this review updates the research progress in recent five years focusing on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S. pinnatifolia, providing reference for subsequent research on active ingredient and support for its innovative application in modern medicine system.
Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Animals ; Syringa/chemistry*

Objective To investigate the effect of ankle pump exercises,based on hemodynamic mechanisms,on the prevention of venous thrombosis in stroke patients.Methods A total of 110 stroke patients,admitted to a tertiary A hospital in Jiangsu Province between June 2023 and June 2024,were selected using a convenience sampling method.The patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group,with 55 patients in each group.The experimental group received ankle pump exercise nursing interventions based on hemodynamic mechanisms,while the control group received routine nursing interventions.The incidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis,Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale scores,subjective perceived fatigue,and exercise self-efficacy scores were compared between 2 groups on the 7th day of hospitalization.Results No dropouts occurred in either group.The incidence of deep vein thrombosis was significantly lower in the experimental group than it in the control group(P=0.004).The Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation scores on day 1,3,5,and 7 were higher in the experimental group compared to them in the control group(P＜0.001).A significant time-dependent trend was observed in Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation scores(P=0.034).Subjective fatigue was significantly lower in the experimental group at various time points(P＜0.001).Both groups showed an increase in exercise self-efficacy over time(P=0.016),with the experimental group demonstrating higher exercise self-efficacy than the control group on the day before discharge(P=0.003).Conclusion Ankle pump exercises,based on hemodynamic mechanisms,can effectively reduce the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in stroke patients,enhance rehabilitation participation and exercise self-efficacy,without increasing subjective fatigue.

Objective To investigate the effect of ankle pump exercises,based on hemodynamic mechanisms,on the prevention of venous thrombosis in stroke patients.Methods A total of 110 stroke patients,admitted to a tertiary A hospital in Jiangsu Province between June 2023 and June 2024,were selected using a convenience sampling method.The patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group,with 55 patients in each group.The experimental group received ankle pump exercise nursing interventions based on hemodynamic mechanisms,while the control group received routine nursing interventions.The incidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis,Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale scores,subjective perceived fatigue,and exercise self-efficacy scores were compared between 2 groups on the 7th day of hospitalization.Results No dropouts occurred in either group.The incidence of deep vein thrombosis was significantly lower in the experimental group than it in the control group(P=0.004).The Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation scores on day 1,3,5,and 7 were higher in the experimental group compared to them in the control group(P＜0.001).A significant time-dependent trend was observed in Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation scores(P=0.034).Subjective fatigue was significantly lower in the experimental group at various time points(P＜0.001).Both groups showed an increase in exercise self-efficacy over time(P=0.016),with the experimental group demonstrating higher exercise self-efficacy than the control group on the day before discharge(P=0.003).Conclusion Ankle pump exercises,based on hemodynamic mechanisms,can effectively reduce the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in stroke patients,enhance rehabilitation participation and exercise self-efficacy,without increasing subjective fatigue.

Objective To investigate the effects and the mechanisms of sulforaphane(SFN)on endothelin-1(ET-1)-induced proliferation in rat vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC).Methods Rat VSMC were cultured by using the modified tissue explant technique in vitro and were randomly divided into control group(normal culture),model group(treated with 0.1 μmol·L-1 ET-1)and experimental-L,-M,-H groups(treated with 5,10,20 SFN+0.1 μmol·L-1 ET-1).The survival rate of VSMC were measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium.The proliferation and apoptosis related genes in mRNA level in VSMC were respectively examined with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction;the relative fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in VSMC were measured by fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate;the protein expression of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bel-2),cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3(caspase-3),p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases(p38MAPK),phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases(p-p38MAPK),and p53 in VSMC were investigated by Western blot.Results The proliferation activities of the control group,model group,experimental-L,-M,-H groups were 0.27±0.02,0.50±0.04,0.40±0.03,0.38±0.03 and 0.34±0.03;the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA were 1.57±0.28,1.00±0.00,0.87±0.05,0.75±0.08 and 0.41±0.18;the expression levels of caspase-3 mRNA were 0.84±0.10,1.00±0.00,1.33±0.10,1.61±0.15 and 1.83±0.16;the relative fluorescence intensities of ROS in VSMC were 6.05±1.50,31.45±3.12,30.03±1.85,18.39±5.62 and 17.18±1.97;the relative expression levels of Bel-2 protein were 0.65±0.02,0.60±0.02,0.49±0.02,0.48±0.03 and 0.49±0.01;the relative expression levels of caspase-3 protein were 0.03±0.00,0.25±0.01,0.42±0.01,0.46±0.02 and 0.64±0.03;the protein expression ratios of p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK were 0.97±0.05,1.44±0.04,1.62±0.10,2.18±0.05 and 2.70±0.05;the relative expression levels of p53 protein were 0.20±0.01,0.30±0.01,0.34±0.02,0.37±0.01 and 0.42±0.01 respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the above indicators between model group and control group,between model group and experimental-M,-H groups(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion These demonstrate that SFN may inhibit proliferation and prompt apoptosis in ET-1-stimulated VSMC by anti-oxidant and activating p38MAPK and p53-depended apoptosis signal pathway.

Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.

Objective:To explore the understanding on health-related quality of life(HRQoL)among the Chinese populations and to develop a HRQoL conceptual framework that can be used to guide the development of Chinese HRQoL instruments.Methods:Respondents of Chinese general population and patients populations were recruited from 31 provinces in China.One-to-one semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted to collect the views and perceptions on HRQoL.Based on the grounded theory,multi-level coding of qualitative interviews was carried out,and the framework method was used to sort out and summarize the coding to develop the HRQoL conceptual framework in China.Results:A total of 68 respondents were included in the study.The study extracted 1 558 open coding from the qualitative interview,which were analyzed and sorted into 180 axial coding and 31 selective coding(dimensions).The HRQoL conceptual framework for the Chinese population with 6 themes was finally summarized.Conclusions:The HRQoL conceptual framework based on the health concepts and preferences of the Chinese population contains 6 themes,refers to symptoms,physical function,emotion,cognition,activities and social function.In particular,the items of appetite,sleep and fatigue identifies may reflect Chinese cultural specific perceptions on important aspects of HRQoL.

Modern Chinese medicine studies have confirmed that the interaction between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and intestinal flora is the key to the treatment of diseases with tradi-tional Chinese medicine.This interplay includes such activities as:traditional Chinese medicine can be metabolized by intestinal flora into effective components with different biological activities from its precursors;TCM chemicals improve the composition of gut microbiota,consequently ameliorating its dysfunction as well as associated pathological conditions;and gut microbiota mediate the interactions between the multiple chemicals in TCM.There-fore,it becomes an important way to understand the modern sci-entific connotation of traditional Chinese medicine theory to study the pharmacological mechanism of the efficacy of traditional Chi-nese medicine by targeting Gut microbiota.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal type I collagen (COL1) expression is associated with the development of many cardiovascular diseases. The TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway and circRNAs have been shown to regulate COL1 gene expression, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. METHODS: Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were prformed to study the effect of circZBTB46 on the expression of alpha 2 chain of type I collagen (COL1A2). Co-immunoprecipitation assay was performed to observe the interaction between two proteins. RNA immunoprecipitation assay and biotin pull-down assay were performed to observe the interaction of circZBTB46 with PDLIM5. RESULTS: In this study, we investigated the role of circZBTB46 in regulating COL1A2 expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We found that circZBTB46 is expressed in VSMCs and that TGF-beta inhibits circZBTB46 formation by downregulating KLF4 expression through activation of the Smad signaling pathway. CircZBTB46 inhibits the expression of COL1A2 induced by TGF-beta. Mechanistically, circZBTB46 mediates the interaction between Smad2 and PDLIM5, resulting in the inhibition of Smad signaling and the subsequent downregulation of COL1A2 expression. Furthermore, we found that the expression of TGF-beta and COL1A2 is decreased, while circZBTB46 expression is increased in human abdominal aortic aneurysm tissues, indicating that circZBTB46-mediated regulation of TGF-beta/Smad signaling and COL1A2 synthesis in VSMCs plays a crucial role in vascular homeostasis and aneurysm development. CONCLUSIONS CircZBTB46 was identified as a novel inhibitor of COL1 synthesis in VSMCs, highlighting the importance of circZBTB46 and PDLIM5 in regulating TGF-beta/Smad signaling and COL1A2 expression.

Humans ; Philadelphia Chromosome ; Neoplasms ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics* ; Disease Progression

The bacterial ATP-competitive GyrB/ParE subunits of type II topoisomerase are important anti-bacterial targets to treat super drug-resistant bacterial infections. Herein we discovered novel pyrrolamide-type GyrB/ParE inhibitors based on the structural modifications of the candidate AZD5099 that was withdrawn from the clinical trials due to safety liabilities such as mitochondrial toxicity. The hydroxyisopropyl pyridazine compound 28 had a significant inhibitory effect on Gyrase (GyrB, IC₅₀ = 49 nmol/L) and a modest inhibitory effect on Topo IV (ParE, IC₅₀ = 1.513 μmol/L) of Staphylococcus aureus. It also had significant antibacterial activities on susceptible and resistant Gram-positive bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of less than 0.03 μg/mL, which showed a time-dependent bactericidal effect and low frequencies of spontaneous resistance against S. aureus. Compound 28 had better protective effects than the positive control drugs such as DS-2969 ( 5) and AZD5099 ( 6) in mouse models of sepsis induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. It also showed better bactericidal activities than clinically used vancomycin in the mouse thigh MRSA infection models. Moreover, compound 28 has much lower mitochondrial toxicity than AZD5099 ( 6) as well as excellent therapeutic indexes and pharmacokinetic properties. At present, compound 28 has been evaluated as a pre-clinical drug candidate for the treatment of drug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infection. On the other hand, compound 28 also has good inhibitory activities against stubborn Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli (MIC = 1 μg/mL), which is comparable with the most potent pyrrolamide-type GyrB/ParE inhibitors reported recently. In addition, the structure-activity relationships of the compounds were also studied.